Hello China 《你好中国》61-100 中英文字幕
61 Beijing Roast Duck（北京烤鸭）
If you come to China,roast duck (kao ya) is a must-have.
如果你有机会来中国，不妨去尝尝北京烤鸭。
烤鸭是中国的名菜，已有 1600 年的历史。
An authentic kao ya should be roasted delicately in an oven burning fruit wood. The temperature and timing should be strictly controlled.
正宗的北京烤鸭一定要用果木烘烤，精确控制炉温。
To keep the skin crisp and the meat tender,kao ya should be taken out of the oven after 50-minutes.
烤鸭烤制 50 分钟后必须出炉，这样才能保证皮脆肉嫩。
A roast duck must be cut into more than 100 slices within several minutes after it has been brought out of the oven.
烤鸭出炉后，必须在几分钟之内切成 100 多片。
Each slice contains skin and meat.
要求片片有皮带肉。
Thin pancakes,Chinese onions,cucumbers and special sauce are used to complement kao ya.
烤鸭的辅料是薄饼、大葱、黄瓜条、特制的甜面酱。
Now you have followed us so far,if you still haven't decided to try this famous Beijing specialty.
如果看到这里，你还没有决定是否要品尝一下北京烤鸭。
You will probably miss the most enjoyable culinary experience of your life.
那么你也许会就此错过一生中最精妙绝伦的美食体验。
62 Tanghulu（糖葫芦）
Theses are crystalline sugar-coated haws,tanghulu,which is a favorite winter snack for children in northern China.
这叫做冰糖葫芦；北方的冬天里，这是孩子们最喜欢的零食。
Legends say that 800 years ago an emperor's concubine was sick an had a poor appetite.
相传 800 多年前，有个皇帝的妃子病了，胃口不好。
A doctor ordered that she eat 10 haws boiled with crystal sugar before dinner.
一位医生献上药方：用冰糖和山楂煎熬，每天饭前吃上 10 颗。
The concubine recovered within half-a-month.
半个月之后，妃子的病真的好了。
Later,the prescription was passed on to ordinary people.
后来这种方法传到了民间。
People put haws on a stick and dipped them in hot sugar syrup.
老百姓把山楂用签子串起来，蘸上热糖；
The syrup turned into a solid coating,like crystals on the haws' surface.
而热糖遇冷凝固后形成一个水晶一样的硬壳，就成了现在的冰糖葫芦。
It is a delicious and wholesome traditional snack commonly seen in stores and on streets.
糖葫芦是种非常美味而又健康的传统小吃，大街小巷随处可见。
The haws are tart and the crystal sugar is sweet. The special taste often reminds us of our happy childhood.
山楂酸，冰糖甜，那又酸又甜的味道，让很多人想起自己美好的童年。
63 Hotpot（火锅）
If you want to look for a nutritious meal to share with your family,you should choose hotpot,huo guo.
如果要寻找适合一家人分享的美食，一定是火锅。
Huo guo has a history of more than 1,700 years in China.
火锅在中国有 1700 多年的历史了。
To keep out the cold,people pull lamb chops in the boiling pot and ate them.
人们为了抵御寒冷，把切成薄片的羊肉放入锅中烫熟。
Huo guo ingredients should be selected carefully.
真正精致的火锅对于食材的选择非常挑剔。
Only five parts of a lamb should be used and cut into sheets for cooking.
每只羊身上只有五个部位可以切成肉片。
The sauce is composed of more than ten seasonings.
调料由十几种佐料调配而成。
The ingredients of the sauce are the commercial secret of hot pot.
每种佐料的比例是火锅店的商业机密。
Huo guo is popular all over China. There are various styles of huo guo.
火锅被全中国人所喜爱，发展出风格各异的品种。
Vegetables and meat can be boiled in huo guo.
还可以涮各种蔬菜肉类。
Sharing hot pot meals of meat and vegetables boiled in savory both with your family is a great experience in the depth of winter.
在寒冷的冬天，和家人一起吃一顿热腾腾的火锅实在是一种享受。
Is huo guo the best choice? Do you want to try it?
火锅难道不是最好的选择吗？你想试试吗？
64 Toufu（豆腐）
Is there a kind of food that is cheap,delicious and nutritious? Yes! It is Chinese dou fu.
有没有一种既便宜又美味，而且营养丰富的食物。有，它就是中国的豆腐。
Some 2,100 years ago,a noble who longed for immortality developed all kinds of prescriptions every day.
2100 多年前，一位贵族渴望长生不老，他每天研制各种药房。
One day,he accidentally dropped plaster into soybean milk. The soybean milk curdled into something like pudding.
一天，他不小心把石膏碰翻到豆浆中，豆浆凝固成一块白白嫩嫩的东西。
He boldly tested it and found it very delicious.
他大胆尝试了一下，发现非常美味。
The new dish is what we called dou fu food today.
这就是我们今天的豆腐。
Dou fu is made of soybeans,which are rich in protein.
豆腐的原材料非常简单，主要是黄豆，它富有丰富的蛋白质。
Dou fu can be cooked with fish,vegetables and other ingredients. We can also eat it rare.
豆腐可以搭配鱼、蔬菜等食材烹制，也可以生吃。
The easiest way is to put a little bit of chives,oil and salt with dou fu.
最简单的吃法是放点小葱和油，加上一点点盐，这就是一盘美味的豆腐了。
Dou fu tastes light,yummy and really melts into your mouth.
豆腐的味道清淡、入口即化。
In China,dou fu is quite popular. You can find it on any dining table.
在中国，每家的餐桌上可都少不了豆腐。
65 Alcoholic Drinks（酒精饮料）
Jiu plays an amazing role in the daily life of Chinese people.
在中国人的生活里，酒扮演着一种神奇的角色。
Chinese started to brew jiu 6,000 years ago,according to archaeological findings.
