圣经的历史：纸莎草纸&大卫
纸莎草纸
“纸”paper，来自于“纸莎草”papyrus
遍布尼罗河畔
埃及境内最为粗壮——5米（10-15英尺）高，5厘米粗（2英寸）
工艺
拔出，捆捆，切段（1/3米，1英尺），去外层，切片，宽1-3厘米（1/4英寸到1 1/4英寸）
并排，十字交叉第二片，捶打让纤维结合，糨糊，成卷轴
黑墨水
碳的沉积物制造，如烟灰，木炭和烧过的骨头研磨的粉
混合阿拉伯胶一类的黏合剂——阿拉伯树的水溶性树液
晒干，制成小块
用湿润的笔在墨水块上刷
红墨水
铁的氧化物，红赭石或别的矿物
希腊人将纸莎草书卷成为biblia
以腓尼基人港口Byblos——纸莎草出口地——命名
改正
用水把没干的墨迹抹去
干了，就用石头刮去，墨水不会渗入更深层的纤维
笔
灯心草或小植物
把一端嚼松，露出纤维，想把油画刷子
新约时代，芦苇削成尖头，笔跟干墨水快放在木笔盒里
大卫
出17:14
约书亚可能既不会读也不会写，需要听
יד וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה, כְּתֹב זֹאת זִכָּרוֹן בַּסֵּפֶר, וְשִׂים, בְּאָזְנֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: כִּי-מָחֹה אֶמְחֶה אֶת-זֵכֶר עֲמָלֵק, מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם.
14 And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.'
17:14 耶和华对摩西说、我要将亚玛力的名号、从天下全然涂抹了、你要将这话写在书上作记念、又念给约书亚听。
וַיֹּאמֶר = [vayyomer] and he said 而他说
יְהוָה = [adonai] the LORD 耶和华
אֶל-מֹשֶׁה = [el-mosheh] to Moses 对摩西
כְּתֹב = [ketov] you shall write 你将写
זֹאת = [zot] this 这个
זִכָּרוֹן = [zikkaron] memorial 纪念
בַּסֵּפֶר = [bassefer] in the book 在那书上
וְשִׂים = [vesim] and you shall place 而你将放置
בְּאָזְנֵי = [beoznai] in ears of 在……的耳朵里
יְהוֹשֻׁעַ = [yehoshua] Joshua 约书亚
כִּי-מָחֹה = [ki-machoh] for 因为
אֶמְחֶה = [emcheh] I will erase 我将抹去
אֶת-זֵכֶר = [et-zecher] remembrance of ……的纪念
עֲמָלֵק = [amaleq] 亚玛力
מִתַּחַת = [mittachat] from under 从……之下
הַשָּׁמָיִם = [hashshamayim] the heavens 那天
申6:6-7
ו וְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם--עַל-לְבָבֶךָ.
6 And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be upon thy heart;
6:6 我今日所吩咐你的话、都要记在心上．
וְהָיוּ = [vehayu] and they will be 而它们将是
הַדְּבָרִים = [haddevarim] the words 那些话语
הָאֵלֶּה = [ha’elleh] the these 那这些
אֲשֶׁר = [asher] which 那
אָנֹכִי = [anochi] I 我
מְצַוְּךָ = [metzavvecha] I command you 我吩咐你
הַיּוֹם = [hayyom] the day 今日
עַל-לְבָבֶךָ = [al-levavecha] upon your heart 在你心上
ז וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ, וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם, בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ, וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ.
7 and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.
6:7 也要殷勤教训你的儿女、无论你坐在家里、行在路上、躺下、起来、都要谈论。
וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם = [veshinnanttam] and you shall teach diligently 而你们当殷勤教育
לְבָנֶיךָ = [levanneicha] to your children 对你的孩子
וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם= [vedibbarta bam] and you shall speak with them 而你当谈论他们
בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ = [beshivttecha] when your to sit 当你坐下
בְּבֵיתֶךָ = [beveitecha] in your house 在你家里
וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ = [uvelechtecha] and when your to go 和当你去走
בַדֶּרֶךְ = [vadderech] in the road 在那路上
וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ = [uveshochbecha] and when your to lie down 和当你躺下
וּבְקוּמֶךָ = [uvequmecha] and when your to get up 和当你起来
王上14:29
כח וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יָרָבְעָם וְכָל-אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה, וּגְבוּרָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר-נִלְחָם, וַאֲשֶׁר הֵשִׁיב אֶת-דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת-חֲמָת לִיהוּדָה, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל: הֲלֹא-הֵם כְּתוּבִים, עַל-סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים--לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
28 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, for Judah in Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
14:29 罗波安其余的事、凡他所行的、都写在犹大列王记上。
וְיֶתֶר = [veyeter] and rest of 而……的其他
דִּבְרֵי = [divrei] words/things of ……的话语，……的事情
יָרָבְעָם = [yarov’am] Jeroboam 罗波安
וְכָל-אֲשֶׁר = and all of that 和那……的所有
עָשָׂה = [asah] he did 他做了
וּגְבוּרָתוֹ = [ugevurato] and his might 和他的大能
אֲשֶׁר-נִלְחָם = [asher-nilcham] which he warred 那他征战
וַאֲשֶׁר = [va’asher] and which 和那
הֵשִׁיב = [heshiv] he recovered 他恢复了
אֶת-דַּמֶּשֶׂק = [etdammeseq] Damascus 大马士革
וְאֶת-חֲמָת = [ve’et-chamat] and Hamath 和哈马特
לִיהוּדָה = [lihudah] for Judah 为犹太人
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל = [beyisrael] in Israel 在以色列
הֲלֹא-הֵם = [halo-hem] they not 它们没……吗？
כְּתוּבִים = [ketuvim] written 被写下
עַל-סֵפֶר = [al-sefer] upon book of 在……的书上
דִּבְרֵי = [divrei] words of ……的话语
הַיָּמִים = [hayyamim] the days 那日子
לְמַלְכֵי = [lemmalchei] to kings of 给……的王
יִשְׂרָאֵל = [yisrael] Israel 以色列
撒下7:13
撒下20:24-25
史官可能负责记录和颁布王的法令——王室发言人
书记则负责王和民众的联系和王和别的君王联系
士师记21:25
撒上15:23
撒上16:13
