Namaste！ 《经典梵语教学120课》第二课的梵英对照出炉了（不含独白）！欢迎学者和梵语爱好者指教~

Lesson 2

नमो नम: Namo namaha 

Greetings

संसृ त भाषा शि कणेभवताम्सागतं। sanskrita 

bhaashaa shikshaNe bhavathaam swagatham

Welcome to all to the Sanskrit language class

संसृ तेन कथम्प रि चय: पापव: इ ति भवत: सवेपू रवतन पाठ एव

जातवन: । sanskritena katham parichayaha 

praapthavyaha iti bhavataha sarve poorvatana 

paata eva gnyaathavantaha

You already learnt how to get introduced in 

Sanskrit during your last lesson.

अध अन कमेण अ पि प रि चयस अनेशाम पि अभासं वयं कु रम: 

। adhya anya krameNa api parichayasya 

anyeshaamapi abhyaasam vayam kurmaha

Today, let us practise introducing in other ways 

also.

अहं वि शास: । aham vishwasaha

I am Vishwas

भवान्क: ? Bhavaan kaha?

Who are you? (Male)

भवती का? Bhavathi kaa?

Who are you? (Female)

उतमम्। uttamam

Good.

अहम् शि कक: aham shikshakaha

I am [a] teacher.

भवान्क: bhavaan kaha?

Who are you? (Male)

अहम्छाता aham chaatrha

I am a student

अहम्अ धि वका aham adivakthaa

I am an advocate

भवती का bhavathi kaa?

Who are you? (Female)

अहम्छाता aham chaThraa

I am a student.

अहम्अ भि नेती aham abhinetri

I am an actress.

अहम्तनजा aham tantragnyaa 

I am a technologist/engineer

अहम्गृहीणी aham gruhiNi

I am a housewife

अहं शि कि का aham shikshikaa

I am a teacher (female)

अहम्सै नि का aham sainikaa

I am a soldier

अहम्युवक: aham yuvakaha

I am a youth.

मम नाम, अहं एतत्वाक धयम्योज यि ता वयम्परीचयं वदाम: । 

mama naama, aham yetat vaakya dwayam 

yojayitava vayam parichayam vadaamaha

Let us append these two phrases “My name, I am” 

and introduce ourselves

अ ति वा सुखेन प रि चयं वदाम: ।

ativaa suKena parichayam vadaamaha

With great happiness, let us tell the introductions.

यथा, मम नाम वि शास: । अहम् शि कक: ।

yataa, mama naama Vishwasaha | aham 

shikshakaha | 

Like: My name is Vishwas. I am a teacher.

एतेन कमेण भवत: वदनु।

Yetena krameNa bhavathaha vadantu |

In this manner, you all say in order.

भवान्वदतु।

bhavaan vadatu |

You tell!

मम नाम सुदीर: अहम्छात: । mama naama sudiraha, 

aham chatraha

I am Sudhir; I am a student.

मम नाम महादेवी अहं शि कि का । mama naama 

mahaadevi, aham shikshikaa

I am Mahadevi; I am a teacher.

मम नाम राजलकी अहम्न रथकी । mama naama 

raajalakshmi, aham nartaki

My name is Rajalakshmi; I am a dancer.

मम नाम कु सुमा अहम्गा यि का mama naama kusuma, 

aham gaayikaa

My name is Kusuma. I am a singer.

वैधा vaidhyaa Doctor

बा लि का baalikaa Little girl 

कृ षि क: krushikaha Farmer

क रमकार: karmakaaraha Blacksmith

पाचक: paachakaha Cook

स: छात: वा ? saha chatraha vaa? 

Is he a student?

आम्, स: छाता । aam, saha chatraha 

Yes, he is a student.

तत्कृ ष फलकं वा? tat krishNa palakam vaa? 

Is that a blackboard?

आम्, तत्कृ ष फलकं । aam, tat krishNa palakam 

Yes, that is a blackboard.

सा तनजा वा? saa tantragnyaa vaa? 

Is she a technologist/engineer?

आं, सा तनजा । aam, saa tantragnyaa 

Yes, she is a technologist/engineer.

स: वैध: वा? saha vaidhyaha vaa? 

Is he a doctor?

