《太空定居的三十一个里程碑》译文版 第一期
原文由美国国家空间学会（NNS）于2019年出品。
《太空定居的三十一个里程碑》译文版 简介第一节
nss-roadmap-to-space-settlement-3rd-edition-2018-contents
INTRODUCTION 1
GENERAL DRIVERS FOR SPACE SETTLEMENT
促使太空定居发展的常规驱动力
There are a multitude of forces pushing for space settlement. Some of the most important reasons, rationales, and goals are:
有许多力量正在推动「太空定居」的发展。以下是其中一些最重要的原因、理论和目标：
Improving the quality of life on Earth.
改善地球上的生活质量。
Providing space-based services via satellites to Earth, such as improved communications, remote sensing, navigation, and weather prediction.
通过卫星向地球提供空基服务，如改善通信、遥感、导航和天气预测。
Greatly enhancing the chances for the long-term survival of humanity and other Earth species by ending the “all of the eggs in one basket” problem. In the words of poet Leslie Fish, “If you would not perish then grow.”
通过解决「将所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里」的问题，极大地提高了人类和其他地球物种长期生存的机会。若用诗人Leslie Fish的话来说，“如果你不想灭亡，那就成长"。
Developing and using space resources to reducehumanity’s reliance on Earth-based resources and industry.
开发和利用宇宙空间的资源，减少人类对地球资源和工业的依赖。
Protecting Earth and its environment from asteroid impacts and climate change.
保护地球及其环境免受小行星撞击和气候变化的影响。
A future that includes the expansion of humanity into space
is vastly preferable to one in which we are limited to the
resources of Earth.
建立一个人类能向太空扩展的未来，总比我们局限于地球资源要好得多。
This roadmap describes the major milestones to be met, and the primary barriers to be overcome, to achieve the NSS Vision.
该计划描述了为实现NSS愿景而需要达到的主要里程碑，以及需要克服的主要障碍。
In this context, a milestone is an accomplishment or event that significantly promotes or advances any of the reasons, rationales,or goals listed above.
在这种背景下，一个里程碑就是一个成就或事件，它极大地促进或推动了上面列出的任何原因、理论或目标的实现。
These milestones should not be thoughtof as arranged along a single route, but instead marking major nodes along the branches of different possibilities.
这些里程碑不应该被认为是一种单线性规划，相反的，它标志着不同可能性分支产生的主要节点。
While the roadmap to some extent highlights what can and should be done by the United States, which to date has been the leader in off-Earth space exploration and development, it is equally applicable to all countries.
虽然该路线图在某种程度上强调了某国可以和应该做的事情，而某国迄今为止一直是地球外太空探索和发展的领导者，但它同样适用于所有国家。
Eventually, all nations may participate in achieving this vision and reaping its fruits.
最终，所有国家都可能参与实现这一愿景并收获成果。
NSS has defined 31 major milestones based on our current knowledge and perspective.
NSS根据人类目前的知识和观点，确定了31个主要的里程碑。
These can be achieved with incremental advances in current technologies.
这些里程碑可以通过当前技术的渐进式发展来实现。
However, researchers around the world are pushing the frontiers of science in many fields, and new breakthroughs may enable us to leapfrog currently accepted milestones at any time.
然而，世界各地的研究人员正在多个领域推动科学向前迈步，新的突破可能使我们在任何时候都能跨越目前公认的里程碑。
Some of these milestones must be reached prior to the settlement of cislunar space, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and eventually, other star systems.
其中部分里程碑必须在定居卫星空间、月球、火星、小行星，以及最终定居其他恒星系统之前达到。
Specific milestones then follow for each of these destinations.
然后，每个目的地都会有具体的里程碑。
These milestones are presented here, with commentary on their current status, along with the changes and developments necessary toreach them.
我们将介绍这些里程碑，并对其现状进行了评论，以及为达到这些里程碑所需的变化和发展。
Surpassing these milestones will require a combination of governmental and nongovernmental efforts.
要超越这些里程碑，需要政府和非政府的共同努力。
The goals of populating space and utilizing its resources must be pursued by multiple governments and a variety of private groups, and while political and economic factors will drive much of this activity, the settlement of space will ultimatelybe driven by the basic human need to survive and thrive.
太空定居和利用其资源的目标必须由多个政府和各种私人团体来完善，即便政治和经济因素将起到推动作用，但太空定居最终将由人类对生存和繁荣的基本需求所驱动。
以下是全文目录，先行放出，持续更新。
INTRODUCE 1 「Done」
GENERAL DRIVERS FOR SPACE SETTLEMENT
INTRODUCE 2
GENERAL BARRIERS TO SPACE SETTLEMENT
PART ONE: General Milestones
MILESTONE 1
Dramatically Lower Launch Costs to Orbit
MILESTONE 2
Continuous Human Occupancy in Low-Earth Orbit
MILESTONE 3
Development of a SpaceTourism Industry
MILESTONE 4
Establishment of In-Space Commerce by Private Companies
MILESTONE 5
Crew Habitats for Use Beyond Low-Earth Orbit
MILESTONE 6
Use of Rotational Artificial Gravity for Habitats & Industry
MILESTONE 7
Legal Protection of Property & Other Rights
MILESTONE 8
Land Grants or Other Economic Incentives for Space Settlement
MILESTONE 9
Technology for Adequate Self-Sufficiency
MILESTONE 10
Demonstration of Multi-Generational Human Survival off Earth
MILESTONE 11
An Effective Asteroid Protection System
MILESTONE 12
In-Space Fabrication & Construction of Large Pressurized & UnpressurizedSingle-Piece Structures
PART TWO: Utilization and Development of Cislunar Space
MILESTONE 13
Use of Space Technology and Resources on & for Earth
MILESTONE 14
An Integrated Cislunar Space Transportation & LogisticsSystem
MILESTONE 15
Robust Space Infrastructure for Human & Robotic Operations
MILESTONE 16
Development of the First Equatorial Low-Earth Orbit Settlement
MILESTONE 17
Space Solar Power System
PART THREE: To the Moon
MILESTONE 18
Robotic Confirmation of Lunar Resources
MILESTONE 19
A Lunar Research and Development Facility
MILESTONE 20
A Continuously Occupied Multi-Purpose Lunar Base
MILESTONE 21
A Permanent Lunar Settlement
PART FOUR: On to Mars
MILESTONE 22
Robotic Exploration of Mars for Local (In Situ) Resources
MILESTONE 23
An Integrated Martian Space Transportation & Logistics System
MILESTONE 24
A Continuously Occupied Multi-Purpose Mars Surface Base
MILESTONE 25
A True Martian Settlement
PART FIVE: Asteroid Mining and Orbital Space Settlements
MILESTONE 26
Robotic Characterization of Asteroids
MILESTONE 27
Utilization of Asteroids
MILESTONE 28
Development of Orbital Space Settlements
PART SIX: Additional Expansion and Greater Sustainability of Human Civilization
MILESTONE 29
Terraforming and Para-Terraforming
MILESTONE 30
Development of Interstellar Travel and Settlement
MILESTONE 31
Survival of Humanity via Space Settlement
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LINKS：
https://space.nss.org/nss-roadmap-to-space-settlement-3rd-edition-2018-contents/
