Renewal-Zone：普利兹克厅更新改造 | 历史名作的当代新生
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过去半个多世纪，加州大学洛杉矶分校（简称UCLA）的心理学系坐落于由三座建筑组成的Franz Hall建筑群中。其中最高的建筑由美国建筑师学会理事、知名建筑师Paul R. Williams设计并于1967年建成，该建筑近来被称为“心理学之塔”，面积达125000平方英尺（约11613平方米）。建筑高11层，包含3层地下和8层地上空间。建筑比例完美，为接近100英尺（约30.5米）见方的立方体。严谨而理性的设计以混凝土网格结构表现在四个立面中，并以不规则设置的窗户或无窗设计进一步定义出空间内部功能，契合心理学研究实验室对内部环境的控制需求。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
建筑结构在抗震方面被发现有所不足，心理学项目的需求也在不断增长，这些促使了UCLA对这座历史建筑启动了现代化改造。CO Architects受邀进行设计，该事务所在学校建筑的翻新和基础项目方面的实践，可回溯到20世纪80年代中期，其中包括对Royce Hall (由Allison and Allison创作, 建于1929)和Botany Building (由Williams设计，建于1959)的历史建筑翻新和抗震升级。安东尼和珍妮普利兹克家族基金会（The Anthony & Jeanne Pritzker Family Foundation）为更新改造项目投入3000万美金，建筑随后更名为普利兹克厅。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
建筑设计致力于保留原始设计语言，同时为建筑融入现代化。原建筑由知名建筑师Paul Revere Williams于1967年打造。鉴于项目具备入选美国历史名胜名录的资质（目前尚未列入），该项目被视为一项历史性的更新工程。迫切需要改良的抗震性能，与心理学系新的学术需求共同推动了该项目。这些因素也为位列美国第三（依据美国新闻与世界报道）的心理学院校提供了一个展示全新形象的机会。在这座11层的建筑中，125000平方英尺（约11613平方米）的面积涵盖了新教室、协作空间、干燥实验研究空间、便利设施、办公室和双层中庭。这些设施与提升措施为建筑带来了更多的自然采光、修复或细致更换的部分材料，景观也得到了升级。项目以LEED银级为初始目标，最终达到了铂金级认证。更新后的普利兹克大厅保留了威廉姆斯的标志性设计和细节，打造了现代化的学习环境，确保了地震安全性能，并提升了学校作为历史建筑的管理者的声誉。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
塔楼的四个立面1至2层为双层高度的拱廊。3到8层均采用裸露的混凝土网格结构。每个立面的开口设置具有节奏感，每个开口顶部和底部轻微弯曲，顶部为有角度的水泥灰泥梁，底部的托梁支撑着窗户或水泥灰泥面板。原单窗格窗户采用电镀铝框架和铜色玻璃。建筑包含有窗的教室和办公室，以及用于临床研究的私密无窗空间，威廉姆斯设计的网格立面呈现出一种窗户贯穿始终的视觉效果。
作为改造的一部分，之前棕色调的网格结构被重新粉饰为清新的明亮色调，更加匹配UCLA校园的米色混凝土风格。原有的窗框被重新粉刷，为了更好地融合色彩和轮廓，100个新的窗户安装在选定的位置。其余的窗格则用涂以反光青铜色的水泥灰泥板覆盖，日照下在视觉上与其他窗户保持一致。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
建筑底部的双层拱廊选用了喷砂的方形混凝土柱、横梁和混凝土网格天花板。位于北侧的主入口处，原有一层围墙采用了深色铝制框架，无窗的二层则以水泥灰泥板覆盖。CO设计的新的双层幕墙为建筑提供了更新的形象和入口，从邻近的广场和喷泉处可以看到扩充后的大厅设有供学习空间。幕墙以铝制框架结构配以垂直翅片和高性能隔热玻璃。喷漆的铝制阴影盒被融入幕墙之中，作为周边拱廊处水泥灰泥板的延续。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
项目启动之初，建筑内部的装饰大多为原始状态，自建成后仅有小幅度更新。这座56年历史的建筑迫切需要进行重大的现代化改造，以提升教学研究环境的空间质量和布局。
CO的室内团队对新的双层大堂饰面进行了升级，唤起人们对建筑原始设计元素的印象。建筑原始设计方案在UCLA的存档为更新工作提供了参考，文件包括了威廉姆斯为电梯厅设计的大理石金属覆层细节。为了尽可能保留更多的原始特色，CO在进行重新设计师与大学的历史顾问Page & Turnbull一起确定了最佳的设计方案和材料选择。设计团队没有拆除原有的大理石墙面和水磨石地面，而是选择保持表面的完好并在上方覆盖新的兼容材料。原有的大理石墙面外加上了新的卡拉卡塔拼配大理石板，地面上浇筑了色彩清新轻盈的水磨石层。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
大厅被打开为双层之后，原有的华夫格形板显露出来，一直延伸至室外拱廊的下方。原来的圆形顶灯以风格类似而能效更高的LED灯替代，突显了华夫格形天花板的同时划分出学生所用的协作空间。二层大厅中透明玻璃护栏拥有铜制扶手，呼应威廉姆斯设计的铜制框架；新的水磨石地面中的黄铜分隔条与原有的柱网和外部拱廊相互匹配。
大厅的学生区提供了高桌、会议设施、低矮的休闲座椅和圆形沙发等丰富家具，为会议、学习和社交提供了便利。区域分布的地毯定义出了私密区域，并具有隔音效果。大厅的大型媒体墙展示着心理系的研究成果和活动事件，增加了院系与教职人员、学生和访者间的互动。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