न, स: वैध: न । na, saha vaidhyaha na. 

No, he is not a doctor.

न, स: वैध: न । na, saha vaidhyaha na.

No, he is not a doctor.

एतत्फलं वा? yetat palam vaa? Is this [a] fruit?

आं, तत्फलं। aam, tat palam Yes, that is a fruit.

एतत्फे नकम्वा? yetat penakam vaa Is this soap?

एतत्उपनेतं वा? yetat upanetram vaa

Is this [a pair of] spectacles?

एतत्पुसकं वा? yetat pustakam vaa Is this a book?

तत्कङ्कतं। tat kankatam Is this a comb?

दि नकर: अ धि वका वा? dinakaraha adivaktaa vaa?

Is Dinakar an advocate?

आं दि नकर: अ धि वका । aam, dinakaraha adivaktaa

Yes, Dinakar is an advocate.

छ नि का अ भि नेती वा? chandrikaa abhinetri vaa? 

Is Chandrika an actor?

न, छ नि का अ भि नेती न । na, chandrikaa abhinetri na

No, Chandrika is not an actor.

दुष: dushtaha Wicked (person)

सजन: sajjanaha Good (people) 

संसृ तंसरलम्वा? sanskritam saralam vaa? 

Is Sanskrit simple?

संसृ तं मधुरम्वा? sanskritam maduram vaa? 

Is Sanskrit sweet?

संसृ तं मधुरम्वा? sanskritam maduram vaa? 

Is Sanskrit sweet?

सतम्संसृ तं मधुरं satyam, sanskritam maduram 

True, Sanskrit is sweet.

इदानीम्अहम्वदामी idaanim aham vadaami 

Now I shall say.

भवत: अ पि अ भि नयं कु रवनु। bhavataha api abhinayam kurvantu 

You too show by acting it out.

तस नाम उदयन: । tasya naama udayanaha 

His name is Udayana. (for someone who is farther away)

तस नाम िकं ? tasya naama kim? What is his name?

कस नाम इनुशेखर: ? kasya naama indushekaraha 

Whose name is Indushekara?

तसा: नाम शीलकी: । tasyaaha naama shrilakshmihi 

Her name is Srilakshmi.

एतस नाम सुधीर: । etasya naama sudiraha 

His name is Sudhir. (for someone who is nearby)

एतसा: नाम राजलकी । etasyaaha naama rajalakshmihi 

Her name is Rajalakshmi.

एतस नाम िकं ? etasya naama kim? 

तस नाम िकं ? tasya naama kim? 

What is his name? (near and farther way)

एतसा: नाम िकं ? etasyaaha naama kim? 

तसा: नामिकं ? tasyaaha naama kim? What is her name? (near and farther away)

िकं ? tasyaaha naama kim? What is her name? 

(near and farther away)

सुधीरस घटी । sudirasya ghati Sudhir’s watch.

कस घटी ? kasya ghati? Whose watch?

कस ना सि का? kasya naasikaa? Whose nose?

कस क रण: ? kasya karNaha? Whose ear?

गीताया: घटी । gitaayaha ghati Geetha’s watch

कसा: कङ्कणं? kasyaaha kankaNam? Whose bracelet?

कसा: सूत: ? kasyaaha syutaha? 

Whose handbag?

कसा: करवसम्? kasyaaha kara vastram? 

Whose handkerchief?

उ ति षतु, दधातु। uttishtatu, dadaatu Stand up, give

कसा: कु ञि का? शानलाया: कु ञि का । 

kasyaaha kunchikaa? Shantalayaha kunchika 

Whose key? Shantala’s key.

सा देवी । saa devi She is Devi.

देवा: नाम सरसवती । devyaaha naama saraswati 

The Goddess’ name is Saraswati

देवा: नाम कि म्? devyaaha naama kim? 

What is the Goddess’ name?

एषा न रतकी । esha nartaki She is a dancer.

आभूषणम् aabhooshaNam Jewels

कसा: आभूषणम्? kasyaaha aabhooshaNam? Whose 

आभूषणम् aabhooshaNam Jewels

कसा: आभूषणम्? kasyaaha aabhooshaNam? 

Whose jewels?