据现有的考古发现，6000 多年前中国人就开始酿酒了。
People have worked hard to improve the process of making jiu for thousands of years.
为了酿出最好的酒，中国人一直在探索酿造方法。
Chinese mainly drink white spirits and rice wine.
中国人以饮白酒、黄酒为主。
White spirits are distilled from sorghum or maize.
白酒是以高粱、玉米等为原料蒸馏酿制的。
The equipment used for drinking has changed a lot over the course of history. The jiu culture developed with the containers changing from wine goblets to handless cups.
几千年来，饮酒器具也在不断变化，从樽到盅演变着中国的酒文化。
As a magical beverage and custom,it has accompanied important occasions,such as weddings and birthdays for more than 6,000 years.
酒饮与生活习俗紧密相联，陪伴着中国人经历出生、结婚、生子等人生的重要场合已经有 6000 多年了。
66 Noodles（面条）
Noodles,mian tiao,are a kind of time-honored Chinese food.
面条是中国的一种很古老的食品。
Records say that nobles were fond of the food about 30 centimeters long,which is made of flour and boiled in water more than 1,900 years ago.
早在 1900 多年前，书上就记载了那时的贵族喜欢吃一种一尺多长的、用水煮熟的面食。
Mix flour with water and make the mixture into a paste,and then cut it into strips.
面条是用面粉加水做成面团，再加工成条状的食物。
This is how mian tiao is made. Miao tiao can be boiled or fried.
可以煮、炒、炸等多种吃法。
Noodles in China also represent preeminence.
在中国，面条还有美好的意义。
Therefore,people always have noodles on their birthday to wish for a long lifespan.
于是人们在生日的时候都会吃上一碗面条，代表长寿。
Noodles are one of the Chinese favorite food,just like the bread for Westerners.
面条在中国是一种人人喜爱的基本食品，就像西方人离不开面包一样。
67 Fish（鱼）
The Chinese character yu,which means fish with a plump body and round eyes.
丰满的鱼身，圆圆的眼睛，这就是鱼字。
Yu is related to special meanings and legends.
它在中国有着丰富的含义和传说。
There was a yu in the Yellow River. Yu wanted to jump over the Dragon Gate,so that he could become a dragon.
黄河里有条鱼，它想跳过龙门变成龙。
However,only quite a few yu could accomplish that feat in the turbulent river.
水流湍急，只有极少数的鱼可以跳过去。
People with great achievements in study or business are often compared to these yu who have turned into dragons.
后来，人们用这个故事比喻在学业、事业上的飞黄腾达的人。
Therefore,carps,a kind of yu,represent achieving prosperity through hard work.
因此有人也把鲤鱼当做勤劳致富的象征。
Yu is a word with the double meaning in China.
鱼，在中国是一个双关语。
A Spring Festival painting featuring a yu is a symbol of an affluent life.
年画《有鱼》象征富富有余。
Yu remind Chinese of prosperity and fortune.
中国人看到鱼就会想到富裕和财富。
Thus,people like to raise yu to pray for good luck.
因此人们都喜欢养鱼来增添喜气。
Yu is a produce of nature and a mascot in Chinese daily life.
鱼是自然之物，也是中国人生活里的吉祥物。
68 Ethnic Groups（民族）
It is said that the Chinese nation was created by a female god. She made clay figures and gave lives to them.
在中国的上古神话中，一位女神用泥土捏成好多小人，还赋予它们生命。
There are two heroes in Chinese history: the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor.
中华民族出两位大英雄叫做黄帝和炎帝。
Legends say that all the Chinese are their descendants.
有人说中国人都是他们的后裔。
The Chinese nation is composed of 56 ethnic groups(minzu) with distinct features.
中华民族是中国所有民族统称，它包括了 56 个民族。
The minzu are distributed all over China with their own traditions.
这些民族分布在中国的各个地方，他们都有各自的风俗。
Cultural characteristics of songs and dances of the Uyghur,Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai,silver ornaments of the Miao and the Naadam fair of the Mongolian people.
维族的歌舞，傣族的泼水节，苗族的银饰，蒙古族那达慕大会。
People use 'brothers’ to describe their relationship among different minzu.
中国人喜欢用兄弟来比喻各个民族之间的关系，
Brotherhood means that different minzu live harmoniously as a huge family.
意思是说：在中华民族的大家庭里大家都是亲密的一家人。
69 Chinese names An introduction（中文名称简介）
Chinese names(xing ming) are different from Western ones.
和西方人的习惯不一样。
The family names(surnames) come first and given names come last.
中国人的姓名是姓在前，名在后。
People usually ask each other’s 'xing ming’ when they meet. If they share the same family name,they believe that their ancestors were relatives,500 years ago.
在两个中国人见面的时候会问起对方的姓氏，倘若同姓，两人就会很高兴地说：“咱们 500 年前是一家”。
The family of Confucius is an example of Chinese family names.
孔子家族是中国姓氏的标本。
A young man can trace his family line to an ancestor who lived 2,500 years ago.
它可以让一个今天的青年人一代代追溯到 2500 年前的祖先。
It is like a tree: leaves,branches and roots are connected by the family name.
这就像一颗大树，从一片叶子到根茎，联系他们之间关系的就是姓。
There are supposedly more than 20,000 family names in China.
据说，中国有两万个姓。
The secret of where your ancestors came from and what they did are concealed in 'xing ming’.
祖先从哪里来，为什么来到这里，他们是干什么的，这些秘密都藏在姓名里。
70 Chinese family values （中国家庭价值观）
There's a pig and two people.The two people drive the pig into a house and raise it together.
有一头猪和两个人，两个人把猪赶到一间房子里，一起养它。
Thus making the Chinese character 'jia’ which means 'family’.