为了迎合现代学习的需求，上方的楼层经过彻底翻新，将教室、会议室、干燥实验室和升级后的办公室容纳其中，其中包括10个新教室（含2个主动学习工作室）、两个计算机实验室、一个研究生休息室、四个会议室和一个咨询中心。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
升级后的电梯大堂设有长椅、白橡木墙壁和装有LED集成灯具的木格栅天花板，定义出每个楼层入口的同时营造了温馨宜人的氛围。电梯也以不锈钢重新装饰，空间中丰富的材料色调一扫过去临床空间的单调气息。由于原来的无窗设置，在走廊内难以辨别方向。改造后，新增的窗户和色彩鲜艳的特色墙在走廊尽头营造的角落，便于学生间的协作的同时也成为了标识指引。走廊的可粘性表面也让张贴的海报井井有条。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
教室和会议室以夹层玻璃围合，带有定制图案的中层玻璃满足了严格的声学要求，具有良好的视觉隐私性。办公室由带有乳白色玻璃侧灯的通高白橡木门进入。这些特色元素既保证了视觉和听觉的隐蔽性，也让人一瞥内部的活动。
原有的机械电力系统得到了升级，教室、会议室和公共空间均提供集成视听，便于主动学习和交流。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
设计团队与大学进行了紧密合作，对原建筑的抗震性能进行评估并确定出结构所需的微调措施。项目的结构工程顾问KPFF与UCLA的工程学院一同加入，进行了多方面的计算和物理建模研究，以及对原混凝土结构的材料测试。学校的工程实验室打造了一部分1:3的建筑模型，并通过了模拟地震运动的严格震动测试。这项研究分析使得设计团队最大限度减少对原设计的完整性和建筑特色的影响。最终确立的方案在建筑外部的双层拱廊及内部的固定位置增加细长的结构粘滞阻尼器，在地震期间作为建筑减震器。外部拱廊阻尼处的钢饰边经过细致处理，与混凝土柱融为一体。建筑内部的阻尼器显露在半透明玻璃后的教室和会议室中。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
建筑入口处新增了场地元素和景观，破旧的纪念性楼梯由新的入口阶梯、护栏、扶手和通向前门的无障碍坡道所替代。景观设计同时整合了许多座位区，人们可以在此聚集和休憩，观赏到临近广场上的倒置喷泉。植物配置方面选择了常用于更正式的景观中的本土加州植物，为当地生物提供栖息地。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
项目被要求至少达到LEED的绿色建筑银级标准。在整个设计建造过程中，设计团队与学校紧密合作超越这一基准，在项目的限制和预算范围内尽可能打造出更可持续的项目。可持续性涵盖节水/低水流量管道设施、增强能效（LED照明和先进的照明控制）、高效节能的空调系统、分区控制和增强调试。项目使用的室内建筑材料具有很高的可回收性。作为项目的重点，为了实现更好的室内环境质量，通过材料的选择和低碳排放材料的使用达到了空气质量的优化。温度的舒适性是其中一项重点，二氧化碳监测设备控制室外空气的输送。项目获得了美国绿色建筑协会的LEED铂金认证。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
CO建筑事务所总部位于洛杉矶，事务所在高等教育、科技、医疗健康领域的建筑设计、规划和设计作品在美国广受赞誉，与东西海岸的一流机构开展合作。专业领域涵盖变革性医学卫生专业学校、高级研究教学实验室，以及高等教育、医疗健康和城市校园的创新临床设施。由于出色的设计和项目呈现，事务所收获了美国国内和国际上的高度认可，荣获超过175个美国国内和国际设计奖项，其中包括美国建筑师协会加州分会颁发的年度公司奖项。
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
UCLA's Psychology Department has been housed in the three-building Franz Hall complex for more than 50 years. The tallest building in the complex, most recently referred to as the Psychology Tower, was designed by influential architect Paul R. Williams, FAIA, and completed in 1967. The 125,000-square-foot, 11-story building spans three basement levels plus eight above-grade stories. The well-proportioned building is almost a cube, roughly 100 feet square by 100 feet tall. Williams' rigorous and rational design employed a structural concrete grid on all four façades, which was further tailored to the interior function by the irregular placement of windows (or lack of windows) where psychology research laboratories preferred to control the internal environment.
