多邻国世界语tips and notes conditional 假定式篇(中英对照)

THE CONDITIONAL

假定式

 Use the verb ending -us to talk about non-real, imagined situations, or to make polite requests.

使用动词结尾-us来谈论非真实，想象出来的状况

Non-real situations

非真实情形

Non-real situations are the topic of "if...then" sentences, like this one:

非真实情形是“if....then(如果....那么)”所指的句子，例如下面的句子：

Se mi estus sana, mi laborus. = If I were healthy, I would work.

如果我健康的话，我会去工作

Notice that Esperanto, unlike English,uses the -us form in both parts of the sentence - since both parts are non-real.

注意一下，不像英语，世界语在整个句子中都使用-us的形式，因为这个句子都是在描述非真实情形

We also talk about non-real situations when we express our wish for something to be different from what/how itactually is:

我们希望某物能够和现实的状况有所不同的时候，我们也用非真实情形

Se li nur estus iom pli bela! = If only he were a bit more handsome!

如果他长得再帅点

The -us ending does not carry any temporal information.

-us结尾并不携带任何时间上的信息（不像-as,-is,-os那样告诉你时态）

Thus, it is possible to use the-us ending for events in the past as well. When doing so, context usually indicates that we are talking about the past:

因此，描述过去发生的事件的句子中使用-us也是可以的。当你这么做的时候，语境通常指代我们在谈论过去的事情：

Se Zamenhof scius la ĉinan, Esperanto estus malsama. = If Zamenhof had known Chinese, Esperanto would be different.

如果柴门霍夫懂中文，世界语可能会变得难（学）ŭo men zon ven de zvej ni a ? (╯°口°)╯(┴—┴

Se vi dirus tion al mi jam hieraŭ, mi ne farus la eraron. = If you had told me this already yesterday, I would not have made the mistake.

如果你昨天就告诉我，我就不会犯错了

Polite requests

礼貌的请求

 The -us form can also be used to express polite requests.

-us也能够用来表达礼貌的请求

Ĉu vi povus doni al mi la buteron? = Could you pass me the butter?

能把黄油递给我吗？

Mi ŝatus iom pli da sukero. = I would like a little more sugar.

我想要多点糖

REVIEW OF -N FOR DIRECTION

回顾：用于表示方向的-n

Remember to use the -n ending when talking about a movement towards a certain place.For example

记住，当谈论到（某个东西）移动到具体地点时，要使用-n结尾：

Metula dosierojn en dosierujon! = Put the files into a folder!

把文件放到文件夹里！

RETPOŜTO VS. RETMESAĜO

RETPOŜTO和RETMESAĜO

Retpoŝto means email in general; the service that allows you to send and receive electronic messages. A message sent by retpoŝto (email) is most often called retmesaĝo(email).

Retpoŝto是电子邮件的总称；一种让你传送和接受电子信息的服务。你用电子邮箱发的信息最经常被人叫做 retmesaĝo

原文:www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Conditional

翻译:vanilo

封面:多谢阅读