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多邻国世界语Tips and notes food 食物篇(中英对照)

2018-01-06 19:26 作者:汪哲咚汪  | 我要投稿

meat dishes
荤菜

to talk about meat dishes, add -aĵ to the name of the animal that the dish is made from.
说到荤菜,直接在动物的名词后面加上-aĵ就可以指出这肉是什么肉了

for example, to talk about "pork" (meat from a pig), you use the word for pig (porko) and add the suffix -aĵ : porkaĵo.
例如猪肉,你把porko 和后缀-aĵ结合起来,就得到了猪肉一词:porkaĵo

to say "i am eating pork", you would say mi manĝas porkaĵon. 

你可能会把“我在吃猪肉”说成mi manĝas porkaĵon.

the same sentence without -aĵ , mi manĝasporkon would mean "i am eating a pig."

 同样的句子中如果没加 –aĵ:mi manĝas porkon ,意思就是:我在吃猪

breakfast, lunch & dinner

 三餐(论中文之博大精深)

matenmanĝo = breakfast, the morning meal 早饭

tagmanĝo = lunch, the midday meal 午饭

vespermanĝo = dinner, the evening meal 晚饭


prepositions

介词

so far we have learned several prepositions, including sur, por, sen,de, da and kun.

 我们已经给学过一些介词,包括:sur por sen de da 和kun

note that there is no accusative -n for nouns after prepositions except in specific instances, which will be introduced later.

 注意,除了某些情况外,跟在介词后面的名词不用加上词尾-n,特殊情况会在后面会讲到

subject or object after "ol"

 放在“ol”后面的主语或者宾语

ol (than), is a conjunction (a connecting word like "and")that functions as a comparison word.

 ol(than)是个连词(像“and”那样),一个具有比较功能的连词

either a subject or an object can follow it

 主语或者宾语都能跟着它

just as in english:

 就像在英语那样

ni amas ŝin pli ol ilin.

we love her more than [we love] them.

(the object ilin follows ol.)

我们爱她胜过他们(宾语ilin跟着ol)

li amas la hundon pli ol ili amas ĝin.

he loves the dog more than they love it.

(the subject ili follows ol.)

他爱那狗胜过他们爱那条狗(主语ili跟在ol)

jen

jen means "here is" or "here are" like the following:

jen的意思是“here is ”或者“here are”,例如:

jen la hundo. = here is the dog.(这有一条狗)

although less common, jen may be followed by estas anda noun, for example:

尽管不常见,jen后面可能跟着estas或者一个名词:

jen estas la hundo. = here is the dog.(这里有一条狗)


kun and kune

kun和kune


correlatives

关联词

you may have noticed that all the question words start with ki-,except for ĉu.

 你可能发现除了ĉu之外,所有的疑问词都是以ki-开头的。

 the letter or letters after ki- in the question word, i.e. the ending, indicates what kind of question it is.

 在疑问词中,ki-后面会跟着字母(们),即结尾,以此来指代它是哪种类型的问题:

in this module we introduce the group of words ending

 在这图中,我们介绍了不同结尾的单词表达的意思

in -om which relate to quantity.

以-om结尾的是和数量相关的词

all of these words in both tables are part of a group in esperanto called correlatives.

 表格里面的世界语单词,是世界语关联词的一部分

5 beginnings and 9 endings can be combined logically together to form 45(5x9) basic words.

 5个开头和9个结尾能够组成45个基础单词

uses of da and de after the -iom group of correlatives.

 在-iom一类关联侧后面使用da和de

kiom, tiom, iom, and ĉiom are followed by da, when they refer to quantities that are indefinite:

 当kiom ,tiom,iom和ĉiom 涉及数量未确切的时候,它们后面跟着da

例如:

kiom da akvo vi trinkas? 

how much water are you drinking?

 你喝了多少水?

li manĝas iom da kuko.

he eats some cake.

 他吃一些蛋糕

when referring to amounts of a definite quantity, we use de:

 当涉及确切数量的时候,我们就用de了

mi manĝas iom de la granda kuko.

i am eating some of the big cake.

 我吃了一些大蛋糕

kiom de la sandviĉo li manĝas?

how much of the sandwich is he eating?

 他正在吃多少块三明治?


neniom is usually used alone, since it describes the absence of a quantity.

 Neniom通常单独使用,因为它描述的是没有数量的状态

for example:

mi havas neniom. = i have none.

 我一无所有

原文:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Food

翻译:vanilo

封面:害怕

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