因此，汉字“家”的意思是“家庭”。
In Chinese daily life,the whole family includes three generations: Grandparents,parents and children live together.
在中国人的日常生活中，整个家庭包括三代:祖父母、父母和孩子住在一起。
Taking care of each other,looking after the young and supporting the parents are the traditional values of Chinese people.
互相照顾，照顾孩子，赡养父母是中国人的传统价值观。
You can easily find a typical Chinese jia all over the world.
在世界各地，你都可以很容易地找到典型的中国家庭。
71 Courtyard Uniting Chinese families （四合院）
A courtyard residence,si he yuan,is a yard enclosed by houses in four directions.
庭院让中国家庭团聚四合院是四合院，四合院是四合院。
It is a closed residence with only one gate leading to the outside.
这是一个封闭的住宅，只有一个门通向外面。
Houses on the north are the largest ones and used as the owners' bedrooms.
北部的房屋是最大的房屋，用作业主的卧室。
The arrangement represents the hierarchy in a family.
排列代表了家庭中的等级制度。
The screen wall stands behind the gate to protect the residents from wind-blown sand.
屏风矗立在大门后面，保护居民免受风沙的侵袭。
Chinese believe that the screen wall can also ward off bad luck.
中国人相信屏风还可以辟邪。
Therefore,the wall is usually decorated exquisitely.
因此，墙面通常装饰精美。
The si he yuan is intended to unite all the family members to enjoy a harmonious and happy life together.
四合院旨在团结所有的家庭成员一起享受和谐和幸福的生活。
72 Hutong Chinese alleyways （胡同 中国胡同）
Hu tong,a type of narrow street or alley with houses on both sides is the most typical residence in Beijing.
胡同，一种两边都是房子的狭窄的街道或小巷，是北京最典型的住宅。
The hu tong is not only a traffic channel but also the living area for ordinary people.
胡同不仅是一条交通通道，也是老百姓的生活区。
It is the most peaceful place in this noisy city.
在这个喧闹的城市里，这是一个美丽的地方。
People get along with each other in harmony.
人们和睦相处。
There used to be 4,000 hu tong in Beijing with a history of more than 800 years.
北京曾经有 4000 个胡同，有 800 多年的历史。
Many hu tong have been replaced by modern buildings as the city developed.
随着城市的发展，许多胡同已被现代建筑所取代。
Only a few of them have been preserved keeping the traditions and history of Beijing alive.
只有少数被保存下来，保留了北京的传统和历史。
73 Tulou Building（土楼）
The tu lou building is a special residence in China.
土楼在中国是一个特殊的住宅。
Central China was in a state of war in the 10th century.
公元 10 世纪，中国中部处于战争状态。
Large numbers of people migrated to the mountainous region in southeast China.
大量的人移居到中国东南部的山区。
They built tu lou with clay and rocks for living and defense.
他们用粘土和石头建造土楼，用于居住和防御，
Circles of rooms are enclosed by another circle Rooms aren connected by round corridors.
一圈圈的房间由另一圈围起来。
The second floor is used as a granary The third and fourth floors are used as bedrooms.
二楼用作谷仓，三楼和四楼用作卧室。
There are more than 300 rooms in the largest tu lou,which can accommodate more than 800 people.
最大的土楼有300 多个房间，可容纳 800 多人。
The center of tu lou is the public area with wells and kitchens.
土楼的中心是公共区域，有水井和厨房。
Family meetings are held on the axis.
家庭会议在轴线上举行。
People have lived in the tu lou,cooking,washing clothes,and holding ceremonies for ancestor worship in harmony for hundreds of years.
几百年来，人们一直生活在土楼里，做饭、洗衣服、举行祭祖仪式。
Now tu lou are open to the public.
现在土楼对公众开放了。
You can experience the family love and unsophisticated customs when you pass by the lovely windows.
经过可爱的窗户，你可以感受到亲情和淳朴的风情
74 Chinese tea An introduction （中国茶介绍）
Tea,cha,is the beverage most representative of Chinese culture.
茶是最能代表中国文化的饮料。
Proper etiquette dictates the guests are treated to cha.
正确的礼仪要求客人受到的款待。
Many outstanding Chinese poems were created in the company of cha.
中国许多杰出的诗歌都是在茶的陪伴下创作出来的。
Originating in China,cha is divided into green tea,black tea,yellow tea,dark tea and white tea,according to its color.
茶起源于中国，根据茶的颜色分为绿茶、红茶、黄茶、黑茶和白蓝茶。
The procedures for drinking cha are delightful.
喝茶的程序很有趣。
Cha,water,wares and fire are indispensable when making cha.
制茶的水、器、火是必不可少的。
The shape,color and fragrance of cha are quite important.
茶的形、色、香是很重要的。
The water should be clear and sweet.
水应该是清的，甜的。
The fire should be clean without odour.
火应该是干净的，没有气味。
The chinaware and purple clay tea sets are widely used.
瓷器和紫砂茶具用途广泛。
People feel closer to nature by drinking cha.
喝茶让人感觉更亲近大自然。
75 Chopsticks Chinese food （筷子 中餐）
Chopsticks,kuai zi,are the most important eating utensils in China.
筷子是中国最重要的餐具。
Chinese use them during each meal.
中国人每顿饭都要使用。
They're made of single material with two sticks.
它们是由单一材料和两根棍子组成的。
They're made of wood or bamboo and use the theory of leverage to pick up various kinds of food easily.
它们是木头或竹子做的，并且用杠杆理论夹起各种各样的食物很容易。
Manners are important when using chopsticks just like using forks and knives in the West.
就像在西方使用刀叉一样，使用筷子时礼貌很重要。
Chinese have used kuai zi for at least 3,000 years.
中国人至少使用过 3000 年。
They have been spread to Asian countries like Japan and South Korea.
它们已经传播到日本和韩国等亚洲国家。
The materials come from nature.
