【历史】鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的科学研究编年史（2000~2020)

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除此之外这科普专栏帖“有可能”是本人在哔哩哔哩最后一次制作的古生物学相关科普内容，因此本人从明年起不再推出古生物学科普内容。敬请原谅！！！！！~~~~~

鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的科学研究编年史是古生物学史上按时间顺序排列的事件的列表，鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha是一种海生的蜥形纲物种类群，不少物种的外形类似于鲸下目/Cetacea、鲨形超目/Selachimorpha和旗鱼目/Istiophoriformes。科学家至少在17世纪末就记载过鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的物种化石，当时一位名叫爱德华·拉维德/Edward Lhwyd的学者出版了一本有关英格兰化石的书，该书将一些鱼龙形下纲物种的椎骨错误鉴定为鱼类化石；直到19世纪人们才开始了解到鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha物种的真面目。在1811年一个名叫约瑟夫·安宁·杰弗里/Joseph Anning Jeffrey的男孩发现了人类已知最早的鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha化石记载，这些化石在科学上也得到了公认，后来他的妹妹玛丽·安宁/Mary Anning找到了骨骼的其余部分，并继续成为受人尊敬的化石收藏家和古生物学家。

科学家对鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的早期研究认为该物种类群是海洋蜥形纲物种，但对其解剖结构和生态行为等主要知识未完全了解，人们经常将它们描绘成经常在海滩上晒日光浴的水陆两栖动物，并且尾巴笔直。尽管人类已知最早找到的鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha化石标本中可以看到鱼龙属/Ichthyosaurus的尾椎的末端向下弯曲，但学者们早期认为鱼龙属/Ichthyosaurus的尾椎的末端向下弯曲是因为尸体遭受破坏。事实上这种尾巴向下弯曲是鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha大多数物种常见的生前特征，以至于学者们最后意识到尾椎的末端向下弯曲是那些化石的自然正常的生前特征，尾椎骨上方并支撑着鲨鱼状的尾鳍。科学家们开始意识到鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha极度特化成纯水生/Aquatic物种，甚至会以卵胎生/Ovoviviparity方式生产后代。鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的产子证据可追溯到1846年，当时查尔斯·皮尔斯/Chaning Pierce向理查德·欧文/Richard Owen爵士报告发现到鱼龙属/Ichthyosaurus的胚胎化石。

鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的化石发现与其科学研究一直持续到20世纪。1928年西缅·穆勒/Simeon Muller在内华达州发现了40只的巨型物种化石。但是直到1950年代中期，查尔斯·刘易斯·坎普/Charles Lewis Camp 和 加利福尼亚州大学伯克利分校/University of California, Berkeley的 塞缪尔·保罗·威尔斯/Samuel Paul Welles 为此目的进行探险之前，才发掘这些鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha物种的巨型化石遗骸，这些化石的发掘将需要十多年的时间，而查尔斯·刘易斯·坎普/Charles Lewis Camp对这些骨骸化石的研究结果要到1975年去世后一年才公布。这些巨型鱼龙被命名为秀尼龙属·通俗种/Shonisaurus popularis，其后的该地点现在已被命名为贝林鱼龙国家公园/Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park。

20世纪晚期对鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha的研究有显着的进展，包括新建一种物种属，即真鼻龙属·长嘴种/Eurhinosaurus longirostris，在此之前自1854年以来就被错误地归类为鱼龙属/Ichthyosaurus里。1986年克里斯托弗·麦克高恩/Christopher McGowan用亚瑟王的神话般的剑来命名了另一种在英格兰发现过外形很类似真鼻龙属/Eurhinosaurus的物种，即王者之剑龙属·克斯提种/Excalibosaurus costini。在1990年代末和21世纪初，关于整个鱼龙形下纲/Ichthyosauromorpha该物种类群灭绝的原因，一直引起学术界的争议性，例如有一种假说认为是来自于在森诺曼阶/Cenomanian或其后时代的土仑阶/Turonian新兴演化出的默兹蜥超科（沧龙超科）/Mosasauroidea物种类群竞争。

