passage 8 单一民族国家

★★★★★

先看题：

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 主旨目的，看框架

2. The author of the passage quotes Urban and Sherzer most probably in order to  结构，定位他俩支持引号内

3. According to the passage, Hill and Spicer define nations as which of the following? 直接细节    

文章框架：

①According to Hill and Spicer, the term “nation-state” is a misnomer, since the ideal model of a monolingual, culturally homogeneous state has never existed, not even among Europeans, who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world. ②Modern European states, they argue, emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations (i.e., specific ethnic groups) to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories. ③The term “nation-state”, Hill and Spicer argue, obscures the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.” ④The resurgence of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction of the state,” as Urban and Sherzer suggest; rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.

①

↓

②

↓

③

↓

④

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. discuss issues relating to a form of political organization by raising doubts about the terminology used to refer to it 

B. trace changes in a form of political organization by examining the evolution of the terminology used to refer to 无关/没有证据 

C. justify the continued use of an established term for an evolving form of political organization 相反 

D. question the accuracy of a new term for a form of political organization 无关/相反 

E. compare two terms for a form of political organization 没有证据 

文章讲解：

①According to Hill and Spicer, the term “nation-state” is a misnomer[剑1] , since the ideal model of a monolingual, culturally homogeneous state has never existed, not even among Europeans, who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world.[剑2]  ②Modern European states, they argue, emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations (i.e., specific ethnic groups) to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories.[剑3]  ③The term “nation-state”, Hill and Spicer argue, obscures the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.” [剑4]  ④The resurgence [剑5] of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction [剑6] of the state,” as Urban and Sherzer suggest; rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric [剑7] beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution [剑8] or cultural assimilation[剑9] into the dominant ethnic group.[剑10] 

[剑1] [,mɪs'nomɚ] a wrong or unsuitable name

[剑2]观点，单一民族国家压根不存在

[剑3]顺承观点，现代欧洲国家起源于一个民族在政治领土内统治了其他民族

[剑4]顺承观点，所以这个就忽略了文化语言的多样性，而统治民族国家更确切

[剑5]复苏

[剑6]司法权；审判权；管辖权

[剑7] [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] 种族[民族，集团]优越感的〔含贬义〕

[剑8] [,pɝsɪ'kjʊʃən] (尤指因宗教、政治信仰或种族而遭受的) 迫害

[剑9]同化

[剑10]会揭露以前不好的事实，对多数民族产生威胁，不敢造次，所以给少数民族带来更多享有平等权利的机会，而不会是带来迫害或者文化同化的后果。

根据难度平衡原则，文章难题目一般都容易。

这一篇最难的应该就是最后一句了，其实看不懂内容一样可以解题。

我们就把最后一句的后半句，拿出来做个解析：

... the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.

2. The author of the passage quotes Urban and Sherzer most probably in order to  他俩支持引号内

A. introduce a discussion of the legal ramifications [剑1] of expanding the nation-state concept 没有证据

B. summarize a claim about one possible effect of asserting cultural differences within a state 符合

C. shift the focus of discussion from internal threats that states face to external threats that they face 没有证据

D. point out similarities between the threats to states seen by Urban and Sherzer and those seen by Hill 相反

E. describe one way an ethnocentric practice has affected attempts to assert cultural differences within a state 种族中心论会影响在国家承认文化差异的尝试，无关/相反

 

 [剑1]衍生后果，派生影响

3. According to the passage, Hill and Spicer define nations as which of the following? 直接细节    

A. coalition[剑2] s of distinct ethnic groups with similar concerns 没有证据

B. Distinct ethnic groups 

C. Culturally homogeneous states 相反

D. Linguistically diverse states 无关

E. Territorially bounded states 无关

 

 [剑2]联合，联盟