你的胜利不是你一个人的，而是所有不愿意一辈子面对锅碗瓢盆的女孩子的榜样。

                                                                                      ——马哈维亚

电影《摔跤吧！爸爸》自5月份上映以来好评如潮。本片也是印度著名摔跤手马哈维亚·辛格·珀尕(Mahavir Singh Phogat)教授两个女儿摔跤的传记片。

如剧情呈现的那样，Geeta成了印度第一位女性摔跤运动员，并在2010年的英联邦运动会上夺得了女子52Kg重量级的金牌。

影片以“摔跤”——这项男性气息十足的运动为切入点，展现了印度女孩的生存境况。吉塔的胜利无疑让焦灼的观众得到了宽慰，但在痼疾深种的影片之外，印度女孩的胜利还有很长的路要走……

落后的教育

In a dim, windowless classroom at GMS Moradbas school in rural Haryana state in north India, 40 young girls in their dark blue uniforms crouch on the floor in four straight lines.

在印度北部农业大邦哈里亚纳邦的GMS Moradbas学校，一间昏暗、没有窗户的教室里，40个小女孩穿着深蓝色校服，笔直地排成四排蹲在地上。

Each is following a monotone reading by one of their classmates from a history book about one of India’s liberation heroes. Not a computer, let alone a desk is in sight.

所有人都跟着班上一名同学那一成不变的音调，朗读一本讲述一位印度民族解放英雄的历史书。教室里看不到一台电脑，甚至连课桌都没有。

Outside, beyond a field of yellow mustard seed and sparring goats, a new high-rise medical college rises above the mist on the edge of the town of Nuh, an hour’s drive from Gurgaon, a new city born out of India’s IT outsourcing boom.

教室外面，越过一片黄灿灿的芥菜籽田和一群正在顶犄角的山羊，一所崭新的高层医学院在努赫镇边界的薄雾中拔地而起。努赫距离诞生自印度IT外包热潮的新城古尔冈有一小时车程。

Of the 77 girls enrolled in the class only 40 are present today. And students are not the only absentees. Khurshid Ahmed, the headmaster, has just nine teachers for his 450 pupils.

这个班的花名册上共有77名女童，今天只来了40人。而学生们并非唯一的缺勤者。校长胡尔系德·艾哈迈德(Khurshid Ahmed)只为450名学生配备了9名教师。

Three of them are missing despite a system he has introduced to dock teachers’ pay for absenteeism – a penalty of about Rs400 ($8) a day.

尽管校长制定了一套惩罚制度，对缺勤教师扣工资，大约每日扣400印度卢比（合8美元），但仍有3名教师旷工。

Some children were unable to read after three years of schooling across the Hindi-speaking northern belt of the country, only 66 per cent of children enrolled in primary classes showed up, teaching activity was “abysmally low” and “mindless” rote learning the norm.

在印度北部说印地语的地区，一些儿童在接受3年的学校教育后仍不具备阅读能力，在报名入学的小学生中，只有66%上课，教学水平“低得可怕”，基本上就是“不动大脑”的死记硬背。

Indians receive on average 4.4 years of schooling. The ratio of students to teachers in Indian primary schools is three times higher than in China. A class in Bihar, one of the poorest states, can have as many as 92 pupils.

印度人的平均受教育年限为4.4年。印度小学的学生与教师比是中国的3倍。在印度最贫穷的比哈尔邦，一个班可能有多达92名学生。

Parents are turning to alternatives whether they are private schools of varying quality or charitable interventions.

父母们正转向其它选择，不是质量不等的私立学校，就是慈善学校。

The girls there are dropouts from state schools, or come from conservative families uncomfortable with their daughters being in coeducational, mainstream education.

那里的女学生都是从公立学校退学的，或是来自于那些受不了让他们的女儿接受男女混校的主流教育的保守家庭。

落后的教育之外是更严重的女婴堕胎以及童婚交易。两者并非是各自孤立的社会问题，越是欠缺教育的民众，越倾向于不尊重女性。

童婚之恶

In the Indian farming village of Medina, 200km from Delhi, the narrow lanes are clogged with high-end sport utility vehicles, reflecting the prosperity brought by rising land values to this traditional community.