न रतका: आभूषणम्। nartakyaaha aabhooshaNam

Dancer’s jewels

कससा: कण हार: ? गृ हि णा:कणहार: । kasyaaha kaNta 

haaraha? gruhiNyaaha kaNtahaaraha

Whose necklace? Housewife’s necklace.

पुसकस नाम िकं ? pustakasya naama kim?

What is the name of the book?

पुसकस नाम शीमद्भगवदीता । 

pustakasya naama Srimad Bhagawat Gita 

Book’s name is Srimad Bhagawat Gita

कावस नाम शी भा रगव रागवीयम्।

kaavyasya naama Shri bhaargava raaghaveeyam 

Poem’s name is Sri Bhaargava Raaghaveeyam

असाकं देशस नाम िकं ? असाकं देशस नाम भारतम्।

asmaakam deshasya naama kim? asmaakam deshasya naama bharatam

What is our country’s name? Our country’s name is Bhaarath.

शि ककस नाम िकं ? शि ककस नाम वि शास: ।

shikshakasya naama kim? shikshakasya naama vishwasaha

What is the teacher’s name? The teacher’s name is Vishwas.

उदयन: udayanaha Udhayana 

उदयनसudhayanasya Udhayana’s

सुधीर: sudhiraha सुधीरस sudhirasya

गीता gitaa Geethaa गीताया: gitaayaha 

Geethaa’s 

पि या priya पि याया: priyaayaha

राजेशरी rajeshwari राजेश रया: rajeshwaryaaha

शीलकी shrilakshmi शीलका: shrilakshmyaaha 

एवम्रपा णि भव ति । evam roopaNi bhavati

Thus, these are the forms of nouns and possessions

वयम्इदानीम्एकं अभासम्कु रम: । 

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

We shall now perform one exercise. 

रम: अ सि । ramaha asti | सवेरामस वद नि । sarve ramasya vadanti

[I shall say] “Rama is [here]” You all say “Rama’s”

कृ ष: कृ षस । krishnaha krishnasya

बाबुलाल: बाबुलालस । babulaalaha babulaalasya

रामाननस raamaanandasya

राधेशामस raadheshyamasya

लेखक: lekhakaha लेखकस lekhakasya Writer

पुसकं pustakam पुसकस pustakasya Book

लेखक: lekhakaha लेखकस lekhakasya Writer

पुसकं pustakam पुसकस pustakasya Book

फलं phalam फलस phalasya Fruit

पुषम् pushpam पुषस pushpasya Flower

म नि रम् mandiram म नि रस mandirasya 

Home/Temple 

नगरम् nagaram नगरस nagarasya City

सीता sita सीताया: sitaayaha

राधा radha राधाया: radhaayaha

…

प ति का प ति काया: patrikaa patrikaayaha 

letter, letter’s

गंगा गंगाया: ganga gangaayaha

शारदा sharada शारदाया: sharadaayaha

भारती bhaarati भारता: bhaaratyaha

न दि nadi नदा: nadyaha 

river, river’s

लेख नि lekhani लेखना: lekhanyaha 

pen, pen’s 

रा कि rakhi राका: rakhyaha

अङ्कनी ankani अङ्कना: ankanyaha 

pencil, pencil’s 

बह स मि चि नं। bahu samichinam

Very good.

राम: दशरतस पुत: । ramaha dasaratasya putraha 

राम: कस पुत: ? ramaha kasya putraha?

Rama is Dasarathaa’s son. Whose son is Rama?

कृ ष: वसुदेवस पुत: । krishnaha vasudevasya putraha 

कृ ष: वसुदेवस पुत: । krishnaha vasudevasya putraha 

कृ ष: कस पुत:? Krishnaha kasya putraha?

राम: सीताया: प ति : । ramaha sitaayaaha patihi 

राम: कसा: प ति : ? ramaha kasyaaha patihi?

Rama is Sita’s husband? Whose husband is Rama?

लकण: ऊ रमि ळाया: प ति : । lakshmanaha urmilaayaha 

patihi लकण: कसा: प ति : ? lakshmanaha kasyaha patihi?

कृ ष: र कि णा: प ति : । krishnaha rukminyaaha 

patihi कृ ष: कसा: प ति :? krishnaha kasyaaha patihi?

