维多利亚3开发日志#12 | 8/26 国库

牧游社 牧有汉化翻译

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #12 – Treasury

Wizzington Game Director (Victoria 3)

Hello and welcome to another development diary for Victoria 3! Today we'll be covering a topic that tends to be very much in the mind of governments of all eras: Money! Specifically, we're going to be talking about income, expenses and debt, and how they function on the national level.

大家吼啊，欢迎来到维多利亚3的日志！今天我们要讲的主题应该是每一个时代政府都操心的大事：钱！更具体的来说，我们要讲一讲收入、开支、债务，以及这些机制如何在国家级别运作。

As was mentioned all the way back in Dev Diary #2, Money is one of the principal resources you have to manage in Victoria 3. This in itself is of course nothing new (money of some form playing a role in almost every Grand Strategy game we've ever released), but the way money works is a little bit different than what you might be used to.

正如我们在开发日志#2中已经讲过的那样，钱是你在维多利亚3中需要管理的一项主要资源。这本身并不是什么新鲜事（几乎在所有我们发布的大战略游戏中，某种形式的钱都占据着重要地位），但是这作中钱运作的方式可能和你之前遇到过的略有不同。

In most games, money tends to be a resource you accumulate for a specific goal, until you have enough of it to achieve that specific goal. For example, you might want to build a building that costs 100 money, and your monthly income is 10 money. That means in order to build said building, you have to wait for 10 months to accumulate the 100 money needed for the lump sum cost to order the construction of said building.

在大多数游戏中，钱更像是一种资源，你为了达成特定目标而积攒金钱，直到你攒足了足够多的钱，然后达成特定目标。举个例子，也许你想要造一个建筑，这个建筑要花100块钱，然后你的月收入是10块钱。这意味着为了造这个建筑，你必须得等上10个月，攒够100块钱，这样才能一次性付清这个建筑的花费。

Now, you might be asking, why am I explaining such a simple and obvious mechanic that undoubtedly every single reader of this dev diary is completely familiar with? The reason for this is because in Victoria 3, there is no such thing as a lump sum cost - instead, it's all about your weekly balance. At the end of every in-game week, your country's income and expenses are tallied up and the result is then applied to your Gold Reserve or National Debt. This also means that all forms of expenses, such as construction, also work on a weekly basis - you do not need any cash 'on hand' to start construction of a dozen buildings at once, but if you don’t have the revenue to support it you may find yourself quickly going into debt.

现在你也许会问，为什么我要解释这么一个浅显易懂的机制？而且毫无疑问，这篇日志的每个读者都完全熟知这个机制。解释这个机制的原因是，在维多利亚3中，我们并没有一个类似一次性支付这样的东西——取而代之的是，这一切都和你的每周结余有关。在游戏中，每周结束的时候你的国家收入和支出都会进行一次结算，然后结果会反映到你的黄金储量和国债上。这也意味着，任何形式的支出，比如建筑，也是每周结算的——你不必“手握”现金就可以立刻开始建一打（一堆）建筑，但是如果你没有收入来支撑你的支出，你可能很快就会发现自己深陷债务。

America's lack of an income tax in 1836 sharply limits its potential for government spending.

1836年的美国没有所得税，这极大限制了政府的支出潜力。

The Gold Reserve is your country's national stockpile of cash. If you are free of debt, any money that is left over in the weekly budget after expenses are subtracted is used to increase the Gold Reserve. Conversely, if your expenses exceed your income, this money is taken out of the Gold Reserve to balance the books.

黄金储备Gold Reserve是你的国家库存现金。如果你没有任何债务，在减去支出后，任何每周盈余的钱都会用来增加黄金储备。反过来，如果你的开支超过你的收入，这笔钱就要从你的黄金储备中拿出来，用于平账。

Though it's certainly never bad in itself to have a sizable Gold Reserve, it isn't necessarily the best idea to continually run a large budget surplus - each country has a Gold Reserve Limit, which is a 'soft-cap' over which each surplus pound has diminishing returns on the Gold Reserve - if you have an enormous stockpile of gold, a surplus of £10k may only increase your stockpile by as little as £2k, meaning that you’ve simply wasted the rest of your money. Hence, a country that finds its gold reserves filling up may want to consider finding a way to reinvest some of that money to avoid such wastage.