2000
    Ryosuke Motani published an article on ichthyosaurs in Scientific American that documented the discovery of Utatsusaurus.
    Swiss watch maker Rolex honored Elizabeth Nicholls as a Rolex Laureate and bestowed on her a $100,000 stipend, covering much of the expenses generated by her field work.
    Sander expressed doubt as to whether or not Omphalosaurus was really an ichthyosaur. He also cast doubt on the idea that the limb bones from Spitsbergen referred to the genus by Carl Wiman actually belonged to the same kind of animal as the jaws discovered by J. C. Merriam that served as its type specimen.
    Maisch and Matzke erected the new genus Callawayia for the species Shastasaurus neoscapularis. They also erected the new genus Phantomosaurus.
    Yin and others described the new genus and species Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae. They also described the species that would later come to be known as Shastasaurus liangae.
    May: Nathalie Bardet and Marta Fernandez erected the new genus Aegirosaurus to house the species Ichthyosaurus leptospondylus. This was first new ichthyosaur to be described from the Solnhofen lithographic limestone in over 50 years prior to its naming. The type specimen preserved extensive soft tissue traces. Bardet and Fernandez reported the presence of tiny scales covering the animal. They disagreed with Martill, who claimed in 1995 that no evidence of a scaley covering existed in ichthyosaurs.

2000年
    Ryosuke Motani 在《科学美国人》上发表了一篇关于鱼龙的文章，记录了 Utatsusaurus 的发现。
    瑞士手表制造商劳力士授予伊丽莎白·尼科尔斯劳力士桂冠，并授予她 10 万美元的津贴，用于支付她实地工作产生的大部分费用。
    Sander 对 Omphalosaurus 是否真的是鱼龙表示怀疑。他也怀疑来自斯匹次卑尔根岛的四肢骨实际上属于同一种动物，与 JC Merriam 发现的颌骨作为其模式标本。
    Maisch 和 Matzke 为新肩胛沙斯塔龙（Shastasaurus neoscapularis）建立了新的 Callawayia 属，他们还建立了新的幻影龙属。
    尹等人描述了新属和种贵州鱼龙，他们还描述了后来被称为Shastasaurus liangae的物种。
    5 月：Nathalie Bardet 和 Marta Fernandez 建立了新的 Aegirosaurus 属来容纳鱼龙物种。这是在命名前 50 多年里从 Solnhofen 石刻石灰岩中描述的第一个新鱼龙。Bardet 和 Fernandez 报告了微小鳞片的存在他们不同意马蒂尔的说法，马蒂尔在 1995 年声称没有证据表明鱼龙存在鳞片覆盖物

2001
    Maisch and Matzke recognized the genus Phalarodon as diagnostic rather than dubious. They referred the species "Mixsaurus" major of the German Muschelkalk to that genus, and noted that this represented the first report of Phalarodon in that locality.
    Nicholls and Manabe erected the new genus Metashastasaurus for the species Shastasaurus neoscapularis. However, since the genus Callawayia had already been named for this species by Maisch and Matzke it was never accepted as valid by the scientific community. Nicholls and Manabe also reported that since field work began in the Pardonet Formation of British Columbia's Pink Mountains, 65 ichthyosaur specimens had been recovered.
    Orndorff and others interpreted the burial site of the famous ichthyosaurs of Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park as a deep ocean shelf rather than a shallow coastal area. They also proposed a new reinterpretation of the animal's deaths, suggesting that the deposit may represent a school of Shonisaurus that was paralyzed by neurotoxins in the fish or shellfish that they ate before sinking to their death. They compared their hypothesis to modern mass whale deaths off the coast of New England. However, this interpretation is considered doubtful as there is no evidence linking mass whale deaths with consumption of poisonous sealife.
    Dino Frey and others reported the presence of ichthyosaur vertebrae in the collection of the Faculty of Geoscience in Linares, Mexico. They expressed interest in returning to Mexico to study the remains further and search for new finds.
    Paleontologist Ben Kear collaborated with radiographer George Kourlis to perform a CT scan of Platypterigius. They found that its inner ear bones were so thick that they could not transmit sound vibrations and concluded animal must have been deaf. The scan also exposed the sensory structures inside its nose that allowed it to smell as well as an unusual system of "channels and grooves". The researchers found embryonic remains inside a Platypteriguis from Hughenden, Queensland, as well as the remains of the belemnites, fish, and turtle hatchlings it ate.
    Arkhangelsky described the species that would later come to be known as Brachypterygius alekseevi.

