多样性 / Diversity


「释义」
多样性源于1960年代以来工作场所内多样性模式的发展。最初的多样性模式是围绕着平权行动,从法律中汲取力量,并需要遵守1964年《民权法》中实施的平等就业机会目标。平等就业机会的核心是,任何在学术上或身体上有资格从事特定工作的人都可以争取(并可能成功地)获得该工作,而不因身份而受到歧视。
接下来,将主导群体之外的个人在工作场所内应该得到机会的想法延伸到了社会正义模式,这不仅是因为它被作为法律规定,而且因为它是正确的。苹果公司前副总裁凯文-沙利文曾说过“多样性的举措必须被当作商业活动来推进。”
没有强大的多样性包容文化的组织,会招致生产率降低、缺勤率增加、员工流失率增加,从而导致企业的成本增加。
「应用场景」
在谈到多样性对组织及团队的影响时,管理者和学者往往会提及多样性在提高集体准确性和客观性方面的效果,以及对分析思维和创新性的影响。但在财务表现的“硬指标”上,研究者很难找到它们之间的因果关系,特别是在决策权和激励因素并不明晰的大企业,更难确定决策对相关收益或市场份额的效果。
When managers and scholars talk about diversity’s impact on organizations and teams, they’re usually referring to the effects on collective accuracy and objectivity, analytical thinking, and innovativeness. On “harder” measures of financial performance, researchers have struggled to establish a causal relationship with diversity—particularly when studying large companies, where decision rights and incentives can be murky, and the effects of any given choice on, say, profits or market share can be nearly impossible to pin down.
风投行业则不同,公司结构扁平,主要由投资合伙人和少数几位初级专业人士组成。每位投资人都是决策者,每个决策的商业结果都清晰可见。我们知道哪些公司做了哪些投资,也能找到这些投资的负责人,因为他们往往是资产组合公司的董事会成员。所以我们选择这个更易了解的行业,尝试找出多样性的效果。
So we’ve zeroed in on diversity’s effects in the venture capital industry, which presents fewer barriers to understanding. VC firms are fairly flat in structure, composed primarily of investment partners and relatively few junior professionals. Every investor is a decision maker, and choices have clear business consequences. We know which firms make what investments, and for the most part we can identify the individuals leading those investments, because they usually take seats on the boards of portfolio companies.
《多样性的新红利》
保罗·冈柏斯,西巴·科瓦里
2018年7月刊
“The Other Diversity Dividend”
by Paul Gompers and Silpa Kovvali
编辑:马冰仑