材料来自大自然。
They represent the wisdom of the Chinese
它们代表了中国人的智慧。
76 Papercutting An introduction（剪纸介绍）
Long,long ago there was a poor scholar who wrote the character 'fu’ or 'happiness’ on paper and his wife tore the character out.
很久很久以前，有个穷书生把“福”字写在纸上，被他的妻子剪下来了。
This is the origin of papercutting ( jian zhi).
这就是剪纸的由来。
The jian zhi craft is considered to be one of the standards to identify a smart woman.
剪纸工艺被认为是判断一个聪明女人的标准之一。
People think a woman who is good at making delicate jian zhi is a smart.
人们认为善于制作精致剪纸的女人是聪明的。
Jian zhi patterns come from daily life.
剪纸模式来源于日常生活。
Clipping and engraving are two skills used to make jian zhi.
剪纸和雕刻是制作剪纸的两种技艺。
Intricate centers are important for jian zhi designs.
复杂的中心对于剪纸的设计很重要。
Jian zhi is a popular folk art.
剪纸是一种流行的民间艺术。
Jian zhi expresses Chinese people’s wishes for happiness and good luck.
剪纸表达了中国人对幸福、好运的祝愿
77 Chinese silk and its ancient beauty （中国丝绸及其古老之美）
A kind of insect called a silkworm produces white,raw silk threads.
中国丝绸及其古老之美 一种叫做蚕的昆虫能吐出白色的生丝。
Chinese people collect these raw threads,create yarn and weave them.
中国人收集这些原始的线，创造纱线并编织它们。
The silk fabrics are soft,smooth and light. It is the best material used in making dresses.
丝绸面料柔软、光滑、轻盈。它是做衣服最好的材料。
A si chou dress 2.000 years old was unearthed in a tomb and can be put into a matchbox.
在一座古墓中出土了一件距今有 2000 年历史的泗水连衣裙，可以放进火柴盒里。
Westerners cherish Chinese si chou.
西方人珍爱中国的“丝绸”。
It was introduced to Rome around 100 BC by merchants.
大约在公元前 100 年由商人引入罗马。
The route they traveled is called the Silk Road.
他们所走的路线叫做丝绸之路。
Compared with other material,si chou is more delicate and light.
与其他材料相比，丝绸更加精致、轻盈。
The clothes made of si chou are the most comfortable.
丝绸做的衣服是最舒服的。
Now si chou clothes are prominent in modern fashions.
如今，丝绸服装在现代时装中占有重要地位。
Chinese si chou has been world famous for its high quality for thousands of years.
几千年来，中国的丝绸一直以其高质量而闻名于世。
78 Porcelain Ware（瓷器）
When processed correctly,a pile of soil can be turned into an exquisite artwork.
如果处理得当，一堆泥土也可以变成一件精美的艺术品。
Chinaware,ci qi,is a part of daily life in China.
瓷器是中国人日常生活的一部分。
The surfaces are decorated with various exquisite patterns.
表面装饰着各种精美的图案。
Some are as thin as paper; some are as white as jade; some are as course as pottery; and some are as black as lacquer.
有些像纸一样薄;有的像玉一样白;有些像陶器一样自然;有些像漆一样黑。
This is an extraordinary piece of blue and white porcelain made in the 14th century.
这是一件非同寻常的青花瓷，制造于 14 世纪。
It was auctioned at more than 20 million pounds. It is the pride of ci qi.
它以超过两千万英镑的价格被拍卖，这是瓷器的骄傲。
Ci qi is still called China in English.
瓷器在英语中仍然被称为 China。
79 Jade More valuable than gold（翡翠 比黄金更有价值）
It is difficult to acquire beautiful jade.
漂亮的玉很难买到。
Only through the delicate procedure of cutting,polishing and carving a piece of unshaped stone can shine.
一块未成形的石头，只有经过切割、打磨、雕刻的精细工序，才能闪闪发光。
Yu has played an important role in people’s lives in China for the last 8,000 years.
在过去的 8000 年里，玉在中国人的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
Seals of emperors were made of yu.
皇帝的印章都是用玉做的。
Yu is also a popular material for amulets,and expensive artwork.
玉也是一种受欢迎的护身符材料，也是昂贵的艺术品。
Yu was featured in the medals of Beijing Olympic Games.
玉在北京奥运会上作为了奖牌。
Yu represents dignity,holiness and purity.
玉代表尊严、圣洁和纯洁。
Chinese believe that yu is more valuable than gold.
中国人认为玉比金子更有价值。
80 Money Chinese history（中国货币历史）
Chinese used shells as money,qian,5,000 years ago.
五千年前，中国人用贝壳当钱。
With the developments of metallurgy,metallic currency started to circulate.
随着冶金技术的发展，金属货币开始流通。
These copper coins originated from Chinese people’s daily life and production.
这些铜币起源于中国人的日常生活和生产。
Spade-shaped coins came from farming tools and knife-shaped coins came from fishing gear and knives.
铲子形的硬币来自农具，刀形的硬币来自渔具和刀具。
The Tong Bao coin symbolizing the titles of emperor’s reigns were circulated for the longest time in the history of China.
在中国历史上，象征皇帝在位头衔的东贝币流通时间最长。
Gold,silver,food and textiles were once used as qian in China.
在中国，金、银、食品和纺织品曾被用作钱。
The earliest paper money,named jiaozi,came out in China more than 1,000 years ago.
1000 多年前，中国出现了最早的纸币，名为交子。
Now the banknotes circulating in China is the 5th edition of renminbi.
现在在中国流通的纸币是第五版人民币。
The appearance and printing techniques have been improved over the years.
这些年来，人民币的外观和印刷技术都有所改进。
81 Chinese lantern customs（中国灯笼习俗）
The lantern,denglong,is the traditional lighting tool of China which also represents merit and joy.
