外刊听读| 经济学人 纽约拥堵费

some phrases related to transportation

1. congestion pricing 高峰期行车收费
2. crammed = full of things or people be crammed with
3. release tolling (通行费） scenarios （方案，设想） 公布通行费方案
4. ravamp 改进外观，翻新

Some collocations

1. one tried and true method 一种行之有效的方法
2. fizzzle out = to gradually become less successful and end in a disappointing way 虎头蛇尾
3. stall 暂缓，搁置 eg, stall for more than a decade
4. on the horizon = likely to happen soon, 很有可能发生 eg, a launch is on the horizon.
5. badly needs 急切需要
6. Jammed down the throat n 卡在喉咙里出不来， 指法案无法通过
7. liken sth/ sb to sth/sb 把什么比作什么 liken congestion pricing to double taxation for drivers.
8. appals = shock 惊骇，使大为震惊
9. think-tank 智囊团，专家小组（政治经济社会领域的）
10. chock-a-block 水泄不通

Nice sentence

1. Charing will discourage people from diving into crammed mid-town and down-town Manhattan, and help fund improvements to public transport.
2. In Singapore, London and Stockholm, which set up zones in 1975, 2003, and 2006 respectively, charing has cut traffic by about a quarter.
3. The law grants exceptions to emergency vehicles, people with disabilities and households in the zone whose income is $ 60,000 or less.
4. Congestion would shave $ 100 billion off the economy of the city and its suburbs.
5. New Yorkers forgo on average 102 hours a year due to traffic, or $ 16,00 in lost productivity.
6. Many people rely on cars because the borough(自治镇） is poorly served by public transport. 公共交通无法到达的城镇。
7. The area is plagued( =cause pain or trouble to sb/sth over a period of time) by air pollution and high asthma(哮喘） rates.
8. If the aim is to reduce congestion by getting more public transport, over night hours - when commuter lines to the suburs do not run - should be free. 我的理解是，如果这项举措的目的是减少拥堵并鼓励人们多搭乘交通工具，那么这个夜间的交通线路（地铁不运行的时候）应该免费。
9. Pricing works best if it can be easily adjusted.