拉丁语翻译笔记 喀提林阴谋 (2)

背景、符号标记等见序言

5.1 L. Catilina, nobili genere natus, fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque.

洛：Lucius Catilina, scion of a noble family, had great vigor both of mind and of body, but an evil and depraved nature.

试：Lucius Catilina, born in a noble family, was with great strength of both mind and body, but an evil and distorted nature.

 

5.2 Huic ab adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere ibique iuventutem suam exercuit.

洛：From youth up he revelled in civil wars, murder, pillage, and political dissension, and amid these he spent his early manhood.

试：To this man, internal wars, slaughters, pillages, civil discords were pleasing from young age and he exercised his youth there.

 

5.3 Corpus patiens inediae, algoris, vigiliae supra quam cuiquam credibile est.

洛：His body could endure hunger, cold and want of sleep to an incredible degree;

试：His body, enduring starvation, cold and sleeplessness, was beyond what is credible to anyone.

 

5.4 Animus audax, subdolus, varius, cuius rei lubet simulator ac dissimulator, alieni adpetens, sui profusus, ardens in cupiditatibus; satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum.

洛：his mind was reckless, cunning, treacherous, capable of any form of pretence or concealment. Covetous of others’ possessions, he was prodigal of his own; he was violent in his passions. He possessed a certain amount of eloquence, but little discretion.

试：His mind was reckless, crafty and variegated, pleasing to be the pretender and concealer of anything, craving for other’s thing, lavish for his own, burning in desires; he had enough of eloquence, little wisdom.

思考：

1. 整句应是省略了esse动词，且似乎发生了主语变化。

2. cuius rei...分句中cuius应按不定代词理解。libet(libut)不好理解，语法结构也不清晰？

5.5 Vastus animus inmoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta semper cupiebat.

洛：His disordered mind ever craved the monstrous, incredible, gigantic.

试：His empty soul always desired other unbound, incredible things very much.

 

5.6 Hunc [post dominationem L. Sullae] lubido (maxuma) invaserat (rei publicae capiundae); neque {id [quibus modis] adsequeretur, [dum sibi regnum pararet]}, quicquam (pensi) habebat.

洛：After the domination of Lucius Sulla the man had been seized with a mighty desire of getting control of the government, recking little by what manner he should achieve it, provided he made himself supreme.

试：After the dominion of Lucius Sulla, the extreme desire of controlling the country possessed this man; nor he had any regard that by what manners he would attain it provided that he prepared supremacy for himself.

思考：

1. id(n.c)指代上个分句中的rei publicae capiundae。

2. neque id...至句尾的语法分析应该如上，宾语从句中又嵌套了一个条件句。

3. 条件句两个分句中的动词都是sj..3..imp，暗示了与现在事实相反。

 

5.7 Agitabatur magis magisque in dies animus ferox inopia rei familiaris et conscientia scelerum, quae utraque iis artibus auxerat, quas supra memoravi.

洛：His haughty spirit was goaded more and more every day by poverty and a sense of guilt, both of which he had augmented by the practices of which I have already spoken.

试：His haughty soul was driven more and more everyday by the lack of family property and the conscience of guilt, which he had increased both by the ways that I had mentioned above.

 

5.8 Incitabant praeterea corrupti civitatis mores, quos pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, vexabant.

洛：He was spurred on, also, by the corruption of the public morals, which were being ruined by two great evils of an opposite character, extravagance and avarice.

试：Moreover, the corrupted morals of citizens excited him, which the worst and mutually opposite evil, extravagance and greed, shook.

思考：

1. 从动词的含义和性质看，主句省略了宾语，此种情况极易导致误判。

 

5.9 Res (ipsa) hortari videtur, [quoniam de moribus civitatis tempus admonuit], {[supra] repetere ac [paucis] instituta (maiorum) (domi militiaeque), (quo modo rem publicam habuerint) {quantamque reliquerint}, [ut [paulatim] (inmutata) [ex pulcherruma atque optuma pessuma ac flagitiosissuma] facta sit], disserere}.