Seismic deficiencies discovered in the structure—along with the growing requirements of the psychology program—prompted UCLA to modernize the historic structure. The university engaged CO Architects, whose renovation and ground-up projects for the school date back to the mid-1980s, and include historic renovations and seismic upgrades of Royce Hall (Allison and Allison, 1929) and Botany Building (Williams, 1959). The Anthony & Jeanne Pritzker Family Foundation committed $30 million toward the renovation of the tower, which was renamed Pritzker Hall.
CO Architects aimed to blend familiarity with modernity while preserving Pritzker Hall's original design language that was established in 1967 by celebrated architect Paul Revere Williams, FAIA. The project was approached as an historic renovation, given the building's eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (though not currently listed). Much-needed seismic improvements, coupled with new academic requirements for the Psychology Department, drove the project. These factors also provided an opportunity to present a new departmental face to the university for the third-ranked psychology program in the country (according to US News & World Report). Within the 125,000-square-foot, 11-story building are new classrooms, collaboration spaces, dry lab research spaces, amenities, offices, and a new double-height lobby that accommodates both amenity and study areas for students. These and other upgrades include bringing more natural light into the building, restoring or sensitively replacing materials, and upgrading landscape. Initially targeting LEED Silver, the project was ultimately awarded LEED Platinum certification. The renovated Pritzker Hall preserves Williams' iconic design and detailing, provides updated learning environments, assures seismically safe spaces, and enlarges the university's reputation as a steward of historically significant architecture.
All four of the tower's façades feature an exposed structural concrete grid system from the third to eighth floors set atop a double-height arcade at the first two levels. A regular rhythm of openings is consistent across each façade; every opening is slightly curved at the top and bottom and features angled cement plaster headers and spandrels holding either a window or a cement plaster panel. The original single-pane windows had bronze-anodized aluminum frames with bronze-tinted glazing. Even though the building combines windowed classrooms and offices with private, windowless rooms for clinical research, Williams designed the gridded façade to present the illusion that fenestration exists throughout.