2001年
    Maisch 和 Matzke 认为 Phalarodon 属具有诊断意义而非可疑。他们将德国 Muschelkalk 的主要物种“Mixsaurus”称为该属，并指出这是该地区首次报道 Phalarodon。
    Nicholls 和 Manabe 为 Shastasaurus neoscapularis 物种建立了新的 Metashastasaurus 属。然而，由于 Callawayia 属已经被 Maisch 和 Matzke 命名为这个物种，它从未被科学界接受为有效。工作开始于英国的 Pardonet Formation在哥伦比亚的粉红山，已经发现了 65 个鱼龙标本。
    Orndorff 等人将柏林鱼龙州立公园著名鱼龙的墓地解释为深海陆架而不是浅海沿岸地区。他们将他们的假设与现代新英格兰海岸附近的鲸鱼大规模死亡进行了比较。然而，这种解释是被认为是可疑的，因为没有证据表明大量鲸鱼死亡与食用有毒海洋生物有关。
    Dino Frey 等人报告了墨西哥利纳雷斯地球科学学院收藏的鱼龙椎骨的存在，他们表示有兴趣返回墨西哥进一步研究遗骸并寻找新的发现。
    古生物学家 Ben Kear 与放射技师 George Kourlis 合作对 Platypterigius 进行 CT 扫描。他们发现它的内耳骨非常厚，无法传递声音振动，因此得出结论，动物一定是聋的。扫描还暴露了其内部的感觉结构。研究人员在昆士兰州 Hughenden 的 Platypteriguis 体内发现了胚胎残骸，以及它吃过的箭石、鱼和海龟幼龟的残骸。
    Arkhangelsky 描述了后来被称为 Brachypterygius alekseevi 的物种。

2002
    Li and You described the new species Cymbospondylus asiaticus. The known remains of this species consisted of two skulls excavated from the Late Triassic Falang Formation of Guizhou Province, China. This was the first known example of the genus in Asia.
    Perkins speculated that the channels and grooves uncovered by Kear and Kourlis in the skull of Platypterigius via CT scan formed an electrosensory system similar to those possessed by modern sharks.
    Peter Doyle gave an interview to New Scientist magazine discussing acid-etched belemnite shells, that he believed originated as ichthyosaur vomit.
    Ryosuke Motani compared the bodies and hydrodynamics of aquatic life with a "thunniform" body plan like dolphins, lamnid sharks, tunas, and the ichthyosaur Stenopterygius quadriscissus. He modeled the motions of a thunniform body and its interaction with the water finding that, contrary to the conclusions of previous research, the tail fin of a thunniform animal was evolved to enable cruising at large body sizes rather than for "propuslive efficiency". He hypothesized that the similar body plans shared between ichthyosaurs and tunas suggest similar high swimming speeds and metabolic rates.
    Stuart Humphries and Graeme Ruxton published a study on the eyes of Ophthalmosaurus. They calculated its eyes to be two and half to four times as light sensitive as the modern elephant seal. Since elephant seals can themselves dive thousands of feet deep, the researchers concluded that increased light sensitivity in deep water was probably not the only evolutionary pressure behind the evolution of large eyes in Ophthalmosaurus. Its large eyes would have given it exceptionally clear vision as well, which would have been useful for tracking small prey and in possible social behavior.
    Thegarten Lingham-Soliar argued against Nathalie Bardet's attribution of ichthyosaur extinction to the loss of their preferred food sources in the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event expanded on his own 1999 attribution of ichthyosaur extinction to biotic factors. During the Cretaceous the evolution of many fish groups trended towards faster swimming body types, making them harder to hunt for adult ichthyosaurs and harder to escape from for newborn ichthyosaurs. This ecological scene favored ambush predators like plesiosaurs and the newly evolved mosasaurs over the ichthyosaurs, who succumbed to the competition.
    Maisch and Lehmann described the new species Omphalosaurus peyeri.

2002
    Li 和 You 描述了新种 Cymbospondylus asiaticus。该物种的已知遗骸包括从中国贵州省晚三叠世法朗组出土的两个头骨，这是亚洲第一个已知的该属实例。
    珀金斯推测，Kear 和 Kourlis 通过 CT 扫描在侧翼鱼头骨中发现的通道和凹槽形成了一个类似于现代鲨鱼所拥有的电感应系统。
    彼得·多伊尔（Peter Doyle）接受了《新科学家》杂志的采访，讨论了酸蚀的箭石贝壳，他认为这种贝壳起源于鱼龙的呕吐物。
    Ryosuke Motani 将水生生物的身体和流体动力学与海豚、lamnid 鲨鱼、金枪鱼和鱼龙 Stenopterygius quadriscissus 等“thunniform”身体计划进行了比较。他模拟了 thunniform 身体的运动及其与水的相互作用，发现与他假设鱼龙和金枪鱼的相似身体结构表明它们具有相似的高游泳速度和代谢率……
    Stuart Humphries 和 Graeme Ruxton 发表了一项关于眼鱼龙眼睛的研究。他们计算出它的眼睛对光的敏感度是现代象海豹的两倍半到四倍。由于象海豹本身可以潜入数千英尺深，研究人员得出结论：它的大眼睛也会给它非常清晰的视觉，这对于追踪小猎物和可能的社会行为很有用。它的大眼睛也会给它非常清晰的视觉，这对于追踪小猎物很有用以及可能的社会行为。
    Thegarten Lingham-Soliar 反对 Nathalie Bardet 将鱼龙灭绝归因于他们在 Cenomanian-Turonian 灭绝事件中失去首选食物来源的说法，并在他自己 1999 年将鱼龙灭绝归因于生物因素的基础上进行了扩展。在白垩纪，许多鱼类群体的进化趋势这种生态场景有利于伏击捕食者，如蛇颈龙和新进化的沧龙类，而不是鱼龙类，后者在竞争中屈服。
    Maisch 和 Lehmann 描述了新种 Omphalosaurus peyeri。