尽管持有大量黄金储备本身并不坏，但是持续保持大量预算盈余也并不一定是最好的主意——每个国家都有一个黄金储备上限Gold Reserve Limit，这是个“软上限”，每一英镑盈余转换成黄金储备的效率都会递减——如果你已经有海量的黄金储备，£10k的盈余可能只会增加一点点黄金储备，比方说£2k。这意味着多余的钱就这么被你浪费掉了。因此，一个拥有大量黄金储备的国家可能想要找些办法，把这些钱重新投资出去，以此来避免浪费。

The Spanish Gold Reserve has grown to the point where further stockpiling is becoming very inefficient, and they should really try to find better uses for some of that money.

西班牙黄金储备量已经过大，未来的储蓄效率将会非常低下，他们真的应该试着把钱花在更有用的地方了。

So what if you’re running a deficit and your Gold Reserve has all been tapped? Well, this is when debt comes into play. Beyond that point, each pound spent in excess of your income will result in automatically taking on debt. While this may sound like something that you should avoid at all costs, that isn't necessarily true.

所以，如果你出现赤字，而且你的黄金储备也全部用完了怎么办？这时候就该介绍债务了。超过收支平衡点，当你的支出大于收入，你每花费一英镑都会自动导致债务。尽管这听起来像是你应该尽力避免的事情，但是实际上并不是这样的。

While you do have to pay interest on your loans, interest rates in Victoria 3 are relatively low, and so long as you avoid hitting your Debt Ceiling, growing your economy through deficit spending can actually be a very valid strategy. This is because the increase in revenues from minting and taxation may very well end up exceeding the interest payments, not to mention the benefits constructing new industries can have for your population.

尽管你必须为你的贷款支付利息，但利率在维多利亚3里还是相对较低的，只要你避免触及你的债务上限Debt Ceiling，通过赤字支出来发展经济实际上是一个非常有效的策略。这是因为不断增长的铸币和税收收入会超过你支付的利息，更不用提为你的人民建造新工业所带来的利益了。

The Debt Ceiling, unlike the Gold Reserve, is not a soft cap - once you hit it, your country will be in default, which is a terrible state to be in and can only be recovered from if you manage to slash your expenses enough to put your weekly expenses back in the black (or if another country steps in and takes on your debt, which can have its own undesirable outcomes for you… but more on that later). It's also possible to simply declare bankruptcy, but because the money you are borrowing against is actually the cash reserves of your country's buildings (which is actually what determines the size of your Debt Ceiling), this will have immensely negative consequences for your domestic industry.

不同于黄金储备，债务上限并非一个软性上限——只要你超过了上限，你的国家就会处于违约状态，处于这种状态可是非常不妙，而且只有通过大刀阔斧削减支出让每周支出重回财政黑字状态才能恢复正常（或者另一个国家介入并把你的债务都承担了，这可能产生对你不利的结果……之后会有详细说明）。直接宣布破产也是可行的，但是因为你借的钱其实是你的国家中建筑的现金储备（实际上也正是它决定了你的债务上限数额），这对于你的国内工业会产生巨大的负面效果。

Even though Britain has taken on several million pounds of debt, this isn't too much of an issue - their advanced economy allows them a high debt ceiling, and the interest payments is only a small fraction of their spending.

尽管英国已经有了几百万镑的债务，但这并不是什么大问题——他们先进的经济允许较高的债务上限，且利息支付只占开销中的很小一部分。

To wrap up this Dev Diary, I'm going to briefly touch on the main forms of income and expenditures, though this is by no means an exhaustive list! Some forms of income and expenses (taxes and salaries, specifically) also have a 'level' setting, where you can for example squeeze more taxes out of your population at the cost of reduced legitimacy and increased radicalization.

为了收尾这篇开发日志，我会简短介绍一下收入和支出的主要形式，但这也不是完整的清单！某些收入和支出形式（具体来说，税收和工资）也有一个“等级”设置，举例来说，你可以以降低正统性和促进极端化为代价，从你的人口中榨取更多的税收。

A massive hike of the tax level to the highest level is a sure-fire way to both raise money and create political radicals.

