（译）兽设
#原文地址https://en.wikifur.com/wiki/Fursona
A fursona (pl. fursonas, rarely furson/fursonae),is a furspeech portmanteau derived from the terms furry and persona, that refers to a (normally furry), character, persona, alter ego, avatar, or identity assumed by a person or player normally associated with the furry fandom.
Fursona（复数形式是fursonas，罕见为furson/fursonae），是兽迷词汇中的一个合成词，由术语“Furry”和“Persona”派生而来。其指的是一个（通常具有兽特征的）角色、内在人格、化身，或者一个人与兽同好圈联系的身份。
The fursona itself consists of a name (usually fictitious) and a species, as well as any distinctive colors, markings or body features. An artist's typical commission is a rendition of a fursona.
兽设本身由名字（往往是虚构的）、物种，与独特的色彩、标记和体态特征等要素构成。兽设往往呈现在画师们的委托之中。
Contents\内容
1 Historical origin\历史渊源
2 The fursona\兽设
2.1 Appearance\外貌特征
2.1.1 Attire\着装
2.2 Behavior\行为
2.3 Fursona history\兽设的背景
3 Levels of personal identification\个人身份认同的程度
3.1 Avatar\化身
3.2 Personal furry\私设
3.2.1 Personal furry vs. avatar\化身与私设的对比
3.2.2 Fursona as a metaphor\兽设的隐喻作用
3.2.3 Relationship to other furry concepts/practices\与其他兽相关理论/实践的关系
Historical origin\历史渊源
[本段可能不确定且不准确，仅供参考]
The origins of the fursona concept within the eventual furry fandom is difficult to pin down to specific dates, and it is not known if similar concepts of personal fictional alter-egos exists outside of the furry fandom.
兽设概念在整个兽同好圈中的起源，十分难以确定为某个特定的时间节点；并且，与之相似的“个人虚构化身”在兽同好圈之外存在的确切时间也是不为人知的。
What can be said is that the growing clout of roleplaying gaming (including live-action, tabletop, computer multi-player, etc.) in Western society in the 1970s and 1980s induced the adoption or self-creation of highly-stylized, often genre-specific alter-egos for RP purposes among specific audiences.
唯一能说的是，角色扮演游戏（包括但不限于真人的、桌面的、电脑多人联机等类型）在20世纪七八十年代的西方社会中影响力的增长，促使特定的一些观众为了RP（角色扮演）的目的而采用他人创作的，或自创高度个性化的、通常是特定类型的另类自我。
As the first large furry parties took place at large science-fiction or multi-genre speculative fiction conventions, such venues often served as meeting places for both RPers and costumers as well as artists and writers, the latter two of whom had often honed their skills in the funny animal art scene's APAs. Thus, when RPers and costumers happened upon the Art Show exhibits for "funny" animal artists, the latter were soon in demand from RPers and costumers for commissioned renditions of their RP or costume characters.
起初，大型的兽聚是在科幻小说展览或多类型推理小说的展览上出现的，这些场馆通常充当角色扮演者、兽装者和画师与写手等的会面地，而后两者经常在有趣动物艺术的场景的APA中磨练他们的技能。因此，当角色扮演者与兽装师在面向“有趣动物艺术”的艺术展上出现时，画师与写手很快就接到了角色扮演者和兽装者们的委托订单，通常为他们所扮演的角色。
As the customers were often not writers or artists but had envisioned these characters as being more than just under their ownership, detailed specifics for such characters (see "Elements") were often provided by the customers so as to give as much narrative-independent life to such characters as possible.
此时，兽装者常常不是写手或画手，但是曾设想使这些角色超越他们的“控制”，因此这些角色的特定细节往往是由顾客提供的，以尽可能向这些角色给予一种超越叙述的生命。
As a result, when the first furry parties were held, the first costumers and RPers of what would become the furry fandom had already developed the awareness of their favorite RP or costume characters' artistically-rendered exteriors, what they acted like, and in what they were interested or disinterested.