2003
    Elizabeth Nicholls, Chen Wei, and Makato Manabe published an extensive description of a new, complete specimen of Qianichthyosaurus from Guizhou. They observed that it was very similar to the genus Toretocnemus from California and concluded that similar ichthyosaur faunas spanned the Pacific Ocean during the Late Triassic.
    Maisch and Matzke described the new genus and species Quasianosteosaurus vikinghoegdai.

2003年
     Elizabeth Nicholls、Chen Wei 和 Makato Manabe 发表了一篇关于贵州千鱼龙新完整标本的广泛描述。他们观察到它与来自加利福尼亚的 Toretocnemus 属非常相似，并得出结论，类似的鱼龙动物群在晚期横跨太平洋三叠纪。
     Maisch和Matzke描述了新属和种Quasianosteosaurus vikinghoegdai。

2004
    Schmitz and others described the species that would later come to be known as Phalarodon callawayi.
    Nicholls and Manabe described the species that would later come to be known as Shastasaurus sikkaniensis.

2004年
     Schmitz 和其他人描述了后来被称为 Phalarodon callawayi 的物种。
     Nicholls 和 Manabe 描述了后来被称为 Shastasaurus sikkaniensis 的物种。

2006
    Maxwell and Caldwell described the new genus and species Maiaspondylus lindoei.
    Jiang and others described the species that would later come to be known as Barracudasauroides panxianensis .
    Fröbisch, Sander and Rieppel described the new species Cymbospondylus nichollsi.

2006年
     Maxwell 和 Caldwell 描述了新的属和种 Maiaspondylus lindoei。
     江和其他人描述了后来被称为盘县梭鱼的物种。
     Fröbisch、Sander 和 Rieppel 描述了新物种 Cymbospondylus nichollsi。

2007
    Chen, Cheng, and Sander described the species that would later come to be known as Guizhouichthyosaurus wolongangensis.

2007年
     Chen、Cheng 和 Sander 描述了后来被称为贵州鱼龙 wolongangensis 的物种。

2008
    Maisch described the new genus and species Hauffiopteryx typicus .
    Arkhangelsky and others described the new species Platypterygius ochevi.
    Jiang and others described the new genus and species Xinminosaurus catactes.

2008年
     Maisch 描述了 Hauffiopteryx typicus 的新属和种。
     Arkhangelsky 和其他人描述了新物种 Platypterygius ochevi。
     江等人描述了新属和新种新米龙catactates。

2010
    Maxwell described the new genus Arthropterygius.
    Druckenmiller and Maxwell described the new genus and species Athabascasaurus bitumineus.
    Maisch described the new genus Barracudasauroides and new species Omphalosaurus merriami.
    Chen and Cheng described the new species Mixosaurus xindianensis.

2010年
     麦克斯韦描述了新的节翅目属。
     Druckenmiller 和 Maxwell 描述了新的属和种 Athabascasaurus bitumineus。
     Maisch 描述了梭鱼新属和新种 Omphalosaurus merriami。
     Chen 和 Cheng 描述了新种 Mixosaurus xindianensis。

2011
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Sveltonectes insolitus.

2011年
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Sveltonectes insolitus。

2012
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Acamptonectes densus.
    Druckenmiller and others described the new genera and species Cryopterygius kristiansenae and Palvennia hoybergeti.
    Maxwell, Fernández, and Schoch described the new species Stenopterygius aaleniensis.
    Martin and others described the new species Temnodontosaurus azerguensis.

2012年
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新的 Acamptonectes densus 属和种。
     Druckenmiller 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Cryopterygius kristiansenae 和 Palvennia hoybergeti。
     Maxwell、Fernández 和 Schoch 描述了新物种 Stenopterygius aaleniensis。
     Martin 和其他人描述了新物种 Temnodontosaurus azerguensis。

2013
    Chen and others described the new species Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis.
    Cuthbertson, Russell and Anderson described the new genus and species Gulosaurus helmi.
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Malawania anachronus.
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Leninia stellans.
    Fröbisch and others described the new genus and species Thalattoarchon saurophagis.

