（书籍翻译）拜占庭的味道：传奇帝国的美食 （第二十六部分）

作者生平：

          安德鲁·达尔比（Andrew Dalby）是一位古典学者、历史学家、语言学家和翻译家，以他关于食物史（尤其是希腊和罗马帝国）的书籍而闻名。 《Siren Feasts》 是安德鲁·达尔比的第一本美食书籍，获得了 Runciman（朗西曼）奖，他的第二本书《dangerous Tastes》在2001年获得了美食作家协会年度美食书籍。他还是《The Classical Cookbook》和《Empire of Pleasures》以及巴克斯和维纳斯的传记的作者。

《Tastes of Byzantium ：The Cuisine of a Legendary Empire》于 2003 年首次出版

ISBN: 978 1 84885 165 8

本书完整的 CIP 记录可从大英图书馆、美国国会图书馆获得

由 Thomson Press India Ltd 在印度印刷和装订

接上

Gherkins and cucumbers are also somewhat diuretic. If eaten to excess they eventually produce bad humors which cannot be convened to blood.

      Olives give little nourishment, particularly the black ones. The green ones that are conserved as kolymbades are good co eat owing to their astringency and arouse the appetite. Those conserved in vinegar are especially suitable.

      Acorns are cold and dry; thus they open the bowels and the bladder.

      Chestnuts are more nourishing than acorns, and produce intestinal wind. They are hot and moist.

      Walnuts are hot and dry. They heat the body and cause headache. They assist those with cold constitutions and also combat dangerous drugs and venoms of a hot nature.                 [Walnuts are better to eat and more digestible than hazelnuts, and particularly if eaten with dried figs. Dried walnuts, steeped and shelled, are just as good as green ones.

     Almonds have moderate moistness and heat. Eaten with sugar they help in diseases of the chest and neck, the kidneys and bladder. Bitter almonds have the power co cut through thick and sticky humors.

     Jujubes have little nourishment. They are good for the liver.

     Pistachios are hot, tending towards dryness. They help with blockage of the liver,                   encourage urination and break up bladder and kidney stones.

     Hazelnuts are not as hoi as walnuts. They are good for those with a cold constitution and in combatting dangerous drugs.

     Pine kernels heat (he constitution. They encourage urination and help in cases of kidney and bladder disorders.

     Sesame is hot and moist. It moves the bowels, kills the appetite for food and relaxes the stomach, h is good for dysenteries.

     [Hemp seed is indigestible and not good to eat. It produces headache and bad humors. It is fairly heating.

     Gourd provides a little moist and cold nourishment to the body which is good for the bowels. If cold, as when they cut and dry it and eat it dried in winter, it produces raw humors.

     Capers break up phlegm in the digestive system and stop excretion, when eaten before other food, whether in honey vinegar or in oil and vinegar.]

     Carobs are hot. They stop excretion and purge the intestines.

     Manna has a moderate temperament, tending a little towards coldness: it stirs unhealthy blood and cools the heat of the stomach.

     姜黄瓜和黄瓜也有一定的利尿作用。如果吃得太多，它们会产生坏的体液，而不利于血液的产生。

     橄榄的营养价值不高，尤其是黑色的橄榄。绿色的橄榄被保存为Kolymbades，由于其收敛 性，吃起来很好，能引起人的食欲。那些保存在醋中的食物尤其适合。

     橡子是寒冷和干燥的；因此它们能使得肠道和膀胱通畅。

     栗子比橡子更有营养，并能活跃肠道。它们是热的和湿的。

     核桃是热和干燥的。它们使身体发热并引诱头痛。它们帮助那些体质寒冷的人，能对抗危险药物和热性毒药。[核桃比榛子更好吃，更容易消化，特别是和干无花果一起吃。经过浸泡和去壳的干核桃与绿色核桃一样好。

     杏仁具有适度的湿润度和热量。与糖一起吃，有助于治疗胸腔和颈部、肾脏和膀胱疾病。苦杏仁有分解粘稠分泌物的能力。

     红枣的营养成分很少。它们对肝脏有好处。

     开心果是热的，倾向于干燥。它们有助于解决肝脏的堵塞问题，促进排尿，打破膀胱和肾脏结石。

     榛子不像核桃那样有热量。它们对体质虚寒的人和对抗危险药物有好处。

     松子是热性食物。它鼓励排尿，对肾脏和膀胱疾病有帮助。

     芝麻是热和湿的。它能活跃肠道，优化人的胃口，放松胃部，对痢疾有好处。

     [大麻籽不能消化，不适合吃。它会产生头痛，诱发坏情绪。它的热量相当高。

     葫芦为身体提供少许湿润和寒冷的滋养，对肠道有好处。如果是冷的，就像他们在冬天把它切开并晒干后吃一样，这就会产生较生的体液。

     辣椒能分解消化系统中的痰液，并阻止排泄，如果在其他食物之前食用，无论是用蜂蜜醋还是用油和醋，都能起到作用]。

     胡桃是热的。它们能阻止排泄，净化肠道。

     Manna的性情温和，有点偏冷：它有助于改善不健康的血液，缓解胃热。

[v] On vegetables

关于蔬菜

 [65-71] Wild greens are extremely productive of bad humors. All vegetables produce blood in small quantity, and containing bad humors. Lettuce has these qualities less than other vegetables, and is least nourishing. Endive is second after lettuce; it is mucilaginous, and for this reason good for the bowels, when eaten with olive oil and fish sauce. It is moderately digestible. Beet is not good to eat in quantity, but it dislodges residues and so is good for the bowels. It is helpful in blockages of the liver and spleen, and particularly if eaten with vinegar or mustard. Celery is diuretic and better to eat than other vegetables. It is sometimes pleasant to eat it raw. Rocket is very heating. It produces semen and awakens the appetite for sex. It causes headache. Asparagus of all kinds is good to eat, diuretic, and not without nourishment.