因此，当第一个兽聚举办之时，兽圈之中的第一批兽装师和角色扮演者们，早已形成了一种对他们最喜欢角色或兽装角色进行艺术渲染的意识；他们行动上效仿这些角色，并且也会对其有好恶之情。
Such characters often did not need to be written into written narratives, but were instead buoyed by being a general-purpose alter-ego for the RPer or costumer. This difference from the traditional idea of the character as being driven by stories of fiction allowed for the "favorite character" or "custom-made character" to be shifted to the "alter-ego", "alternative persona" or "fursona".
这些角色不一定需要被以文字叙述出来，但却被作为角色扮演者或兽装师通常的另一个自我以进行激励。与传统的“角色由故事驱动”的观念不同，这种观念允许“最喜爱的角色”或“自创角色”转变为“另一个自我”、“另一个角色”或“兽设”。
The fursona\兽设
Depending on the level of personal identification the description of a fursona typically consists of the following elements:
取决于个人身份的认同级别，兽设的描述一般由以下元素构成：
Many fursonas are based on 'typical' animal species, such as cats and wolves, but are often only limited by the imaginations of their player, and can include more extraordinary types of creatures such as aliens, angels, demons, vampires, and mythological creatures (a popular offshoot of mythological creatures is to have a hexapedal, taur-based fursona). Hybrid fursonas are also popular; furries who like characteristics of more than one animal will combine them into one creature, such as a cat/fox or wolf/raccoon cross. Some give these hybrids portmanteau names, such as "drynx" for a dragon/lynx, or "hedgefox" for a hedgehog/fox.
许多兽设是基于常规动物来创作的，例如猫和狼，但其形象往往只受限于创作者的想象力，并且可以包括更多奇特的物种，例如外星人、天使、恶魔、吸血鬼和神话生物（其中的一个流行分支是六头的牛兽人）。此外，混血兽设也很流行；那些喜欢多于一种动物特征的兽迷会将它们融合进一个生物之中，例如猫-狐或狼-浣熊的混血。有些人将这些混血物种用合成词命名，例如“Drynx”为Dragon/Lynx（猞猁）的合成词，或者"Hedgefox"为Hedgehog（刺猬）/Fox的合成词。
Appearance\外貌
A visual, kinesthetic, or textual realization of the player's mental impression of their fursona. The most common form of realization being an illustration or textual description which may be described by the term furry art.
这是一个角色扮演者对他们兽设的心理印象所进行的、可视化的、触觉的或者文字的呈现。最常见的呈现形式是插图或文字说明，且常常是furry art这一术语的描述对象。
Attire\着装
Since many fursonas have complex fur patterns or other interesting anatomical details, not all fursonas are necessarily clothed or always illustrated with clothing on. As such, there will often be several details about the appearance of a fursona; first, its physical body, and secondly, whatever clothes and accessories are worn over such a body.
由于众多的兽设往往有着复杂的毛质或其他有趣的解剖细节，并非所有兽设都需要着装，也不需要总是被描绘成衣冠齐整的样子。但是，兽设的外貌往往有很多细节；首先是身体特征，其次是身体上的服装与配饰。
Behaviour\行为
Depending on personal preference the behavior of a fursona can range from that of a typical human being zoomorphic only in appearance to behavior which is identical to that of the animal represented by the fursona. These general behaviors usually form a framework inside of which a player may mold their character's behavior to their liking. As fursonas are typically a furry representation of the player the fursona often inherits many of the player's character traits.
取决于个人的喜好，兽设的行为可以是人类常见的行为从典型的人以动物外表进行的行为到最原始而野性的动物行为兽设所代表的动物的行为。这些行为经常会形成一个框架，角色扮演者在其中根据自己的喜好以塑造角色的行为。介于兽设往往是一位兽迷/角色扮演者的代表身份，它通常继承有此兽迷/角色扮演者的特征。
Fursona history\兽设的背景
Fursonas are often used to roleplay or in other story-based mediums, and as such, often have some sort of history, whether it is merely the history of the player behind the fursona, a backstory within a world of another person's design, or a story within a world of the person's own design.
兽设常常用以进行角色扮演，或存在于其他以故事为基础的媒介中；并且因此，兽设往往有着不同类型的背景，不论它是由兽设背后的支撑者所作的、关于另一个人的世界观的、或是此人自订的世界观中的一个故事。
Levels of personal identification\个人身份认同的程度
An individual may identify with a particular character in a variety of ways and with varying degrees of closeness.