在印度距离德里200公里一个叫做Medina的村子里，一条条狭窄的巷子里停满了高档SUV，尽显地价上涨给这个传统农村地区带来的繁荣景象。

But Medina’s families are also using their new wealth to acquire a scarce local commodity: teenage girls to act as wives for the community’s growing cohorts of unmarried men.

当地人家在富裕起来以后，也开始花钱去购买本地稀缺的一种商品：少女——给村里日益增多的一群光棍汉当老婆。

A shortage of young women arising from decades of aggressive use of sex-selective abortion in northern breadbasket states – including Haryana, where Medina is located – is prompting families to turn to the impoverished east to secure females.

在印度北方的主要产粮区，包括Medina所在的哈里亚纳邦，由于几十年来选择性堕胎现象极为泛滥，导致年轻女子稀缺，人们于是转从贫困的东部地区买女人。

“At first, people were ashamed of bringing wives from outside, but now they don’t care – they pay and they bring,” says Ram Niwas, 68. “A woman is a child-bearing machine. Her only work is to bear children and cook.”

“起初，人们还为娶外族女人感到羞愧，但现在他们不在乎了。他们付钱，然后把女人带回来。”68岁的拉姆·尼瓦斯(Ram Niwas)说道，“女人就是生孩子的机器，她们唯一的工作就是生孩子和做饭。”

Three years ago, Mr Niwas paid Rs80,000 to buy Suman, now 19, from Assam state for his 35-year-old son. While some girls are cast out after delivering and weaning a boy, Suman still lives in the household following the birth of her own, though says she is beaten when she displeases her in-laws.

3年前，尼瓦斯花8万卢比从阿萨姆邦给他35岁的儿子买了苏曼(Suman)。苏曼今年才19岁。一些生下男孩的女子，等到孩子断奶后就会被赶走，但苏曼生下儿子后仍然留在了这个家里。不过她说，每次惹公婆不高兴了，她就会挨打。

For Mr Niwas it has been a good deal. “A water buffalo is still more expensive than one of these girls,” he says.

对尼瓦斯来说，这是一笔顶划算的买卖。他说：“一头水牛还比这样的女孩贵呢。”

With the spread of ultrasound machines, what families in Haryana casually call “the wipeout” has become much easier. “The intensity of daughter aversion may reduce, but parents’ ability to act on that aversion is much higher now,” says Ena Singh of the UN Population Fund in Delhi.

随着B超的普及，哈里亚纳人所说的“消灭”变得轻而易举。“厌恶女儿的情绪或许有所减轻，但父母在这种厌恶情绪的驱使下采取行动的能力却大为提升。”联合国人口基金会(UNFPA)驻德里的伊娜·辛格(Ena Singh)如此表示。

Yet experts believe more fundamental changes to the status of Indian women – better education and job opportunities – are required to give greater value to daughters and reverse the trend. These shifts are beginning, though at a slow pace.

不过，专家们认为，必须对印度女性的地位进行更根本的改革，增加女性受教育和就业的机会，使女孩更加受重视，以扭转当前趋势。目前印度已逐渐出现这些转变。

词汇总结

crouch [kraʊtʃ]

v. 蹲；蹲伏

We were crouching in the bushes

我们蹲在树丛里

monotone [ˈmɒnətəʊn]

adj. （声音或外表）单调的，无变化的

He was seen on TV delivering platitudes about the crisis in a monotone voice.

人们看到他在电视上念经似地就危机问题老调重弹。

abysmally [ə'bɪzməlɪ]

adv. 极坏地；糟透地

I tried to convince them but I failed abysmally.我试图使他们信服，但是彻底失败了。

ultrasound ['ʌltrəsaʊnd]

n. 超声波

I had an ultrasound scan to see how the pregnancy was progressing.

我进行了超声波检查，看看妊娠情况如何。

考研长难句57~58

之后我会持续更新，如果喜欢我的文章，请记得一键三连哦，点赞关注收藏，你的每一个赞每一份关注每一次收藏都将是我前进路上的无限动力 ！！！↖(▔▽▔)↗感谢支持！