灯笼是中国传统的照明工具，它也代表着美德和欢乐。
The traditional denglong is covered by rice paper with candle burning inside.
传统的灯笼是用宣纸包着，里面燃着蜡烛。
Lights shine through the gossamer rice paper.
灯光透过薄纱宣纸照耀。
Denglongs have diverse patterns.
灯笼有不同的形式。
People like to decorate denglongs and paint beautiful and auspicious designs on them.
人们喜欢装饰灯笼，在上面画上美丽和吉祥的图案。
We light several denglongs which symbolize happiness and good luck during the Chinese New Year and enjoy denglong shows with family during the Lantern Festival.
在中国新年期间，我们会点燃几盏象征着幸福和好运的灯盏，在元宵节期间，我们会和家人一起欣赏灯盏表演。
Now denglongs are still used in all kinds of celebrations. Denglongs light the night of festivals.
现在灯龙仍然用于各种庆祝活动，灯龙点亮夜晚的节日。
Merit and joy spread into different families by these different lanterns.
这些不同的灯笼将美德和欢乐传播到不同的家庭。
82 Kites in Chinese folklore（中国民间传说中的风筝）
Legends say that the inspiration for kites was a wooden bird flying all day.
传说风筝的灵感来源于一只整天飞翔的木鸟。
Most likely,people were inspired by a hat blown off by the wind and invented feng zheng.
最有可能的是，人们受到一顶被风吹掉的帽子的启发，发明了“风筝”。
Legends also say that a general bound bamboo whistles on a huge feng zheng made of ox hide.
传说还说，一个将军绑竹笛在一个巨大的风筝用牛皮做的。
The kite made horrible sounds to ward off enemies.
风筝发出可怕的声音来驱赶敌人。
Other versions say he wrote important messages on feng zheng and sent them to his troops.
另一种说法是，他在风筝的身上写下了重要的信息，并把它们送到了他的部队。
The military sue of kites was just folklore.
这些都只是风筝的民间传说。
After all,feng zheng are toys.
毕竟，风筝是玩具。
Classic kites use bamboo,rattan or some other strong,but flexible,wood for the spars;paper or light fabrics such as silk for the sails; and are flown on string or twine.
传统的风筝用竹子、藤条或其他一些结实但有弹性的木材来做碎片纸，或用丝绸之类的轻织物来做帆;用绳子或飞行。
People often make exquisite decorations on feng zheng.
人们经常在风筝身上做精美的装饰。
Feng zheng have become real works of art.
风筝已经成为真正的艺术品。
They seem like beautiful paintings flying in the blue sky.
它们就像美丽的画在蓝天中飞翔。
83 Shadow Puppetry A Chinese folk art（皮影戏 一种中国民间艺术）
A long time ago a monarch missed his deceased concubine so much,he got sick.
很久以前，一位君主非常想念他已故的妃子，因此生病了。
His ministers reproduced the image of the concubine with cloth and put it behind a screen.
他的大臣们用布复制了妃子的形象，并把它放在一个屏风后面。
The monarch could see the shadow of his concubine on the screen.
国王可以在屏幕上看到他妃子的影子。
This was the origin of the shadow puppet (piying).
这就是皮影的起源。
Pi ying represents interesting stories with lively songs and shadows produced by lights.
皮影用欢快的歌声和光影演绎着有趣的故事。
It is the earliest animated technique in the world.
它是世界上最早的动画技术。
The images are always made of patterned donkey leather sewn with thread.
这些图案都是用线缝制的有图案的驴皮制成的。
The bodily movements and facial expressions of the puppets are created by bamboo sticks.
木偶的身体动作和面部表情都是用竹子制作的。
Pi ying tells stories with traditional methods and is popular all over the world.
皮影用传统的方式讲故事，在世界各地都很受欢迎。
It features not only interesting stories but also Chinese folk art.
它不仅有有趣的故事，而且是中国民间艺术
84 Batik Chinese wax dyeing（蜡染 中国蜡染）
Batik,la ran,is a traditional painting and textile dyeing technique with a history of more than 2,000 years.
蜡染是一种具有 2000 多年历史的传统印染工艺。
Bee's wax and indigo are two widely used dyes. A steel knife is used to draw patterns on the cloth.
蜂蜡和靛蓝是两种广泛使用的染料用钢刀在布上画图案。
A piece of la ran is accomplished after spreading wax,painting,dyeing and washing the sloth.
四片蓝染是在涂蜡、绘画、染色和洗树懒之后完成的。
The most interesting part is that various grains form along the cracks of the cloth after cooling.
最有趣的是，在冷却后，沿着布的裂缝形成了各种各样的颗粒。
Different grains come from the same patterns: flowers,birds,fish,insects and geometrical patterns on the cloth look mysterious and unsophisticated.
不同的纹理来自相同的图案:花、鸟、鱼、虫，布料上的几何图案显得神秘而古朴。
85 Chinese brocade（ 中国锦缎）
Brocade is a kind of luxurious silk created over 1,600 years ago.
锦缎是一种奢华的丝绸，创造于 1600 多年前。
The gorgeous patterns are as beautiful as the colorful clouds in the sky and the Chinese name yunjin.
绚丽的图案像天上的彩云，中文名字是云锦。
Since the Yuan Dynasty,yunjin has been used for the imperial family's clothes,especially the emperor.
自元朝以来，云锦一直被用于皇室的服装，尤其是皇帝的服装。
Different sizes and patterns indicate different official ranks.
不同的大小和图案表示不同的官阶。
It is woven with various kinds of rare silk yarn and feathers.
它是用各种稀有的丝线和羽毛织成的。
Traditional yunjin is purely handmade on the Jacquard weaving machines.
传统的云锦纯粹是在提花织机上手工织造。
At most,five to six centimeters of yunjin could be produced in one day even with the cooperation of two workers.
