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先以必要条件来探路(2019课标Ⅰ(文)导数)

2022-09-27 13:15 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2019课标Ⅰ文,20)已知函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D2%5Csin%20%20x-x%5Ccos%20%20x-xf'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的导数.

(1)证明:f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在区间%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20存在唯一零点;

(2)若x%5Cin%20%5Cleft%5B%200%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright%5D%20时,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%20ax,求a的取值范围.

解:(1)求导,得

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D%26%3D2%5Ccos%20x-%5Cleft%5B%201%5Ccdot%20%5Ccos%20x%2Bx%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Csin%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright%5D%20-1%5C%5C%0A%09%26%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3D%5Ccos%20x%2Bx%5Csin%20x-1%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%3Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20,则

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3D-%5Csin%20%20x%2B1%5Ccdot%20%5Csin%20%20x%2Bx%5Ccos%20%20x%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx%5Ccos%20%20x%7D

g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,得x%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D.

所以g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Dg%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D-1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E0%7D

又因为g%5Cleft(%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%200%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3D0%7Dg%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D-2%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20无零点,

%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20存在唯一零点%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_0%7D.

综上:f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20存在唯一零点%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_0%7D.

(2)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%20ax的必要条件f%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%20a%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cleqslant%200%7D.

下面证明:a%5Cleqslant%200f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%20ax充分条件.

a%5Cleqslant%200,则ax%5Cleqslant%200

故欲证f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%20ax只需证f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%200.

由(1)可知:

x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2Cx_0%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20

x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20x_0%2C%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20

并且f%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D0

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%200.

综上所述:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C0%20%5Cright%5D%20%7D.

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