As part of the renovation, the structural grid, which was previously painted in brown and tan tones, was repainted a brighter shade to better match the prevalent UCLA buff-colored concrete. Existing window frames were also repainted, and approximately 100 new windows were installed at select locations to match in color and profile. The remaining cement plaster panels were painted with a reflective bronze tone, so they appear consistent with the windows in daylight.
The double-height arcade at the base of the building features sandblasted square concrete columns and beams with a concrete waffle-slab ceiling. At the main entry on the north side, the original enclosure walls on the first floor had dark aluminum storefront framing, and the windowless second floor was clad with cement plaster. CO designed a new double-height curtainwall to provide an updated identity and entry for the building, as well as an expanded lobby with student study space that is visible from the adjacent plaza and fountain. The curtainwall utilizes aluminum framing members with projecting vertical fins and high-performance insulated glazing. A painted aluminum shadowbox is integrated into the curtainwall to provide continuation of the adjacent cement plaster banding around the arcade.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
At the outset of this renovation project, the tower's interior finishes were mostly original, with only minimal updates made since completion. The 56-year-old building was in dire need of significant modernization to improve the quality and layout of its teaching and research environments.
CO's interiors team upgraded finishes in the new double-height lobby to recall the building's original design elements within the space. UCLA archived the building's original plans, which CO Architects referenced for the updates. The documents included Williams' details of the marble and metal cladding at the elevator lobby. Wanting to retain as many original details as possible in the redesign, CO worked with the university's historical consultant, Page & Turnbull, to determine the best design solutions and material selections. Instead of demolishing the existing marble feature walls and terrazzo flooring, the design team chose to leave these surfaces intact and build on top of them with new, compatible materials. New book-matched Calacatta marble slabs were added over the existing marble walls, and atop the floors a fresh, lighter-colored terrazzo coating was poured.
Opening the lobby to two stories exposed the original waffle slab, which continues out to the exterior beneath the arcade. Original circular dome lights were replaced with similarly styled, more-efficient LED fixtures, and complementary ring pendants highlight the waffle slab and define student collaboration spaces. Clear glass guardrails with a gradient bronze pattern in the upper lobby honor Williams' original bronze window-framing members, while brass divider strips in the new terrazzo flooring align with the existing column grid and the exterior arcade.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
Student areas within the lobby offer a variety of furnishings that accommodate meetings, studying, and socialization. Options range from high-top tables and conference settings to low lounge seating and circular sofas. Area rugs define intimate zones and contribute to acoustic absorption. A large media wall in the lobby displays research and events happening within the psychology department, increasing the department's interface with its community of faculty, students, and visitors.
The tower's upper levels were completely gutted and renovated to accommodate modern learning needs, such as classrooms, conference rooms, dry labs, and upgraded offices. The program includes 10 new classrooms (including two active learning studios), two computer labs, a graduate student lounge, four conference rooms, and an advising center.
Upgraded elevator lobbies feature bench seating, white oak-clad walls, and wood grille ceilings with integrated LED linear lighting to define the entry to each floor, as well as lend a warm and inviting atmosphere. The elevators have been refaced with stainless steel, resulting in a rich material palette in spaces that were previously tired and clinical in nature. Existing corridors did not have any windows, which made wayfinding difficult. “Nooks” with new windows and brightly colored accent walls were created at the ends of the corridors to foster student collaboration and aid orientation. Tackable surfaces lining corridors keep posters organized.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
Classrooms and conference rooms are enclosed with laminated glass that incorporates a custom-patterned interlayer to address stringent acoustic and visual privacy requirements. Offices are accessed through full-height white-oak doors with milky white glass sidelights. These features provide a glimpse of activity within while maintaining visual and acoustic privacy.