2013年
     陈等人描述了新种张家湾巢湖龙。
     Cuthbertson、Russell 和 Anderson 描述了新的属和种 Gulosaurus helmi。
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新属和种 Malawania anachronus。
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Leninia stellans。
     Fröbisch 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Thalattoarchon saurophagis。
2014
    Roberts and others described the new genus and species Janusaurus lundi.
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Sisteronia seeleyi.
    Arkhangelsky and Zverkov described the new species Undorosaurus trautscholdi.
    Fischer and others described the new genus and species Leninia stellans.
    Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Cretaceous ophthalmosaurids Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi and Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis are reevaluated by Fischer et al. (2014).

2013年
     陈等人描述了新种张家湾巢湖龙。
     Cuthbertson、Russell 和 Anderson 描述了新的属和种 Gulosaurus helmi。
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新属和种 Malawania anachronus。
     Fischer 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Leninia stellans。
     Fröbisch 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Thalattoarchon saurophagis。

2015
    Motani and others described the new genus and species Cartorhynchus lenticarpus.
    Brusatte and others described the new genus and species Dearcmhara shawcrossi.
    Chen and others described the new genus and species Eretmorhipis carrolldongi.
    Lomax and Massare described the new species Ichthyosaurus anningae.
    Maxwell and others described the new genus and species Muiscasaurus catheti.
    A study of phylogenetic relationships of ichthyopterygians is published by Ji et al. (2015); the authors introduced a new name, Grippioidea, for the clade containing the last common ancestor of Utatsusaurus hataii and Grippia longirostris, and all its descendants.
    An exceptionally large ichthyosaur radius, possibly belonging to a member of Shastasauridae (which, if confirmed, would indicate that members of the family survived until Early Jurassic) is described from the Hettangian Blue Lias Formation (south Wales, United Kingdom) by Martin et al. (2015).

2015年
     Motani 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Cartorhynchus lenticarpus。
     Brusatte 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Dearcmhara shawcrossi。
     Chen 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Eretmorhipis carrolldongi。
     Lomax 和 Massare 描述了新物种鱼龙鱼龙。
     Maxwell 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Muiscasaurus catheti。
     Ji 等人发表了一项关于鱼翅目系统发育关系的研究。 (2015); 作者为包含 Utatsusaurus hataii 和 Grippia longirostris 及其所有后代的最后一个共同祖先的进化枝引入了一个新名称 Grippioidea。
     Martin 等人在 Hettangian Blue Lias Formation（英国南威尔士）描述了一个异常大的鱼龙半径，可能属于 Shastasauridae 的一个成员（如果得到证实，将表明该家族的成员幸存到早侏罗世） . (2015)。

2016
    Jiang and others described the new genus and species Sclerocormus parviceps.
    Lomax described the new genus and species Wahlisaurus.
    Lomax and Massare described the new species Ichthyosaurus larkini and Ichthyosaurus somersetensis.
    Tyborowski described the new species Cryopterygius kielanae.
    A study of taxonomic richness, disparity and evolutionary rates of ichthyosaurs throughout the Cretaceous period is published by Fischer et al. (2016).
    A restudy of "Platypterygius" campylodon is published by Fischer (2016), who transfers this species to the genus Pervushovisaurus.
    A revision of the ichthyosaur material of the British Middle and Late Jurassic referable to Ophthalmosaurus icenicus is published by Moon & Kirton (2016).

2016年
     姜和其他人描述了新属和种 Sclerocormus parviceps。
     Lomax 描述了新的属和种 Wahlisaurus。
     Lomax 和 Massare 描述了新物种 Ichthyosaurus larkini 和 Ichthyosaurus Somersetensis。
     Tyborowski 描述了新物种 Cryopterygius kielanae。
     Fischer 等人发表了一项关于整个白垩纪时期鱼龙分类丰富度、差异和进化速率的研究。 (2016)。
     Fischer (2016) 发表了对“Platypterygius”弯曲齿龙的重新研究，他将该物种转移到 Pervushovisaurus 属。
     Moon & Kirton (2016) 出版了对英国中侏罗世和晚侏罗世鱼龙材料的修订版，可参考 Ophthalmosaurus icenicus。