大幅提高税收对于筹集资金和催生政治极端派来说，可谓百试百灵。

Main Types of Income (not an exhaustive list):

主要收入类型（并非完整清单）：

Minting: All countries can generate some cash flow by printing or casting new currency in relation to their GDP. Minting provides all countries with some income - particularly those who have domestic Gold Fields - but is in itself insufficient for funding anything but the most minimalist of governments.
铸币：所有国家都可以通过印刷或铸造新货币来产生一定的现金流，具体数额与GDP有关。铸币会给所有国家提供一定收入——特别是那些有本土金矿的——但是其本身并不足以为政府提供资金，除非政府是非常极简主义的。

Income Taxes: A form of taxation collected on income, where a certain % of the wages paid to workers in buildings is paid to the government.
所得税：一种从收入中征收的税收，即付给建筑中工人的工资中，某个特定百分比的部分会上交给政府。

Poll Taxes: A form of per-capita taxation where a fixed sum of money is collected on each member of the workforce. Poll Taxes are very regressive since they collect the same amount regardless of income.
人头税：一种按照人头算的税收，即从每个劳动力身上征收一定资金。人头税是相当累退式的一种税收，因为它不论收入多少，都征集相同的资金。

Land Taxes: A special type of Poll Taxes that are only collected on certain types of Pops, such as Peasants.
土地税：特殊的人头税，只从特定种类的Pop处征集，比如贫农。

Consumption Taxes: A tax that is levied directly on a specific good that is consumed by Pops. Levying Consumption Taxes costs Authority.
消费税：直接从Pop消费的某种商品中征收税款。征收消费税需要消耗权威力Authority.

Dividend Taxes: A tax that is applied to dividends paid to Pops with an ownership stake in a Building. Tends to be a very progressive form of taxation, as usually only well-to-do Pops have ownership of buildings.
股息税：一种适用于拥有某个建筑股权的Pop的税收。这往往是相当累进式的一种税收，因为通常只有富裕的Pop才会拥有建筑所有权。

Tariffs: Tariffs are something that we plan to have in the game as a way to profit from goods being exported from your market, but we’re not ready to talk about exactly how this will work yet.
关税：关税是我们计划加入游戏内的，用以从出口到你的市场中的商品获利的方法，但是我们还没准备好谈论这个机制是怎么工作的。（译注：你就直说没做完吧。）

Main Types of Expenses (not an exhaustive list):

主要支出类型（并非完整清单）：

Government Wages: The salary cost of employing Pops in your Government Buildings such as Government Administrations and Ports.
政府工资：在你的政府行政部门、港口等政府建筑中雇佣Pop的工资成本。

Government Goods: The material costs for your Government Buildings, for example the Paper needed by Government Administrations.
政府消耗的商品：你的政府建筑的原料成本，比如政府行政部门需要的纸张。

Military Wages: The salary costs of Pops serving in your army and navy.
军队工资：在你的陆军与海军中服役的Pop的工资成本。

Military Goods: The various goods needed by your army and navy, such as Small Arms for Barracks.
军队消耗的商品：你的陆军与海军需要的各种商品，比如兵营需要枪支。

Subsidies: The cost of subsidizing specific buildings to ensure they remain competitive.
补贴：补贴特定建筑以保持其竞争力的成本。

Interest: The cost of making interest payments on your loans, if you have any.
利息：支付你的贷款利息的成本，如果你有的话。

Construction: The cost of constructing new buildings, both in goods required for the method of construction and wages paid to Pops working in the construction industry.
建设：建设新建筑的成本，既包括建筑方法所需的商品，也包括付给建筑行业中工作的Pop的工资。

Well then, that's all for today. Next week we're going to be talking about a topic that touches on both economics and politics - Standard of Living. See you then!

好了，这就是今天的全部内容了。下周我们会说说一个与经济和政治都有关的话题——生活水平Standard of Living。到时候见！

翻译：一只走地鹅 AntiAccess

校对：三等文官猹中堂

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