TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S01E09：雅典）

Eupatrids: "Well-fathered people"

Demos: "The people"

How did Polis and the notion of democracy develop throughout Athenian history?

- 7th Century B.C.: Much of the Greek world experienced a brief period of tyranny

-621 B.C.: Draco was empowered in Athens to codify the laws of the city; harsh laws, draconian

-594 B.C.: Solon appointed lawgiver

Solon's Reforms:

1.Abolished many debts and debt slavery

2.Changed the basic qualifications for office-holding and for voting in Athens from birth to wealth;

Timocracy: Division of political power according to wealth

Plutocracy: Rule by the wealthy

3.Created a council of 400 that set the agenda for the assembly of all Athenian male citizens

-560 B.C.: The lower classes elevated Peisistratus to a mild tyranny in Athens

Rules of Persistratus:

1. Respected most of Solon's system
2. Redistributed some land
3. Festivals
4. Public building projects

-525 B.C.: Elevation of Cleisthenes

Reforms of Cleisthenes:

1. New Council of 500
2. Opened virtually all offices to almost all men
3. Ostracism; to ostracize, Ostraca: pot shard

Persian Wars (490-478 B.C.); Athenian navy won the war fundamentally;

Themistocles: Greek Naval Officer

-460s-450s B.C.: leadership of Ephialtes and Pericles

1. Stopped the Areopagus (its supreme court) of all its rights of judicial review
2. Introduced pay for public service

Archons: Executive officers

The danger of Demagogue (leader of the people)

Athenian Citizens: Adult males with two Athenian parents; 10% of the total population; excluding Metics (resident aliens at Athens), women and slaves