即使是两个工人一起工作，一天最多也只能生产出 5 到 6 厘米的云锦。
Now this traditional skill has been modernized and applied to new fashions.
现在，这项传统技能已经现代化，并应用于新的时装。
86 Cheongsam fashion（旗袍时尚）
Chinese tradition say that if you want to identify a beauty you should look at her appearance in a cheongsam.
中国传统认为，如果你想确定一个美女，你应该看她穿旗袍的样子。
The Qiopao showcases Oriental modesty and sexiness,wrapping female figures in form-fitting dresses.
旗袍展示了东方的端庄和性感，用合身的裙子包裹着女性形象。
Fine Qipao are handmade with soft silk and intricate brocade.
精美的旗袍是用柔软的丝绸和复杂的织锦手工制作的。
Selecting fine material is the first step to make a Qipao.
选择好的材料是制作旗袍的第一步。
26 dimensions must be measured to make a Qipao and represent the taste of the Master.
制作旗袍必须测量 26个尺寸，以体现大师的品味。
The collars of Qipao are always curved to show the softness and slenderness of the female's neck.
旗袍的衣领总是弯曲的，以显示女性脖子的柔软和苗条。
Popular patterns on Qipao include phoenix,birds,leaves and flowers.
旗袍上流行的图案包括凤凰、鸟、叶和花。
The breathtaking beauty of Qipao has lasted for more than a century.
旗袍令人叹为观止的美景已经持续了一个多世纪。
87 Tang Suit Chinese fashion（唐装 中国时尚）
A Tang Suit (tangzhuang) is not a suit of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) but a suit with Chinese style.Tangzhuang are tailored according to specific procedures.
唐装并不是唐朝(618-907)的一套衣服，而是按照特定的程序定制的中式服装。
Brocade is the first choice when selecting materials for tangzhuang.
锦缎是唐装选材的首选。
Stand –up collars and symmetrical lapels are typical styles.
竖领和对称翻领是典型的款式。
Exquisite embroidery is another feature of tangzhuang.
精美的刺绣是唐庄的另一个特色。
Even the little buttons are made with great detail.
即使是小小的纽扣也做得非常细致。
These unique buttons are the finishing touches of tangzhuang.
这些独特的纽扣是唐庄的最后一笔。
Nowadays people put on tangzhuang for the Spring Festival of weddings.
现在人们在春节结婚时穿唐装。
People regard tangzhuang as special clothing for important ceremonies.
人们把唐装看作是重要仪式上的特殊服装。
Absorbing some elements from Western designs,tangzhuang now has a more fashionable,beautiful look.
吸收了西方设计的一些元素，唐庄现在有了更时尚的美丽外观。
88 Chinese fan （扇子）
Fans,shan zi,are not only implements,but also works of art and symbols of status in China.
扇子在中国不仅是工具，也是艺术品和地位的象征。
Shan zi in scholars' hand represent wisdom and elegance.
学者手中的“扇子”，代表着智慧和优雅。
There are many kinds of shan zi in China.
在中国有很多种扇子。
The most typical ones are folding shan zi.
最典型的就是折叠扇子。
Techniques of carving,weaving,calligraphy and painting are applied.
运用雕刻、编织、书法、绘画等技术。
Shan zi are not only implements which bring a cool breeze,but also works of art.
扇子不仅是吹凉风的器物，还是一件艺术品。
Collections are cherished by Chinese.
收藏是中国人的最爱
89 Chinese abacus （中国算盘）
Traditional Chinese says that the abacus,suan pan,was inspired by bunters collecting trophies from animals they killed.
中国的传统说法是，算盘的灵感来自于猎人。从他们杀死的动物身上收集战利品。
People began to string wooden beads on wooden sticks to count.
人们开始在木棍上串木珠来计数。
This was the first abacus.
这是第一个算盘。
Invented more than 2,000 years ago,suan pan are the oldest calculators still used today.
算盘发明于 2000 多年前，是至今仍在使用的最古老的计算器。
Most Chinese learn how to use suan pan when they were young.
大多数中国人在很小的时候就学会了算盘。
The structure of suan pan is quite simple: It is composed by B,which represent numbers,and wooden sticks,which represent decimals.
算盘的结构很简单:由代表数字的 B 和代表小数的木棍组成。
Suan pan can be used to accomplish complicated calculations quickly with simple formulas and rules.
算盘可以用简单的公式或规则快速完成复杂的计算。
Suan pan are the living fossils of Chinese mathematical discovery.
算盘是中国数学发现的活化石。
90 Panda（熊猫）
I'm a panda,xiong mao,the national treasure of China. I like to be alone just like a drifter.
我是中国的国宝熊猫，我天性喜欢独来独往，像一位独行侠。
Mm,bamboo is my favorite food! Our family has lived on the earth for more than 8 million years.
竹子是我最爱吃的东西，我的祖祖辈辈在地球上已经生活了800 多万年。
At first,we lived on meat.
很久以前，我们原本吃肉。
Later,we ran out of food with a tremendous change of the temperature on earth. We survived on bamboo.
后来地球温度发生巨变，食物资源短缺，我们靠吃竹子才活了下来。
Now xiong mao are one of the most endangered species.
成了世界上最珍惜的物种之一。
We are regarded as beasts for peace,because we feed on bamboo instead of other animals.
因为只吃竹子，不猎食其他动物，我们被称为“和平之兽”。
A truce was agreed whenever the flags printed with images of xiong mao were raised 1,700 years ago.
在 1700 多年前两军交战中，只要战场上挂起有我们图像的旗，战斗就立刻停止。
These flags represent peace and friendship and both sides of the war would stop fighting.
凡使用熊猫旗，就表示要求和平友好，双方要放下兵戈，停止冲突。
Now we're known far and wide,and we're often sent abroad as gifts.
