学习笔记，9月4日

一、学习情况总结

今日任务
今天目标√：
背单词+听力短文+阅读短文4篇（   ✓   ）4
写点画点什么（   ✓    ）1
学期强国打卡（   ✓    ）1
论文,写作方法+英语听力阅读 （  ✓    ）6
限时阅读（   ✓  ）2
梳理-当代教育学知识框架  （   ✓    ）1
运动 一一下-（   ✓✓   ）1
核酸+买菜+备菜  （  ✓    ）3

二、感悟与心情

早上五点就被做核酸的广播喊醒了
但一想到起来写论文
感觉压力好大
内容还有很多没有准备
所以说，行动起来~一点点来~

别光想，行动起来，只谈理论没有意义，行动起来才能走出去。

三、今日论文学习经验分享

明尼苏达大学化学系的卡尔教授，团队发表文章400篇，对论文写作经验分享。

 Hi. I'm professor Carr, University of Minnesota department of chemistry. I'd like to talk to you this afternoon about how to go about writing a research paper. Over the years, I and my group have produced about 400 papers and working with new graduate students. I've learned that there's a lot of fear and trepidation at the same time excitement about writing a research paper, especially the first one. And I want to see if I can make it an enjoyable and productive experience for you. I believe that doesn't take that much time to produce a first draft, and that's what I'm gonna focus on this afternoon. Is how to produce a first draft, which is really important. I think one of the biggest problems in writing a research paper, certainly the first one is is suppressing the urge to procrastinate and put off beginning the work. And that's part of my strategy in the way I approach writing research papers.

嗨。我是明尼苏达大学化学系的卡尔教授。今天下午我想和你谈谈如何着手写一篇研究论文。多年来，我和我的团队已经发表了大约400篇论文，并与新的研究生一起工作。我明白了，写一篇研究论文，尤其是第一篇，在兴奋的同时，也有很多恐惧和不安。我想看看我能不能给你一次愉快而富有成效的经历。我相信这并不需要花费太多时间来制作初稿，这就是我今天下午要关注的。如何写出初稿，这一点非常重要。我认为写研究论文的最大问题之一，当然是第一个问题是抑制拖延和推迟开始工作的冲动。这是我写研究论文的策略之一。

So before you get ready to write the paper, there are some important preliminaries. Number one, you should review your own notes that you've taken on, papers that you've read, that are relevant to the work that you're writing up. You should renew your literature search. This is very important to have this done before you start writing your paper.

所以在你准备写论文之前，有一些重要的准备工作。第一，你应该回顾你自己的笔记，你读过的论文，这些都与你正在写的工作有关。你应该重新进行文献检索。在你开始写论文之前，这是非常重要的。

The second preliminary issue is very important, and it goes back to high school. And that is you need to determine who your audience is, I'm sure you were taught this way back when this is important in writing up a research paper, you need to know what the purpose of the paper is. Is it a research paper? Is it a review paper? Is it a tutorial paper? What journal is it intended for? Are the primary readers of the paper going to be undergraduates or researchers? But as always, with any paper, the real primary reader is the reviewer. These are the gatekeepers, and it is very important that you address their concerns. The more you can get them addressed in the first draft, the better off you are finally getting the paper published. So preliminaries don't count for the weekend that you're gonna write your paper. You've got to have your preliminary, he's done.

第二个初步问题非常重要，它要追溯到高中。那就是你需要确定你的读者是谁，我相信你以前学过这一点，这在写研究论文时很重要，你需要知道论文的目的是什么。是研究论文吗？这是一篇评论论文吗？是辅导论文吗？它是为什么杂志准备的？论文的主要读者是本科生还是研究人员？但和往常一样，对于任何报纸来说，真正的主要读者是审稿人。这些都是看门人，您必须解决他们的顾虑，这非常重要。你越能在初稿中解决这些问题，你最终发表的论文就越好。所以准备工作不算在你写论文的那个周末。你必须有你的初步，他已经完成了。

Okay. Now, before getting into the details, I want you to understand what I consider to be the big picture. First of all, pre producing your initial draft is the creative part of the job. And what I want you to do, what I think you need to do is resist the temptation to correct mistakes as you produce this first draft. Your job now, is to produce a Complete first draft, not a perfect first draft. Editing is the second stage of the work. It is the critical thinking, analytical part of the job. And editing at this point. Before you completed your first draft is a waste of time, fixing a sentence and making it perfect if it never appears in the paper, because it turns out to be irrelevant is a waste of time.