…

दि ली भारतस राजधानी । dilli bharatasya raajadhaani

दि ली कस राजधानी ? dilli kasya rajadhaani?

Delhi is Bhaarath’s (India’s) capital. 

Which [country’s] capital is Delhi?

…

वालीकी: रामायणस लेखक: । 

valmikihi ramayanasya lekhakaha 

वालीकी: कस लेखक: ?

valmikihi kasya lekhakaha?

Valmiki is Ramayana’s author. 

Which [literary work’s] author is Valmiki?

…

उतमम्। uttamam Good.

वयम्इदानीम्एकम्अभासं कु रम: । 

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

वयम्इदानीम्एकम्अभासं कु रम: । 

vayam idaanim ekam abhyaasam kurmaha

We will now do one exercise.

अहं एकं कोषकम्द रशया मि । 

aham ekam koshtakam darshayami

I will display one chart.

सवेअभासम्कु रम: । sarve abhyaasam kurmaha

All of you participate in the exercise.

दशरतस पुत: राम: । dasaratasya putraha ramaha 

Dasaratha’s son is Raama. 

…

रघुवंशस लेखक: का लि दास: ।

raghuvamshasya lekhakaha kaalidaasaha Raghuvamsa’s authour is Kaalidaasaa.

सीताया: प ति : राम: । sitaayaha patihi raamaha

Sita’s husband is Raama.

Respectful Address (vocative case)

गांधी gandhi गांधी महोदस । 

gandhi mahodasya

रेणु reNu रेणुमहोदयाया: । 

reNu mahodayaayaha

गांधी gandhi गांधी महाभागस ।

gandhi mahabhagasya

रेणु reNu रेणुमहाभागया: । 

reNu mahabhaagayaha

वयम्अधा पि एकस सुभा शि तस अभासं कु रम: । 

vayam adhyaapi ekasya subhashitasya abhyasam 

वयम्अधा पि एकस सुभा शि तस अभासं कु रम: । 

vayam adhyaapi ekasya subhashitasya abhyasam kurmaha

Just now, we will practise a Subhaashitham (benevolent speech)

भवत: इदानीम्सुभा शि तंशननु। 

bhavataha idaanim subhashitam shrunvantu

You now listen to a Subhaashitham.

अयम् नि ज: परो वे ति गणना लघुचेतसां। 

ayam nijaha paro veti gaNana laguchetasaam

“This person is mine, he is another” consider the low-minded

उदार च रि तानाम्तुवसुदैव कुटुमकं ॥ 

udaara charitaanaam tu vasudhaiva kutumbakam

For the noble-minded, universe is their family.

इदानी सुभा शि तंशनन: तस अ रथ: एवम्अ सि । 

idaanim subhashitam shrunvantah। tasya arthaha evam asti

The meaning for the Subhaashitham you now 

listened to is like this.

लोके दि वि दा: जना: भव नि । loke dwiwidaha janaaha bhavanti 

There are two types of people in the world.

के चना लगुमनस: kechana lagu manaskaha

Some have small hearts/minds.

ते चि नय नि , "एष: मम जना:, एष: मम जना: न " इ ति चि नय नि। 

te chintayanti “eshaha mama janaha, eshaha mama janaha na” iti chintayanti। 

te chintayanti “eshaha mama janaha, eshaha mama janaha na” iti chintayanti

They think “these are our people, these are not our people.” In this manner, they think.

अनेके चना स नि महातान: anye kechana santi mahaatmaanaha

Some others have large hearts/minds.

उदार च रि त: । udaara charitaha

They are noble-minded.

ते चि नय नि “जगत्एव मम कुटुम: लगुकुटुम: । 

te chintayanti “jagat eva mama kutumbahalagu kutumbaha

They think, “The entire world is our family, a small family”

तेषां धृषा समग्: पपंच: एव मम कुटुम: । 

teshaam drishtyaa samagraha prapanchaha eva mama kutumbaha

Their outlook is: all the universe is our family.

सजन: एवम् चि ननं कु रव नि । sajjanaaha evam chintanam kurvanti

Righteous people think in this manner.

धनवाद: । dhanyavaadaha !

Thank you!