LP4 超现实写作的《紫色》
★★★★☆
题型优先级判定：
1. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the letters from Nettie to Celie? 态度，定位到可以先做
2. In the second paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with 段落主旨，等同于短文章主旨，可以先做
3. According to the passage, an evaluative paradigm that confronts the startling structural features of The Color Purple would accomplish which of the following? 直接细节信息题，边读边做，遇到就解
4. The author of the passage suggests that Gates is most like the reviewers mentioned in the first paragraph in which of the following ways? 间接细节信息题+态度，虽然有定位，但是难题，最后做
文章分析（板书来自武汉Sugar老师）：
长文章也可以讲的很舒服。不然学生难受你也难受。
第一段：
①Despite winning several prestigious literary awards of the day, when it first appeared, Alice Walker’s The Color Purple generated critical unease over puzzling aspects of its compositions. [CJ1] ② In what[CJ2] , as one reviewer put it, was “clearly intended to be a realistic novel,” many reviewers perceived violations of the conventions of the realistic novel form, pointing out variously that late in the book, the narrator protagonist [CJ3] Celie and her friends are propelled toward a happy ending with more velocity than credibility, that the letters from Nettie to her sister Celie intrude into the middle of the main action with little motivation or warrant, and that the device of Celie’s letters to God is especially unrealistic in as much [CJ4] as it forgoes the concretizing[CJ5] details that traditionally have given the epistolary novel (that is, a novel composedof letters) its peculiar verisimilitude: the ruses to enable mailing letters, the cache, and especially the letters received in return.
[CJ1]现象解释
[CJ2]指代compositions/ critical unease
[CJ3]/prə'tæɡənɪst/ 主人公
[CJ4]由于，因为
[CJ5]使具体化
ruse 计策
1 可做
1.The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the letters from Nettie to Celie? 读完一段可做，本质是结构题
A. They mark an unintended shift to geographically and culturally removed surroundings 无关
B. They may represent a conscious attempt to undermine certain novelistic conventions
C. They are more closely connected to the main action of the novel than is at first apparent相反/没有证据
D. They owe more to the tradition of the slave narrative than do Celie’s letters to God没有证据/无关
E. They illustrate the traditional concretizing details of the epistolary novel form 无关
第二段
①Indeed, the violations of realistic convention are so flagrant that they might well call into question whether The Color of Purple is indeed intended to be a realistic novel, especially since there are indications that at least some of those aspects of the novel regarded by viewers as puzzling may constitutes its links to modes of writing other than Anglo-European nineteenth-century realism. ②For example, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., has recently located the letters to God within an African American tradition deriving from slave narrative, a tradition in which the act of writing is linked to a powerful deity who “speaks” through scripture and bestows literacy as an act of grace. ③For Gates, the concern with finding a voice, which he sees as the defining feature of African American literature, links Celie’s letters with certain narrative aspects of Zora Neale Hurston’s 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the acknowledged predecessor of The Color Purple.
的确，这种违背如此明显，让人很难认为这是一本现实主义小说，特别是里面至少有些方面跟那些非现实主义作品还挺有联系的。
举例的部分先不着急，有考再回来看。
有了第二段主旨，2 可做
2. In the second paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. examining the ways in which The Color Purple echoes its acknowledged predecessor, Their Eyes Were Watching God 在例子里，以偏概全，无关
B. providing an example of a critic who has adequately addressed the structural features of The Color Purple 可以做备选，也是个干扰项。但最终没有证据/无关，例子不是重点。
C. suggesting that literary models other than the nineteenth-century realistic novel may inform our understanding of The Color Purple 顺承段落关系
D. demonstrating the ineffectiveness of a particularly scholarly attempt to suggest an alternative way of evaluating The Color Purple 没有证据
E. disputing the perceived notion that The Color Purple departs from conventions of the realistic novel form 相反
第三段
①Gates’s paradigm suggests how misleading it may be to assume that mainstream realist criteria are appropriate for evaluating The Color Purple. ②But in his preoccupation with voice as a primary element unifying both the speaking subject and the text as a whole Gates does not elucidate many of the more conventional structural features of Walker’s novel. ③For instance, while the letters from Nettie clearly illustrate Nettie’s acquisition of her own voice, Gates’s focus on “voice” sheds little light on the place that these letters occupy in the narrative or on why the plot takes this sudden jump into geographically and culturally removed surroundings. ④What is needed is an evaluative paradigm that, rather than obscuring such startling structural features (which may actually be explicitly intended to undermine traditional Anglo-European novelistic conventions), confronts them, thus illuminating the deliberately provocative ways in which The Color Purple departs from the traditional models to which it has been compared.