     [72-75] Grape-hyacinth bulbs are good to eat, particularly in vinegar, eaten with olive oil and fish sauce. Carrot is diuretic, but indigestible. Truffles are indistinct and watery in flavor. They are comparable to mushrooms. The nourishment they provide is phlegmatic and cold, and, in excess, productive of bad humors. Radishes, along with their heat, are productive of thin humors. The bitter quality is uppermost in them, as also in leeks, garlic and Levant garlic.

     [65-71] 野生蔬菜极易诱发坏脾气。所有的蔬菜都会促使人体生产少量的血液，但这种血液时常含有不良的体液。莴苣的这些特质比其他蔬菜少，而且最没有营养。苣荬菜是仅次于莴苣的第二种蔬菜；它有粘性，因此与橄榄油和鱼露一起食用对肠道有益，它的被消化率适中。甜菜不适合大量食用，但它能清除胃内的残留物，因此对肠道有好处。它对肝脏和脾脏的堵塞也有帮助，特别是如果与醋或芥末一起吃。芹菜具有利尿作用，比其他蔬菜更适合食用，有时生吃是很有帮助的。Rocket是非常热的。它能产生精液并唤醒性欲。它会引起头痛。各种类型的芦笋都是好东西，有利尿作用，而且不乏营养。

     [72-75] 葡萄风信子的球茎是很好的食物，特别是在醋中，与橄榄油和鱼酱一起吃。胡萝卜有利尿作用，但不易消化。松露的味道模糊不清，呈水状。它们可与蘑菇媲美。它们提供的物质是痰湿和寒冷的，如果过量，会导致人体产生坏的体液。萝卜，连同其热性，易产生稀薄的体液。它们的苦味最重，韭菜、大蒜和Levant大蒜也是如此。

[vi] On medicinal plants

关于药用植物

Roses are cold and dry. They stop headaches caused by heat and they invigorate the stomach. They also help with overheating of the liver.

     Violets are moist and cold. They stop headaches caused by yellow bile and they are soporific.

     Myrtles are cold and dry. They invigorate the member when impotent and they stop movement of the bowels.

     All kinds of basil are hot [475] and dry. They invigorate the heart and cure pains in the head caused by coldness.

     Marjoram is hot. It helps with pain in the kidneys, encourages urination, stops pain in the bowels. A decoction of marjoram helps in dimness of the eyes.

     Water-lilies are cold, moist and soporific. They stop heat headaches and help with all diseases caused by heat.

     The 'white violets' called in Arabic zambag-iasmin Uasminum Sambac] are hot. They stop pain in the head caused by coldness and invigorate the head. The oil made from them helps with cold and thick winds and is good for the kidneys.

     Narcissus is cold, but with the power of jasmine. Its root, as a decoction, is a safe and easy emetic.

     Calamint is hot and dry. It helps with pain in the kidneys and bowels. The scent of it stops cold headaches.

     White lilies are hot and relaxing. The medicine made from them dissolves cold winds.

     Wild chamomile is hot and relaxing. It dispels thick winds, just as white lily does.

     玫瑰花是寒冷干燥的。它们能延缓由湿热引起的头痛，并能振奋胃部，也有助于解决肝脏过热的问题。

     紫罗兰是湿寒的。它能延缓由黄色胆汁引起的头痛，并有镇静作用。

     桃金娘是寒冷干燥的。当阳痿时，它能使其恢复活力，并能延缓肠胃运动。

     各种罗勒都是热的[475]和干燥的。它们能振奋心脏，治疗因寒冷而引起的头部疼痛。

     马乔兰是热的。它有助于解决肾脏的疼痛问题，促进排尿，阻止肠道疼痛。煎煮马郁兰有助于治疗眼睛昏花。

     睡莲具有冷湿性和镇静功能。它能阻止热性头痛，有助于治疗由热引起的所有疾病。

     白紫罗兰在阿拉伯语中称为zambag-iasmin Uasminum Sambac，它是热的，能阻止由寒冷引起的头部疼痛，并使大脑恢复活力。用它们制成的油有助于应对寒风，对肾脏有好处。

     水仙是冷的，但具有茉莉花的功效。它的根，作为水煎剂，是一种安全而简单的催吐剂。

     菖蒲是热和干燥的。它有助于治疗肾脏和肠道的疼痛。它的香味能有效延缓感冒头痛。

     白百合是热的和清爽的。用它们制成的药物可以化解寒风。

     野生洋甘菊是热的和清爽的。它和白百合一样，能祛除寒风。

未完待续！