多邻国世界语tips and notes countries国家篇（中英对照）

country names and nationalities

 国家名字及民族

Esperanto has a two-part system for naming countries and their inhabitants. 

 世界语有“两段系统”去为国家和居民命名

This two-part system developed early in the history of Esperanto, and was based on the idea of a division of the world into "Old World" and"New World". 

 这种"两段系统"发展于世界语诞生早期，将世界分成“旧大陆”和“新大陆”两段时期

The assumption was that the "Old World" countries took their names from the people who lived there. 

 “旧大陆”的国家的名字来自住在那国家人民（民族）

In contrast, "New World" countries consisted mainly of immigrants and their descendants, so their inhabitants were named after the countries they lived in. 

 与“旧大陆”相比，“新大陆”的国家主要由移民及其他们的后裔组成，所以它们的移民以他们所住的国家命名。

So, for some "Old World" countries, mainly in Europe and Asia,the Esperanto root form gives the name of the inhabitant, and the name ofthe country is formed from it. 

 所以，一些“旧大陆”国家，主要在欧洲和亚洲，世界语的词根赋予那里的居民的世界语名称，国家的名字便从居民的名称中形成的

For other "New World" countries, mainly in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, the Esperanto root form gives the name of the country, and the name of the inhabitant is formed from it.

其他的“新大陆”国家，主要在美洲，非洲和大洋洲，世界语词根赋予这些国家的世界语名称，而那里的居民的名称便从国家名称中形成

Group 1 (mainly "New World")

第一组（主要是“新大陆”）

The first group takes the name of the country as the root form (e.g. Brazil-o, Kanad-o) and an inhabitant of that country isformed by adding -an (member) in front of the ending -o.

第一组以国家名字作为词根（例如Brazil-o, Kanad-o）这些国家的公民是由词根加-ano（在词尾-o前加-an）

For example:

Brazilanoj loĝas en Brazilo.

Brazilians live in Brazil.

 巴西人住在巴西

Kanadanoj loĝas en Kanado.

Canadians live in Canada. 

 加拿大人住在加拿大

Group 2 (mainly "Old World")

第二组（主要是旧大陆）

The second group takes the name of the inhabitant as the root form (e.g. ital-o,german-o) and its country name is formed byadding -uj in front of the ending -o. 

 第二组用那里的居民来作为词根，他们国家的名称是词根加-ujo(原文：词尾-o前加-uj)

For example:

Italoj loĝas en Italujo. 

Italians live in Italy. 

 意大利人住在意大利

 Germanoj loĝas en Germanujo. 

Germans live in Germany. 

 德国人住在德国

Many people prefer to use the ending -io for Group 2 names rather than the traditional ending -ujo. This is how we teachcountry names here on Duolingo:

 大多数人会选择使用-io来代替-ujo,这也是多邻国教你用世界语说国家的名称的方法

about the Americas

关于阿妹你看上帝压狗的事（大误） 

Usono refers to the USA,while Ameriko refers to the entire American continent; so usonano isa US citizen, while amerikano is someone from North, Central, or South America.

 Usono指的是美国，而 Ameriko指的是这个美洲大陆，所以usonano 是美国人的意思，而amerikano是指在北美，中美或者南美的人

more accented letters

更多关于重音字母

The following table shows the rest of the accented letters, which are also called ĉapelitaj literoj (literally, "letters with hats").

下列表格展示了其余重音字母，也叫做ĉapelitaj literoj （带帽字母）

Note: ĥ is pronounced as a strongly as pirated"h", like the "ch" in the Scottish word "loch"(not pronounced "lock"), while ŭ is normally only used after a and e, in the combinations aŭ and eŭ.

注意：ĥ 的发音是送气强度较高的h，像“ch”在苏格兰语单词"loch"(别读成"lock")，而ŭ通常只跟在a和e的后面，形成aŭ 和eŭ.

封面：我在人民广场吃着炸鸡，而此时此刻你在哪里？

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Countries-and-Nationalities

翻译：vanilo