现在，我们的名气更大了，经常作为国家礼物被馈赠到外国。
We have even been chosen as the mascot of the World Wildlife Foundation.
被选为担任世界自然基金会的标志物。
There are only around 1,000 xiong mao remaining in our family all over the world.
现在我们熊猫家族在全世界只剩下1000 来只。
We hope that people will offer more protection for animals
我们期待着人们对动物有更多的爱护。
91 Magpie The lucky bird（喜鹊 幸运鸟）
The magpie,xi que,is a lucky bird in China.
喜鹊在中国是一种吉祥的鸟。
Chinese traditions says the chirp of xi que can bring good luck to people.
中国传统认为，“喜鹊”的唧唧声可以给人们带来好运。
They fly on to the branches of plum blossoms and then to the houses of ordinary people with good news and auspicious omens.
它们飞到梅花枝上，然后带着好消息和吉祥的预兆飞到普通人的家里。
A Chinese legend says that xi que gather in heaven once a year to make a bridge for a separated couple.
中国的一个传说说，喜鹊每年在天上聚一次，为分开的夫妇架起一座桥。
When they gather and form a bridge across the galaxy,the separated couple can meet each other on the bridge.
当他们聚在一起，形成一座横跨银河系的桥时，分开的情侣就能在桥上相见。
Xi que are kindhearted messengers,people love xi que for their affability,there's a saying that good deeds come with the warbles of xi que.
喜鹊是善良的使者，人们喜爱喜鹊，因为喜鹊的和蔼可亲，俗话说，喜鹊的歌声中有善行。
92 Chinese Characters Introduction（汉字介绍）
The marks carved on rocks 8,000 years ago are regarded as the first example of Chinese characters,han zi.
刻在岩石上的标记是 8000 年前被认为是中国文字的第一个例子。
Ancient Chinese recorded what they saw in the world by drawing.
古代中国人通过绘画记录他们在世界上看到的一切。
Legends say that Chinese characters are pictures which can be read.
传说汉字是可以读懂的图画。
Westerners often say that han zi are pictographs.
西方人常说汉字是象形文字。
This is because the first han zi were pictographs which conveyed meaning through physical resemblance to physical objects.
这是因为最初的汉字是象形文字，通过与实物的物理相似性来传达意义。
Meanwhile,some han zi are composed of symbols which represent sound.
同时，有些汉字是由代表声音的符号组成的。
Looking back at history,we can understand the life of people they mention China with han zi. There are 2,500 frequently used characters.
回顾历史，我们可以了解人们的生活，他们提到中国与汉字有 2500个常用字符。
A good grasp of these han zi is like reading an encyclopedia on China.
掌握好这些汉字就像阅读一本关于中国的百科全书。
Welcome to the mysterious world of han zi.
欢迎来到神秘的汉字。
93 Contradiction A Chinese tale of swords and shields（矛盾 一个中国关于剑与盾的故事）
In china they are put together to represent a contradiction.
在中国，剑和盾被放在一起代表着矛盾。
Long,long ago a man was selling his spear and shield.
很久很久以前，有个人在卖他的矛和盾。
He said that his spear was the sharpest one and could cut through any shield.
他说他的矛是最锋利的，可以刺穿任何盾牌。
And then he said his shield was the toughest one and nothing could cut through it.
然后他说他的盾是最坚硬的，没有什么能穿透它。
But what would happen if the spear was used to stab the shield?
但是如果用矛来刺盾会发生什么呢?
The man couldn't answer the question.
这个人无法回答这个问题。
The story tells us not to be caught in maodun.
故事告诉我们不要陷入矛盾。
Maodun describes the relationship between things on the opposite positions.
矛盾，描述的是事物在相对位置上的关系。
94 Carelessness Chinese language（汉语的粗心）
There is an interesting story laying behind Chinese characters like other languages,such as ma hu.
有一个有趣的故事隐藏在汉字像其他语言，如马虎。
A painter drew an animal which looked like a horse and a tiger.
画家画了一个看起来像马和老虎的动物。
He told his first son that it was a tiger.
他告诉大儿子那是只老虎。
The older son identified a horse as a tiger and killed it.
大儿子认出一匹马是老虎，就把它杀了。
He told his second son it was a horse.
他告诉二儿子那是匹马。
The younger boy identified a tiger as a horse and try to ride on it.
小男孩认出老虎是马，想骑在上面。
Therefore,his first son owed a horse to its master and his second son came within an inch of death.
因此，他的大儿子欠了主人一匹马，而他的第二个儿子离死亡只有一尺之遥。
From then on,ma hu has been used to describe carelessness.
从那时起，马虎就被用来形容粗心大意。
95 Why 'drinking vinegar’ means jealousy（为什么“喝醋”意味着嫉妒）
'Having vinegar’ means to be jealous,chi cu in China.
“吃醋”在中国意味着嫉妒。
The legend says that a minister was to marry his second wife,according to the order of the emperor.
传说有一个大臣根据皇帝的命令要娶妾。
His first wife was quite jealous.
他的妻子很嫉妒。
The emperor offered two choices for her: if she objected the marriage she should drink poison.
皇帝给了她两个选择:如果她反对这门婚事，她就喝毒药。
The woman willingly drank the poison offered by the emperor.
那女人心甘情愿地喝下了皇帝提供的毒药。
However,she didn't die.
然而，她并没有死。
What she drank was vinegar,instead of poison.
因为喝的是醋，而不是毒药。
The emperor made the prank to test her attitude towards love.
皇帝做了这个恶作剧来测试她对爱情的态度。
From then on,chi cu has been related to jealousy and used to describe the jealousy between lovers.
从那以后，吃醋就和嫉妒联系在一起，用来形容恋人之间的嫉妒。
96 Bosom Buddy（知音）
'Bosom buddy’ called zhi yin in Chinese,refers to the friend who knows you best.