洛：Since the occasion has arisen to speak of the morals of our country, the nature of my theme seems to suggest that I go farther back and give a brief account of the institutions of our forefathers in peace and in war, how they governed the commonwealth, how great it was when they bequeathed it to us, and how by gradual changes it has ceased to be the noblest and best, and has become the worst and most vicious.

试：Since the occasion warned about the morals of citizens, the subject itself seems to encourage me, to return back and discuss our ancestors’ principles of peace and war, with a few words by which they built the country, and how great it was they left, that it was changed gradually from the most beautiful, the best, to the worst, the most shameful.

思考：

1. 主句中hortari与5.7中情况相同，省略了宾语。

2. 笔者认为把quo...habuerint和quantamque reliquerint...当作并列的分句来处理可能更符合英语的习惯。尽管原句中对quo modo（即instituta）的强调意味可能更重，但这样翻译可以更好地表现ut引导的结果状语从句，这个结果从句强调的是quantam。

3. 这一整句可能是本文自开头以来最耀眼的一句：整体层次鲜明，特别是ex pulcherruma...ac flagtitossisuma的类十字配列结构，极大地突出了对比的戏剧性。为了迎合整句的美感翻译有微调。

 

段落大意 (5)：

路奇乌斯·喀提林生于名门，有着出众的智力和体格，心中充满了对权力的野心。而他所处的这个时代，这个社会，也充斥着奢侈和贪婪的不正之风，与这个国家过往的样貌大相径庭。

 

6.1 Urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Troiani, qui Aenea duce profugi sedibus incertis vagabantur, cumque iis Aborigines, genus hominum agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, liberum atque solutum.

洛：The city of Rome, according to my understanding, was at the outset founded and inhabited by Trojans, who were wandering about in exile under the leadership of Aeneas and had no fixed abode; they were joined by the Aborigines, a rustic folk, without laws or government, free and unrestrained.

试：As I approved, Trojans built and held the Rome city, who wandered in exile, without fixed home, with Aeneas as leader, and Aborigines were with them, a rustic people without laws or government, free and unbound.

 

6.2 Hi postquam in una moenia convenere, dispari genere, dissimili lingua, alii alio more viventes, incredibile memoratu est, quam facile coaluerint: ita brevi multitudo dispersa atque vaga concordia civitas facta erat.

洛：After these two peoples, different in race, unlike in speech and mode of life, were united within the same walls, they were merged into one with incredible facility, so quickly did harmony change a heterogeneous and roving band into a commonwealth.

试：Afterwards, these men united in one town, with unlike race, dissimilar language, some living with others of different customs, it is incredible to mention how easily they grow together then: the scattered crowd and the wandering union had become a state.

 

6.3 Sed postquam res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta satis prospera satisque pollens videbatur, sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur, invidia ex opulentia orta est.

洛：But when this new community had grown in numbers, civilization, and territory, and was beginning to seem amply rich and amply strong, then, as is usual with mortal affairs, prosperity gave birth to envy.

试：But after the business of citizens, customs and lands seemed fairly increased, quite favourable and strong, just as the most people have, envy rose from opulence.

 

6.4 Igitur reges populique finitumi bello temptare, pauci ex amicis auxilio esse; nam ceteri metu perculsi a periculis aberant.

洛：As a result, neighbouring kings and peoples made war upon them, and but few of their friends lent them aid; for the rest were smitten with fear and stood aloof from the danger.

试：Therefore, neighbouring kings and people assailed them with war, the only help was from a few of their friends; for the rest struck by fear, were away from the dangers.

思考：

1. 第一个分句中的谓语都是历史不定式。

2. auxilio esse是整体与格，支配它的是pauci。整体与格强调的是属有这一事实，翻译尝试用修饰词来体现。

 

6.5 At Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare, parare, alius alium hortari, hostibus obviam ire, libertatem, patriam parentisque armis tegere. Post, ubi pericula virtute propulerant, sociis atque amicis auxilia portabant magisque dandis quam accipiundis beneficiis amicitias parabant.

洛：But the Romans, putting forth their whole energy at home and in the field, made all haste, got ready, encouraged one another, went to meet the foe, and defended their liberty, their country, and their parents by arms. Afterwards, when their prowess had averted the danger, they lent aid to their allies and friends, ans established friendly relations rather by conferring than by accepting favours.

