【管理辞典】加权平均资本成本 / Average Cost of Capital


「释义」
加权平均资本成本(WACC) ,是指企业以各种资本在企业全部资本中所占的比重为权数,对各种长期资金的资本成本加权平均计算出来的资本总成本。
WACC可用来确定具有平均风险投资项目所要求收益率。
「应用场景」
如今许多商业领袖在职业生涯开始的时候,正处于资本相对匮乏的年代,借贷成本高。20世纪80年代早期,美国联邦基金利率一直是两位数,企业债券和股票交易溢价很高。尽管在20世纪80年代末,股东要求的股票和债券回报率回落到“正常”水平,但资本成本仍然居高不下。我们的研究表明,对多数大型上市公司来说,加权平均资金成本,即WACC,在20世纪80、90年代超过10%。
Many of today’s business leaders cut their teeth in a period of relative capital scarcity and high borrowing costs. In the early 1980s, double-digit federal-funds rates prevailed, and corporate debt and equity securities traded at high premiums. Although the required rate of return on stocks and bonds returned to more “normal” levels by the end of the decade, capital costs remained high. Our research suggests that for most large public companies, the weighted average cost of capital, or WACC, exceeded 10% for most of the 1980s and 1990s.
但在2008年末的金融危机之后,世界发生了巨变。许多国家在中央银行的干预下,银行汇率创下历史新低。由于经济增长疲软,其后10年间情况并未发生太多改变。许多管理者认为,现在的利率环境是暂时的,未来会恢复过去的资本市场条件。但我们的研究结论却相反。
But the world changed following the financial collapse in late 2008. Central bank interventions pushed interest rates in many countries to historic lows, where they remain nearly a decade later, owing to tepid economic growth. Many executives believe that the current interest rate environment is temporary and that more-familiar capital market conditions will reassert themselves soon. Our research, however, leads to the opposite conclusion.
以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2017年3月刊《资本过剩年代的战略 》
迈克尔·曼金斯(Michael Mankins)卡伦·哈里斯(Karen Harris)戴维·哈丁(David Harding) | 文
马冰仑 丨编辑