好的。现在，在进入细节之前，我想让你了解我所认为的大局。首先，预先制作你的初稿是工作的创造性部分。我想让你们做的是，我认为你们需要做的是在写初稿的时候抵制纠正错误的诱惑。你现在的工作是写出完整的初稿，而不是完美的初稿。编辑是工作的第二阶段。这是批判性思维，分析工作的一部分。并在此时进行编辑。在你完成你的初稿之前是浪费时间，修改一个句子并使其完美，如果它从未出现在论文中，因为它被证明是不相关的，这是浪费时间。

Over the years, i've developed an algorithm, and i've talked a number of my colleagues, and many of them use the same algorithm. It runs roughly as follows. Number one, just get started, don't procrastinate, get something down on paper. Number two, you need to work from an outline. The reason an outline is important is you may not finish the paper in one sitting. You probably won't finish the paper in one sitting. And if you've got an outline, you can pick the workup back where you finished for. You're not gonna have to read it over. You're gonna know where to begin. The third part of this is that the outline is easy to do. So it's actually fun to write an outline. Before you have a paper to write in your head, you've got your data, you've got your your tables of data, you've got your figures, take those and put them in order, arrange them in some logical sequence, much like you might arrange them for a talk.

多年来，我开发了一种算法，我与许多同事交谈过，他们中的许多人都使用相同的算法。它大致运行如下。第一，马上开始，不要拖延，把一些东西写在纸上。第二，你需要从大纲开始工作。大纲之所以重要，是因为你可能无法一口气完成论文。你可能不会一口气完成论文。如果你有一个大纲，你可以在你完成的地方拿回你的工作。你不需要再读一遍。你会知道从哪里开始。第三部分是大纲很容易做。所以写提纲其实很有趣。在你脑子里有一篇论文要写之前，你已经有了数据，你已经有了数据表格，你有了数字，把它们按顺序排列，按照某种逻辑顺序排列它们，就像你在演讲中排列它们一样。

And that list of paper, that list of figures and tables in order is really the outline for the paper.

那份文件清单，那份按顺序排列的图表清单实际上是论文的大纲。

Now the next point is the following. Do not write the introduction to the paper at this time. The introduction is the hardest part of a paper to write. So don't start there, because you're the urge to procrastinate is gonna kick in again. The easiest part of the paper to write is the experimental. It's the part of the paper that you're most familiar with. You've done the experiments how they would done. So write the experimental, and you will be moving forward. It's an easy part to write. The next part of the paper that I would focus on would be the results and discussion following the outline that you created from your list of figures and your list of tables. And this is a little bit more difficult to write than the experimental, but you're really getting started.

现在下一点是以下内容。不要在这个时候写论文的引言。引言是论文中最难写的部分。所以不要从那里开始，因为你拖延的冲动会再次发作。论文中最容易写的部分是实验部分。这是论文中你最熟悉的部分。你已经做了他们会怎么做的实验。所以写实验，你就会继续前进。这部分很容易写。我将关注的论文的下一部分将是你从你的图表列表和表格列表中创建的大纲之后的结果和讨论。这比实验更难写，但你真的开始了。

Now. Basically, you've got a draft consisting of the experimental and the result results and discussion. Once that's done, the really hard part of writing kicks in. And that's doing the hard critical editing, but you got the first draft. That's the important thing. Now, the critical part is when you convert that into clear, concise and coherent English, and make sure that the science that you've written is correct, the final part of the algorithm is the cleanup. Write the conclusions. Personally, I like conclusions or summaries that is a numbered format, conclusion, one, conclusion, two, conclusion three, where these are quite clearly separated from one another. It's easy to see the contributions of the work.