elucidate 阐明，解释
3可做
3. According to the passage, an evaluative paradigm that confronts the startling structural features of The Color Purple would accomplish which of the following? 直接细节信息题
A. It would adequately explain why many reviewers of this novel have discerned its connections to the realistic novel tradition 没有证据
B. It would show the ways in which this novel differs from its reputed Anglo-European nineteenth-century models
C. It would explicate the overarching role of voice in this novel 没有证据/相反
D. It would address the ways in which this novel echoes the central themes of Hurston’s Their Eyes Are Watching God 无关
E. It would reveals ways in which these structural features serve to parody novelistic conventions 没有证据/相反
overarching: comprehensive, all-enbracing
最后啃4，作者认为Gates怎么看第一段的reviewers
reviewers认为这不是一本现实主义小说
Gates通过主流标准找到了证据，但是有些地方他也说不明白
作者认为要换个角度。
4. The author of the passage suggests that Gates is most like the reviewers mentioned in the first paragraph in which of the following ways? 间接细节信息题+态度
A. He points out discrepancies between The Color Purple and other traditional epistolary novels 没有证据
B. He sees the concern with finding a voice as central to both The Color Purple and Their Eyes Are Watching God 没有证据/无关，不是相同点
C. He assumes that The Color Purple is intended to be a novel primarily in the tradition of Anglo-American nineteenth-century realism 相反
D. He does not address many of the unsettling structural features of The Color Purple 对应三段④句
E. He recognizes the departure of The Color Purple from traditional Anglo-European realistic novel conventions. 相反
背景拓展：
艾丽斯·沃克(Alice Walker)，女，普利策奖得主、小说家、诗人和社会运动人士，她在作品中反映黑人妇女为自身权利而奋斗，获得广大的回响。《紫色》1983年一举拿下代表美国文学最高荣誉的三大奖：普利策小说奖、美国国家图书奖、全国书评家协会奖，小说描述了一位受旧思想束缚的黑人妇女的转变和成长过程。
《紫色》全书由94封书信构成。主人公西丽亚写给上帝的信、西丽亚写给她妹妹内蒂的信（被退回）、内蒂写给西丽亚的信、西丽亚所爱的女人莎格给西丽亚的信。故事的背景是艾丽斯·沃克所熟悉的美国南方佐治亚乡村，故事大约发生在二十世纪初。14岁的黑女孩西丽亚被继父强奸，生下的两个孩子也被继父送走，后来西丽亚的妈妈死了，继父再婚。西丽亚被嫁给一个已有四个孩子的鳏夫X先生，妹妹内蒂被迫逃走，辗转到非洲。西丽亚受到X先生的百般虐待，但后来在X先生的情人莎格的爱与帮助下，逐渐转变为一个有独立个性的人。在艺术手法上，《紫色》采用的是传统的书信体小说的形式。但艾丽斯·沃克突破了以往书信体的基本构思和创作原则，并不注重细节、真实，而是着力夸张、变形的手法，具有强烈的超现实性和诗意。
《紫色》在叙事技巧上的独到之处体现在艾丽斯·沃克对语言在叙事策略中的作用的充分把握，西丽亚特有的南方乡村黑人方言（她唯一知道的语言）制造了一种直接的真实效果，但同时又将读者与叙述者的环境有意拉开了距离——他们是局外人、陌生人，说的是另外的一种语言。通过强调西丽亚与内蒂所使用的不同的语言（内蒂受过教育的、来自外面的遥远的世界的语言）强调叙述者的转换，因而内蒂的信的出现也就使西丽亚有了对话的可能，使故事继续发展下去，而且使西丽亚与上帝的对话顺利地转换到西丽亚与人的直接对话。伴随着西丽亚的成长，西丽亚的语言和思想也越来越成熟起来。
自七十年代中期之后，美国许多重要的女作家都开始尝试具有实验性的对女性自我的建构和解构的小说形式，如莫里森（Toni Morrison）的《最蓝色的眼睛》（1970）、马丽安娜·赫瑟的《说话的房子》（1975），这些作品的出现，标志着她们对以男性为主的叙述方式（在很多方面都不能充分表现妇女生活的特征）的传统，以及传统的女权主义小说的可贵反省与大胆更新。