2017
    Delsett and others described the new genus and species Keilhauia nui.
    Paparella and others described the new genus and species Gengasaurus.
    Lomax, Massare and Mistry described the new genus and species Protoichthyosaurus applebyi.
    A study on the emergence date and changes of the evolutionary rate during the ichthyosauromorph evolution is published by Motani et al. (2017).
    A jaw fragment of a member of the genus Omphalosaurus is described from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Karchowice Formation (Poland) by Wintrich, Hagdorn & Sander (2017), representing the first record of Omphalosaurus from shallow marine carbonates and from the Muschelkalk facies.
    Description of three nearly complete and well-preserved skulls of Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis, revealing new information on the skull anatomy of the species, is published by Zhou et al. (2017).
    A specimen of Ichthyosaurus somersetensis containing an embryo, representing the largest unequivocal specimen of a member of the genus Ichthyosaurus, is described from the Lower Jurassic (lower Hettangian) Blue Lias Formation (United Kingdom) by Lomax & Sachs (2017).
    Plet et al. (2017) report the presence of red and white blood cell-like structures as well as platelet-like structures, collagen and cholesterol in a vertebra of a member of the genus Stenopterygius from Toarcian Posidonia Shale (Germany).
    An articulated skeleton of an ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur is described from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Katrol Formation (India) by Prasad et al. (2017).

2017年
    Delsett 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Keilhauia nui。
    Paparella 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Gengasaurus。
    Lomax、Massare 和 Mistry 描述了苹果原鱼龙这个新属和种。
    Motani 等人发表了关于鱼龙类进化过程中出现日期和进化速率变化的研究。 (2017)。
    Wintrich、Hagdorn 和 Sander（2017 年）在中三叠世（Anisian）Karchowice 组（波兰）中描述了 Omphalosaurus 属的一个颌骨碎片，代表了来自浅海碳酸盐岩和 Muschelkalk 相的 Omphalosaurus 的第一个记录。
    Zhou等人发表了三个近乎完整且保存完好的巢湖龙头骨的描述，揭示了该物种头骨解剖结构的新信息。 (2017)。
    Lomax & Sachs (2017) 在下侏罗纪（下 Hettangian）Blue Lias 组（英国）中描述了一个包含胚胎的鱼龙标本，这是鱼龙属成员最大的明确标本。
    普莱特等人。 (2017) 报告了来自 Toarcian Posidonia 页岩（德国）的 Stenopterygius 属成员的椎骨中存在红细胞和白细胞样结构以及血小板样结构、胶原蛋白和胆固醇。
    Prasad 等人在上侏罗纪（Kimmeridgian）Katrol 组（印度）描述了一种眼科鱼龙的关节骨架。 (2017)。

2018
    A study aiming to identify sexual dimorphism, taxonomic variation and individual variation among the specimens of Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis is published by Motani et al. (2018).
    A survey of the form and distribution of pathological structures in the skeletons of ichthyosaurs is published by Pardo-Pérez et al. (2018).
    A study on the microanatomy of vertebral centra of ichthyosaurs, aiming to establish whether there is any variation between the primitive and the most derived forms, is published by Houssaye, Nakajima & Sander (2018).
    Humeri of Pessopteryx nisseri and vertebrae referred to the genus Cymbospondylus are described from the Lower Triassic Vikinghøgda Formation (Spitsbergen, Norway) by Engelschiøn et al. (2018).
    A large, isolated jaw fragment of a giant ichthyosaur is described from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Westbury Mudstone Formation (United Kingdom) by Lomax et al. (2018), who also reinterpret some putative dinosaur limb bone shafts from the Upper Triassic of Aust Cliff as more likely to be ichthyosaur fossils.
    Ichthyosaur fossils, including an incomplete skeleton of a member of the genus Leptonectes, are described from the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of Asturias (Spain) by Fernández, Piñuela & García-Ramos (2018).
    Remains of ichthyosaur embryos, still situated within a fragment of the rib-cage of the parent animal, are described from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) Whitby Mudstone Formation (United Kingdom) by Boyd & Lomax (2018).
    Ichthyosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Agrio Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) are described by Lazo et al. (2018).
    New specimen of Phalarodon fraasi is described from the Middle Triassic Botneheia Formation (Svalbard, Norway) by Økland et al. (2018).
    Redescription of the relocated holotype of Suevoleviathan integer is published by Maxwell (2018), who considers the species Suevoleviathan disinteger to be a junior synonym of S. integer.
    A study on specimens of Temnodontosaurus from the Early Jurassic of southern Germany, aiming to document the types of pathologies observed in the skeletons of specimens assigned to this genus, is published by Pardo-Pérez et al. (2018).
    Four isolated partial skulls from the Lower Jurassic of the United Kingdom, previously identified as Ichthyosaurus communis, are assigned to the species Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis and P. applebyi by Lomax & Massare (2018), providing new information on the anatomy of these taxa.
    A reassessment of Ichthyosaurus communis and I. intermedius is published by Massare & Lomax (2018), who consider the latter species to be a junior synonym of the former.
    A study on the cellular and molecular composition of integumental tissues in an exceptionally preserved specimen of Stenopterygius is published by Lindgren et al. (2018).
    New specimen of Palvennia hoybergeti, providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is described from the Upper Jurassic Slottsmøya Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation (Spitsbergen, Norway) by Delsett et al. (2018).
    A revision of British ichthyosaur taxa of the Late Jurassic is published by Moon & Kirton (2018).