“知音”是指最了解你的朋友。
The ancient story of Boya and Ziqi describes how Chinese define zhi yin.
古老的伯牙和子期的故事描述了中国人如何定义“知音”。
Long,long ago,Boya,who was a master of guqin,a Chinese musical instrument met Ziqi,who was collecting firewood down a mountain.
很久很久以前，中国古琴大师伯牙遇到了下山拾柴火的子期。
While Boya was playing guqin,Ziqi said “I can hear the mountain singing and the water flowing in your music”.
伯牙弹奏古琴时，子期说:“我能听到山在歌唱，水在你的音乐中流淌。”
Ziqin was only a lumberjack he could tell what Boya wanted to express.
子期只是一个砍柴人，他能说出伯牙想要表达的意思。
When Ziqi died,Boya played his guqin for the last time in front of Ziqi’s tomb.
子期死后，伯牙在子期的墓前最后一次弹奏了古琴。
Afterwards,people used the quote about 'high mountains and flowing water’ to describe friends who understand and appreciate each other.
后来，人们用“山高水长”来形容彼此理解、欣赏的朋友。
If someone in China says that you are his or her 'zhi yin’,it means you are his or her best friend.
如果在中国有人说你是他或她的“知音”，意思是你是他或她最好的朋友。
97 Things Chinese language（汉语的东西）
In China,the word 'stuff ’ is composed of two characters representing east and west.
在中国，“stuff”这个词由代表东方和西方的两个汉字组成。
When you put east and west together you get a dongxi.
当你把东方和西方放在一起时，你就得到了一个“东西”。
Long,long ago there was a well-educated ancient scholar who would like to ask why.
很久很久以前，有一个受过良好教育的古代学者，他想问为什么。
One day he met a friend in the street who was carrying a basket to buy some stuff.
有一天，他在街上遇到一个朋友提着一个篮子去买东西。
He wondered why he was buying dongxi,instead of south and north.
他不明白自己为什么要买东西，而不是南和北。
It turns out that in ancient China,wood stands for east,gold stands for west,fire stands for south,and water stands for north.
原来，在中国古代，木代表东方，金代表西方，火代表南方，水代表北方。
We can put wood and gold,not fire and water into a bamboo basket.
我们可以放木头和金子，不能放水火在竹筐。
So,people say they buy dongxi instead of south and north.
所以，人们说他们买东西，而不是南和北。
Thus,dongxi represents stuff.
因此，东西代表物质。
98 Baobei A precious Chinese word（宝贝 一个珍贵的汉语单词）
A special kind of shell was collected and used as money by our ancestors.
我们的祖先收集了一种特殊的贝壳作为货币。
The Chinese character 'bei’ was used to refer to the shape of the shell.
使用汉字“贝”指的是贝壳的形状。
Later,shells were no longer used as money.
后来，贝壳不再被用作货币。
The word 'bao bei’ is now used to describe the things we cherish.
“贝贝”这个词现在用来形容我们所珍惜的东西。
Eventually,bao bei was not only used to describe goods but also people.
最后，宝贝仅被用来形容商品，还被用来形容人。
A child is his parents' bao bei. Lovers also call each other bao bei.
孩子是父母的宝贝情侣们也互相称呼对方
Bao bei has become a term to address loved ones.
宝宝“宝贝”已经成为称呼亲人的一个术语。
99 Numerals Chinese Dao philosophy（数字 中国道哲学）
Numbers,shu zi,have long represented hierarchy order and symbols of nature in China.
数字，在中国长期以来代表着等级秩序和自然的象征。
According to Chinese tradition,Dao produces One,One produces Two then Two produce Three,and Three produce all.
根据中国传统，道生一，一生二，二生三，三生所有。
Shu zi represents the basic order of the universe.
数字代表了宇宙的基本秩序。
The number of 3,5,6 and 9 have even more mysterious connotations in a classic Chinese works,the Book of Changes.
在中国古典著作《易经》中，3、5、6 和 9 这个数字甚至有更神秘的含义。
The five elements theory summarizes the relationship of five basic energies.
五行说概括了五种基本能量之间的关系。
Chinese also lay importance to the use of zhu zi in designing architectures.
中国人也很重视在建筑设计中使用数字。
Chinese are fond of the mysterious use of shu zi.
中国人喜欢神秘的数字用法。
While digital techniques are well-developed,people never stop trying to solve the puzzles.
尽管数字技术发展得很好，但人们从未停止尝试解决谜题。
100 Ru Yi（如意）
From back scratcher to lucky Buddhist scepter
从背部挠痒痒到幸运的佛教权杖。
What do you do if your back itches?
如果你的背部发痒，你会怎么做?
The Chinese made a wooden arm to solve this problem some 1,700 years ago.
大约 1700 年前，中国人制造了一个木手臂来解决这个问题。
It had a lovely name,“accomplish on your own”.
它有一个可爱的名字，”靠自己完成”后来，
Later it merged with a jade plank which was used by high officials to make notes when they met the emperor.
它与一块玉板合二为一，玉板是高官们见皇帝时用来做记录的新的“如意”。
The new one,named ru yi,which mean “everything goes well” in Chinese,represents power.
在中文里的意思是“一切顺利”，代表着权力。
The head,shaped like a glossy mushroom,and patterns of flowers,bats and ancient coins are carved on the handle.
头部，形状像一个光滑的蘑菇，和花卉，蝙蝠和古钱币的图案柄上有泥土。
These elements represent Goodwill in Chinese traditional culture.
这些元素代表中国传统文化中的亲善。
Therefore,it is used in Buddhism as a religious application.
因此，它在佛教中被用作宗教应用。
If you give it to your friends,it means that you wish them good luck.
如果你把它送给你的朋友，这意味着你祝他们好运。
