-ig and -iĝ

The -ig and -iĝ suffixes express a change of state. -ig means to cause a change, while -iĝ means to experience a change, or change from one state to another:

后缀-ig 和 -iĝ表示状态的改变。 -ig意为引起改变，而-iĝ意为经历一场改变或者从一个状态转变为另一种状态：

The above example show how the -ig and -iĝ suffixes can be used with adjectives. They can also be used with verbs:

上述例子展示了-ig 和 -iĝ与形容词搭配使用，并对形容词本身产生什么样的影响。此外，这两个后缀也能够和动词搭配使用：

As you can see in the examples above, verbs ending in -ig always require an object, while those ending in -iĝ never do. In grammatical terns, the -ig verbs are transitive, while the -iĝ verbs are intransitive.

如你所见，以-ig结尾的动词通常需要跟着一个宾语。而那些以-iĝ结尾的动词后边则不需要跟宾语。在语法术语中，含有-ig后缀的动词是及物动词，而含有iĝ后缀的单词则是不及物动词，

Many verbs in English can be both transitive and intransitive, but this is not possible in Esperanto, in which verbs are normally either transitive or intransitive, but not both. 

在英语里面，有不少单词就是及物动词又是不及物动词，但在世界语里面并不会出现这种情况：要么是及物动词，要么是不及物动词。

In English, we can say "The girl closed the window" and "The window closed" using the same verb, even thought the meaning is slightly different: 

在英语中，我们能够用用一个动词说"The girl closed the window" 和"The window closed" ，虽然这两句话的意思稍有不同：

in the first sentence the girl is acting on the window, while in the second the window became closed by itself. Examples of English words that can be both transitive and intransitive include "to open", "to close", "to start", "to finish", "to change" and "to move". 

在第一句话中，女孩把关闭这个动作施加在了窗户上，而第二句则是门自己关上了。既是及物动词又是不及物动词的英语单词还有"to open", "to close", "to start", "to finish", "to change" 和"to move". 

These verbs in Esperanto-- malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ŝangi, movi--are all transitive, and to make them intransitive you must add the suffix -iĝ:

这些世界语单词：malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ŝangi, movi——都是及物动词，而要让它们变成不及物动词，你必须要加上后缀-iĝ:

Here are some example sentences using words from the two charts above:

下面是上述两个表格中的单词例句：

It is also possible to add the -iĝ ending to intransitive verbs like sidi (to sit, be sitting) and kuŝi (to lie, be lying down). In this setting the addition of -iĝ indicates a change of position to achieve a new state:

-iĝ 也可以跟不及物动词组合→例如sidi（坐） 和 kuŝi（趟）。这种添加后缀-iĝ 所表达的是从现有的状态转变到新的状态：

• Li sidiĝis sur la sofo. 
  He sat down on the sofa. (He "became sitting" on the sofa.) 

  他坐到了沙发上（开始坐在沙发上）

• La hundo kuŝiĝis sur la planko.
  The dog lay down on the floor. (The dog "became lying" on the floor.)

  狗躺在了地板上（狗开始躺在地板上）

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Ig-ig/tips-and-notes

翻译：vanilo