试：But Romans, strained to peace and war, hastened themselves,got ready, encouraged one another, went to meet the enemies, defended liberty, country and parents by arms.Afterwards, when they had driven away dangers by courage, they brought help to allies and friends and they got friendship more by giving favours than by accepting.

 

6.6 Imperium legitumum, nomen imperi regium habebant. Delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientia validum erat, rei publicae consultabant; hi vel aetate vel curae similitudine patres appellabantur.

洛：They had a constitution founded upon law, which was in name a monarchy; a chosen few, whose bodies were enfeebled by age but whose mind were fortified with wisdom, took counsel for the welfare of the state. These were called Fathers, by reason either of their age or of the similarity of their duties.

试：They made the dominion fixed by law, the name of kings’ dominion. The chosen ones, for whom body was weak in ages, mind was strong with wisdom, deliberated for public affair; these men were called fathers either for the age or for the likeness of concern.

 

6.7 Post, ubi regium imperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis atque augendae rei publicae fuerat, in superbiam dominationemque se convortit, inmutato more annua imperia binosque imperatores sibi fecere: eo modo minume posse putabant per licentiam insolescere animum humanum.

洛：Later, when the rule of the kings, which at first had tended to preserve freedom and advance the state, had degenerated into a lawless tyranny, they altered their form of government and appointed two rulers with annual power, thinking that this device would prevent men’s minds from growing arrogant through unlimited authority.

试：Afterwards, when kings’ dominion, which had been for preserving liberty and enriching public wealth in the beginning, it made itself completely turn into haughtiness and tyranny, with customs changed, they made two rulers for themselves with yearly dominion: they thought in that way human mind could least grow insolent through uncontrolled power.

段落大意 (6)：

特洛伊人的后代与部分拉丁姆当地人共同建立了罗马。罗马人习惯于主动迎敌，用援助建立同盟关系。罗马最初的统治体制是王政，其中有若干致力于国家事务的元老。当王政堕落为阻碍国家的暴政时，元老们代之为一种两位统治者统治一年的制度。

7.1 Sed ea tempestate coepere se quisque magis extollere magisque ingenium in promptu habere.

洛：Now at that time every man began to lift his head higher and to have his talents more in readiness.

试：But at that time, everyone began to raise himself up more and have his talent more in readiness.

 

7.2 Nam regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt semperque iis aliena virtus formidulosa est.

洛：For kings hold the good in greater suspicion than wicked, and to them the merit of others is always fraught with danger;

试：For good men are more suspected than the bad for kings, and other’s excellence is always terrifying to them.

 

7.3 Sed civitas incredibile memoratu est adepta libertate quantum brevi creverit; tanta cupido gloriae incesserat.

洛：still the free state, once liberty was won, waxed incredibly strong and great in a remarkably short time, such was the thirst for glory that had filled men’s minds.

试：But it is incredible to mention with liberty obtained, how great the state would grow up in a short time; such desire of glory had moved forwards.

思考：

1. 洛译似乎将quantum理解为修饰brevi的副词，笔者认为也可理解为creverit的宾语？

 

7.4 Iam primum iuventus, simul ac belli patiens erat, in castris per laborem usum militiae discebat magisque in decoris armis et militaribus equis quam in scortis atque conviviis lubidinem habebant.

洛：To begin with, as soon as the young men could endure the hardships of war, they were taught a soldier’s duties in camp under a vigorous discipline, and they took more pleasure in handsome arms and war horses than in harlots and revelry.

试：For the beginning, a young men, as soon as he was able to endure war, studied the military skill in camp through labour, and they had more desire in beautiful arms and war horses than in harlots and banquets.

 

7.5 Igitur talibus viris non labor insolitus, non locus ullus asper aut arduus erat, non armatus hostis formidulosus: virtus omnia domuerat.

洛：To such men consequently no labour was unfamiliar, no region too rough or too steep, no armed foeman was terrible; valour was all in all.

试：Therefore to such men, no labour was unusual, not any place was rough or difficult, no armed enemy was terrifying: courage conquered everything.