Existing mechanical and electrical systems were upgraded, and audio-visual integration within classrooms, conference rooms, and public spaces was provided to allow for active learning and communication.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
The university and the design team worked closely together to evaluate and determine the seismic resistance of the existing building in order to fine tune the structural retrofit that would be required. The project's structural engineer (KPFF) joined forces with UCLA School of Engineering to execute an extensive computational and physical modeling study, coupled with a materials testing program for the existing concrete structure. A 1/3-scale mockup of a portion of the building was constructed in a UCLA Engineering laboratory and was rigorously shake tested to simulate seismic movements. This study and analysis allowed the design team to minimize the impact to the architectural character and integrity of Williams' original mid-century design. The final solution provides slender structural viscous dampers (which act as building shock absorbers during a seismic event) at the double-height exterior arcade of the building, as well as at selected locations inside the building. Steel trim was carefully detailed at the exterior arcade dampers to integrate with the concrete columns. Inside the building, selected dampers are exposed within classrooms and conference rooms behind translucent glazing.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
New site elements and landscape were included at the entry of the building, replacing the deteriorating monumental stairs with new entry stairs, guardrails, handrails, and an accessible sloping pathway to the front door. The landscape also integrates many seating areas that allow for serendipitous gatherings and places to rest and view the inverted fountain in the adjoining plaza. The planting design incorporates the use of California native plants in a more formal landscape; California Sycamores, Coffeeberry, Bush Anemone, Giant Chain Fern, and California Myrtle provide habitat for local fauna and flora.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
The design team was required to provide a project with at least Silver LEED certification. During design and construction, the design and building team worked closely with UCLA to exceed this baseline and provide the most sustainable project possible within the project and budget constraints. Sustainable features include water-efficient/low-flow plumbing fixtures, enhanced energy performance (including LED lighting and advanced lighting controls), high-efficiency HVAC systems, zoning controls, and enhanced commissioning. The interior building materials utilized on the project also had a high recycled content. Indoor environmental quality was a focus on the project and materials and low-emitting materials were selected throughout the project to optimize indoor air quality. Thermal comfort was a focus (ASHRE 55) and CO2 monitoring controls outdoor air delivery. The project was awarded LEED Platinum certification (2009 Commercial Interiors) by USGBC.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
Los Angeles-based CO Architects is nationally recognized for architectural planning, programming, and design in the higher education, science and technology, and healthcare sectors, and works with leading institutions from coast to coast. CO Architects' specialized expertise includes transformative schools of medicine and health professions, advanced research and teaching laboratories, and innovative clinical facilities on higher education, healthcare, and urban campuses. The firm has been nationally and internationally recognized with more than 175 awards for design and project delivery, including the American Institute of Architects, California Council's Architecture Firm of the Year Award.
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
Architect/Interior Designer: CO Architects
Scott Kelsey, FAIA, principal in charge
Jorge de la Cal, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, principal/project director
Fabian Kremkus, AIA, LEED GA, design principal
Phillip White, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, associate principal/project manager
Sussan Movassagh, Assoc. AIA, associate/senior designer
Rachel J. Bascombe, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, associate/designer
Jorge Colón, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, senior associate/interior design director
Scott Lindquist, intern
Client: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Size: 125,000 square feet (82,000 square feet renovated), 11 levels (three below grade; eight above-ground levels are included in the renovation scope)
Budget: $34,650,000
Construction Manager at Risk: Rudolph and Sletten
MEP Engineer and LEED Consulting: Affiliated Engineers (AEI)
Structural and Civil Engineer: KPFF Engineering
Landscape Architect: Studio-MLA
Lighting Designer: KGM Architectural Lighting
Acoustical Consultant: Waveguide
Environmental Graphic Designer: SKA Design
Historic Consultant: Page & Turnbull
Furniture Systems Selection Assistance / Procurement / Installation: Tangram Interiors
Photographer: Kim Rodgers
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