一个人也许会以不同方式、角度和远近来认同一个特定角色。
Avatar\化身
An avatar is typically a character created by a player as an alias. Typically this alias is used by the player as a trademark or symbol of their role playing identity. Hence, players typically do not associate themselves with their avatar outside of that specific realm of experience. A single player typically has many avatars; however, some players may prefer one character over others.
化身一般是由一位角色扮演者所作，而用作“别名”的事物。这个“别名”可能被此人用作他所扮演角色的商标或符号。因此，角色扮演者通常并不将他们本身与特定体验领域之外的化身联系起来。一位独立的角色扮演者往往有许多化身，然而，一些角色扮演者也许会倾向于偏好众多角色之中的一个。
Personal Furry\私设
A personal furry is a fursona that a person or player identifies with on an intimate level.
所谓私设，是一种角色扮演者在亲密层面上认同的兽设。
Personal furry vs. avatar\化身与私设的对比
The description of a personal furry typically possesses all the hallmarks of a complete fictional character. This may include the physical description of a furry, the character's beliefs, moods, and temperaments, and all stories that support and expand the understanding of the furry character. Drawings of the character are very common, and personal furries are often used online to role-play with other characters, sometimes with the aid of an avatar.
对私设的描述通常具有一个完整虚构人物的所有特征。这可能包括兽设的身体描述、角色的信仰、情绪与性格，而所有的故事都将支撑并扩展对一个兽人角色（兽设）的理解。角**是十分常见的，而私设通常用于与其他角色进行的在线角色扮演，有些时候还带有化身的帮助。
While a person may play several characters and have several fursonas, the personal furry often has greater significance — it will often be a better representation of the person's "real" personality, if only because they tend to use it more often. Many individuals with a personal furry will primarily use that character to represent themselves online and within the fandom, and may actually go by that character's name as their primary nickname or handle, both on and even offline.
尽管同一个人也许会扮演几个角色，拥有多个兽设，但是私设往往占据着最重要的地位——它通常是此人真正人格的更佳代表，而只因为他们打算更多的“使用”此角色。许多有着自己私设的人主要使用这个角色，以在线上和同好圈内代表他们自身，甚至实际上有可能将此角色作为他们首要的昵称或Handle，而不管是线上线下。
Fursona as a metaphor\兽设的隐喻作用
A personal furry often reflects elements of their player's real-life appearance or dress, or what they would like to wear and is also referred to a lot as a Fursona. Also, there may be clues within the personal furry as to how that player sees themselves; to have a cat furry may symbolize a thirst for independence, and likewise a fox furry may symbolize perceived wit. Coat/Scale/Feather coloring may also represent the personality of a person; for example a pink coat may represent girlish behavior.
一个私设往往反映了他们的角色扮演者现实生活中的元素，像外貌、衣着，或者他们平常着装的偏好等，在兽设中有频繁体现。同样的，角色扮演者对自己认知，在兽设中也许能够找到一些线索——一个猫设往往代表独立的愿望；同样的，一个狐设经常意味着智慧。着装的/鳞片的/覆羽的配色也可能代表人的性格，例如粉红色的皮毛常常代表女性化的行为。
Relationship to other furry concepts/practices\与其他兽相关理论/实践的关系
While a personal furry is often seen as a natural fit for lifestylers, it's important to note that ideas such as the furry lifestyle and animal totemism are not intrinsically linked to the concept.
尽管私设常常被视为兽式生活者理所当然的选择，但仍然要着重强调，兽式生活和动物图腾观，与这个概念没有内在的联系。
It is generally considered to be in bad taste for others to depict a personal furry (and to a lesser extent, any character) participating in activities such as "yiffing" that they or their player would not normally be involved in.
人们通常认为，让别人去描绘私设（或者较小程度上的，任何角色）参加一些他们的扮演者通常不会参与的，像“yiffing”等的活动，是不符合品味的。
译者的话
原文有一些混乱和不明之处，译者已尽力修正；
原文没有标注参考文献和外部链接，故译者也未标注；
一修于2019-6-9