现在。基本上，你已经得到了一份由实验结果和讨论结果组成的草稿。一旦完成，写作中真正困难的部分就开始了。这是在做艰难的批判性编辑，但你得到了初稿。这才是最重要的。现在，关键的部分是当你把它转换成清晰，简洁和连贯的英语，并确保你所写的科学是正确的，算法的最后部分是清理。写下结论。就我个人而言，我喜欢结论或总结，那是一种编号的格式，结论，一，结论，二，结论三，它们彼此之间有很明显的区别。很容易看出这项工作的贡献。

Now we have to do the introduction. There are two very important things that need to be covered into in the introduction. Number one, why was the study done? What is its purpose? Number two, you've got to collect the relevant, essential background Information and put that together in the introduction. You need to be able to give the readers a sufficient background to understand what you did. The very last step in following this out, this algorithm is producing the references for the paper. Actually, I think it's a good idea for you to write some notes. As you go through the the first drafted manuscript, indicating what references might be needed, what they would be about, but not to stop and collect the references at that time, because it's just gonna interrupt the entire flow of the work. But when the manuscript is just about finished, you need to get the exact references so that the reviewers and the readers can really find the Information. Without trouble. It's extremely annoying to reviewers and readers when these are not done properly.

现在我们要做介绍。有两件非常重要的事情需要在介绍中介绍。第一，为什么要做这项研究？它的目的是什么？第二，你必须收集相关的、必要的背景信息，并将其放在介绍中。你需要能够给读者一个足够的背景来理解你所做的。接下来的最后一步，这个算法是为论文产生参考文献。事实上，我认为你写些笔记是个好主意。当你浏览第一份草稿时，指出可能需要的参考文献，它们是关于什么的，但不要在那个时候停下来收集参考文献，因为这只会打断整个工作流程。但当手稿即将完成时，你需要得到确切的参考资料，以便审稿人和读者能够真正找到信息。没有麻烦。当这些没有做好的时候，这对评论家和读者来说是非常恼人的。

So basically you've got the job done now, and I wanna leave you with a few final words. There's an old saying attributed to sir Francis Bacon, reading makeup the full man conference already man and writing an exact man. Each of those things that we do in doing science, we talk to our other, our fellow scientists, we go to conferences a lot of reading, but in producing a paper for publication, that's when we want to focus on our critical skills. When we want to make sure that our scientific arguments are correct and logical. So writing is the most exacting part of what we do as a scientist. Some final points, always review the manuscript requirements for the journal of interest. There's no . in a paper that doesn't follow the manuscript requirements. It will probably be returned unreviewed with a semi nasty note from the editor um.

所以基本上你现在已经完成了工作，我想给你留下几句最后的话。弗朗西斯·培根爵士曾说过一句老话：“阅读《化妆》、《完整的人》、《已经是人了》和《写一个精确的人》。”我们在做科学研究时所做的每一件事，我们与其他科学家同行交谈，我们参加会议，大量阅读，但在发表论文时，我们要专注于我们的关键技能。当我们想要确保我们的科学论证是正确的和合乎逻辑的时候。因此，写作是我们作为科学家所做的工作中最严格的部分。一些最后的要点，总是审查感兴趣的期刊的稿件要求。没有。在一篇不符合稿件要求的论文中。它可能会在未经审查的情况下被退回，并附上编辑的一张半讨厌的便条。

Really, finally, I want to leave you with a few references on writing. There is some classic books here. There are some books very relevant to writing a paper on chemistry. And I want to point out AA wonderful, short paper by professor Royce Murray, the former editor of the journal analytical chemistry, skillful writing of an awful research paper, seven rules to follow. This little paper is a gem, it and mock style tells you the worst things you can do in writing a manuscript. I hope that you'll find this helpful. It was a pleasure being here. Some reviewers get real bent that in shape.

真的，最后，我想给你们留下一些关于写作的参考资料。这里有一些经典书籍。有一些书与写化学论文非常相关。我想指出罗伊斯·默里教授的一篇精彩的短文，他是《分析化学》杂志的前任编辑，一篇糟糕的研究论文的巧妙写作，要遵循的七条规则。这篇小论文是一块宝石，它和模拟风格告诉你在写手稿时你能做的最糟糕的事情。我希望这对你有所帮助。很高兴来到这里。一些评论家在形状上变得非常弯曲。