2018年
    Motani 等人发表了一项旨在识别潮州潮汕龙标本的性别二态性、分类变异和个体变异的研究。 (2018)。
    Pardo-Pérez 等人发表了一项关于鱼龙骨骼中病理结构形式和分布的调查。 (2018)。
    Houssaye、Nakajima 和 Sander（2018 年）发表了一项关于鱼龙椎体中央显微解剖学的研究，旨在确定原始形式和最衍生形式之间是否存在任何变异。
    Engelschiøn 等人从下三叠统 Vikinghøgda 组（挪威斯匹次卑尔根）描述了 Pessopteryx nisseri 的 Humeri 和属于 Cymbospondylus 的椎骨。 (2018)。
    Lomax 等人在上三叠纪（雷蒂亚纪）韦斯特伯里泥岩组（英国）中描述了一个巨大的、孤立的巨型鱼龙的颌骨碎片。 （2018 年），他还重新解释了一些来自 Aust Cliff 上三叠统的推定恐龙肢体骨干，认为它们更有可能是鱼龙化石。
    Fernández、Piñuela 和 García-Ramos（2018 年）在阿斯图里亚斯（西班牙）的下侏罗纪（Pliensbachian）描述了鱼龙化石，包括一个不完整的 Leptonectes 属成员骨架。
    Boyd & Lomax (2018) 在下侏罗纪（Toarcian）惠特比泥岩组（英国）中描述了鱼龙胚胎的残骸，仍然位于母体动物的胸腔碎片内。
    Lazo 等人描述了下白垩统 Agrio 组（阿根廷内乌肯盆地）的鱼龙遗骸。 (2018)。
    Økland 等人在中三叠世 Botneheia 组（挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛）中描述了 Phalarodon fraasi 的新标本。 (2018)。
    Maxwell (2018) 发表了对 Suevoleviathan integer 重定位正模的重新描述，他认为 Suevoleviathan disinteger 物种是 S. integer 的初级同义词。
    Pardo-Pérez 等人发表了一项关于德国南部早侏罗世 Temnodontosaurus 标本的研究，旨在记录在属于该属的标本骨骼中观察到的病理类型。 (2018)。
    Lomax & Massare (2018) 将来自英国下侏罗统的四个孤立的部分头骨（之前被确定为群鱼龙）归入 Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis 和 P. applebyi 物种，提供了有关这些分类群解剖结构的新信息。
    Massare & Lomax (2018) 发表了对共同鱼龙和中间鱼龙的重新评估，他们认为后者是前者的次要同义词。
    Lindgren 等人发表了一项关于保存完好的 Stenopterygius 标本中珠被组织的细胞和分子组成的研究。 (2018)。
    Delsett 等人在 Agardhfjellet 组（挪威斯匹次卑尔根）的上侏罗纪 Slottsmøya 段描述了 Palvennia hoybergeti 的新标本，提供了有关该物种解剖结构的新信息。 (2018)。
    Moon & Kirton (2018) 出版了晚侏罗世英国鱼龙分类群的修订版。