 

7.6 Sed gloriae maxumum certamen inter ipsos erat: se quisque hostem ferire, murum ascendere, conspici, dum tale facinus faceret, properabat. Eas divitias, eam bonam famam magnamque nobilitatem putabant. Laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant, gloriam ingentem, divitias honestas volebant.

洛：Nay, their hardest struggle for glory was with one another; each man strove to be first to strike down the foe, to scale a wall, to be seen of all while doing such a deed. This they considered riches, this fair fame and high nobility. It was praise they coveted, but they were lavish of money; their aim was unbounded renown, but only such riches as could be gained honourably.

试：But the greatest contest for glory was between each other: each one hastened to slay the enemy, climb up the wall and catch others’ attention by himself, until he made such deed done.They thought that as wealth, good fame and great nobility. With the eager for praise, they were liberal with money, wanted great glory, honourable wealth.

 

7.7 Memorare possum, {quibus in locis maxumas hostium copias populus Romanus parva manu fuderit}, {quas urbis natura munitas pugnando ceperit}, [ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret].

洛：I might name the battlefields on which the Romans with a mere handful of men routed great armies of their adversaries, and the cities fortified by nature which they took by assault, were it not that such a theme would carry me too far from my subject.

试：I can relate in which places Roman people scattered enemy army in rout with a few men, which cities fortified by nature Roman people conquered by fighting, if not that subject could drag me away from the beginning.

思考：

1. 语法分析如上。间接话语中有2个宾语从句，它们的谓语都用虚拟式。

 

段落大意 (7)：

当时的罗马人愿意展露自己的才能。他们热衷于从军打仗的荣耀，对其中的辛苦不以为意，而不想现在这般沉迷酒色。因此当时的罗马常在战争中取胜。

8.1 Sed profecto fortuna in omni re dominatur; ea res cunctas ex lubidine magis quam ex vero celebrat obscuratque.

洛：But beyond question Fortune holds sway everywhere. It is she that makes all events famous or obscure according to her caprice rather than in accordance with the truth.

试：But actually fortune is the master in everything: she made all things well-known or obscure more by he will than by truth.

 

8.2 Atheniensium res gestae, sicuti ego aestumo, satis amplae magnificaeque fuere, verum aliquanto minores tamen, quam fama feruntur.

洛：The acts of the Athenians, in my judgement, were indeed great and glorious enough, but nevertheless somewhat less important than fame represents them.

试：The exploits of Athenians, just as I estimate, were great and splendid enough, in truth, however, less important to some degree than their fame asserts.

思考：

1. verum aliquanto...这一分句的谓语是fuere，而不应是后句的feruntur。

 

8.3 Sed quia provenere ibi scriptorum magna ingenia, per terrarum orbem Atheniensium facta pro maxumis celebrantur.

洛：But because Athens produced writers of exceptional talent, the exploits of the men of Athens are heralded throughout the world as unsurpassed.

试：But because the great talent of writers arose then, Athenians’ deeds were advertised as the greatest throughout the world.

 

8.4 Ita eorum, qui fecere, virtus tanta habetur, quantum eam verbis potuere extollere praeclara ingenia.

洛：Thus the merit of those who did the deeds is rated as high as brilliant minds have been able to exalt the deeds themselves by words of praise.

试：Therefore, the excellence of them, who made those deeds, is kept as much as writers’ splendid talent could raise up with words.

 

8.5 At populo Romano numquam ea copia fuit, quia prudentissumus quisque maxume negotiosus erat: ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat, optumus quisque facere quam dicere, sua ab aliis benefacta laudari quam ipse aliorum narrare malebat.

洛：But the Roman people never had that advantage, since their ablest were always most engaged with affairs; their minds were never employed apart from their bodies; the best citizen preferred action to words, and thought that his own brave deeds should be lauded by others rather than that theirs should be recounted by him.

试：But for Roman people that was never plenty, because the most experienced one was as busy as possible: nobody exercised the mind without body, the best one preferred to do rather than speak, his well-done deeds to be praised by others rather than tell the same of others.

段落大意 (8)：
然而，在命运的主宰下，记述往往不能完全如实反映历史的原貌。希腊人的声名不无得益于他们中优秀的作家，而罗马人务实的天性使他们不谙此道。