2019
    Two new specimens of Eretmorhipis carrolldongi, revealing superficial convergence with the modern platypus, are described from the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation (China) by Cheng et al. (2019).
    A study on the phylogenetic relationships of ichthyosaurs will be published by Moon (2019).
    A study on the evolution of ichthyosaur body forms and on its impact on the energy demands of ichthyosaur swimming is published by Gutarra et al. (2019).
    A study on the flexibility and function of ichthyosaur tails, as indicated by comparisons with shark tails, is published by Crofts, Shehata & Flammang (2019).
    A study on the effects of methodology, missing data and exceptional preservation of fossil specimens in lagerstätten on known morphological diversity of fossil animals, as indicated by fossil record of ichthyosaurs, is published by Flannery Sutherland et al. (2019).
    Second specimen of Wahlisaurus massarae is reported from a quarry in Somerset (United Kingdom), from the base of the Blue Lias Formation (Triassic–Jurassic boundary) by Lomax, Evans & Carpenter (2019), extending known geographic and stratigraphic range of the species.
    Partial skeleton of a large ichthyosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) of Warwickshire, England is described by Lomax, Porro & Larkin (2019), who assign this specimen to the species Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis.
    A neonate specimen of Ichthyosaurus communis is described by Lomax et al. (2019).
    A study on the variation of the hindfin morphology in the specimens of Ichthyosaurus and on its taxonomic utility is published by Massare & Lomax (2019).
    A study on the bone microstructure of the skeleton of a specimen of Stenopterygius quadriscissus from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale (Germany) is published by Anderson et al. (2019).
    A study on ontogentic variation in the braincase of Stenopterygius is published by Miedema and Maxwell.
    A study on the anatomy of an ophthalmosaurid rostrum fragment from the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) in the Morawica quarry in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland), and on its implications for reconstructing the internal morphology of the ophthalmosaurid cranial region and inferring the functional adaptations and palaeoecology of these reptiles, will be published by Tyborowski, Skrzycki & Dec (2019).
    A revision of the type series of all three species of Undorosaurus is published by Zverkov & Efimov (2019).
    A study on the taxonomy and phylogeny of ichthyosaurs belonging to the genus Arthropterygius is published by Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019).
    New fossil remains of Platypterygius sachicarum (a new skull and associated postcranial remains of upper Barremian age) are described from Villa de Leyva, Colombia by Maxwell et al. (2019), representing the first documented postcranial remains of this species.
    Campos, Fernández and Herrera described the new species Arthropterygius thalassonotus.
    Huang and others described the new species Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis.

2019年
    Cheng 等人在下三叠统嘉陵江组（中国）描述了两个新的 Eretmorhipis carrolldongi 标本，揭示了与现代鸭嘴兽的表面融合。 (2019)。
    Moon (2019) 将发表一项关于鱼龙的系统发育关系的研究。
    Gutarra 等人发表了一项关于鱼龙体型进化及其对鱼龙游泳能量需求影响的研究。 (2019)。
    Crofts, Shehata & Flammang (2019) 发表了一项关于鱼龙尾巴灵活性和功能的研究，通过与鲨鱼尾巴的比较表明。
    弗兰纳里·萨瑟兰 (Flannery Sutherland) 等人发表了一项关于方法学、缺失数据和特殊保存的化石标本对已知的化石动物形态多样性影响的研究，如鱼龙化石记录所示。 (2019)。
    Lomax、Evans 和 Carpenter（2019 年）在萨默塞特（英国）的一个采石场报告了马萨莱瓦利龙的第二个标本，该标本来自 Blue Lias 组（三叠纪-侏罗纪边界）的底部，扩展了该物种的已知地理和地层范围.
    Lomax、Porro 和 Larkin (2019) 描述了来自英格兰沃里克郡下侏罗纪（Sinemurian）的大型鱼龙的部分骨骼，他们将该标本归入 Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis。
    Lomax 等人描述了一个新生的鱼龙标本。 (2019)。
    Massare & Lomax (2019) 发表了一项关于鱼龙标本后鳍形态变化及其分类学实用性的研究。
    Anderson 等人发表了一项关于下侏罗统 Posidonia 页岩（德国）的 Stenopterygius quadriscissus 骨骼标本骨骼微观结构的研究。 (2019)。
    Miedema 和 Maxwell 发表了关于 Stenopterygius 脑壳个体发生变异的研究。
    对来自 Świętokrzyskie 山脉（波兰）Morawica 采石场的上侏罗纪（牛津阶）的眼科龙科讲台碎片的解剖学研究，及其对重建眼科龙类颅骨区域内部形态和推断功能适应性和古生态学的意义这些爬行动物的一部分，将由 Tyborowski、Skrzycki 和 Dec（2019 年）出版。
    Zverkov & Efimov (2019) 出版了所有三种 Undorosaurus 类型系列的修订版。
    Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019) 发表了一项关于节翅目鱼龙分类学和系统发育的研究。
    麦克斯韦等人在哥伦比亚的莱瓦镇描述了 Platypterygius sachicarum 的新化石遗骸（一种新的头骨和相关的上巴雷米亚时代的颅后遗骸）。 （2019 年），代表了该物种的第一个有记录的颅后遗骸。
    Campos、Fernández 和 Herrera 描述了新物种 Arthropterygius thalassonotus。
    Huang 和其他人描述了新种 Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis。

2020
    Barrientos Lara and others described the new genus and species Acuetzpalin carranzai.

2020年
     Barrientos Lara 和其他人描述了新的属和种 Acuetzpalin carranzai。 

下图为主要的鱼龙形下纲物种的化石发现者与化石研究者下