关于非谓语动词的理解
1. 不定式: to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)
例如:
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
老师让我们做早操。
2. 动名词: doing (表示主动)
例如:
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
3. 现在分词: doing (表示主动和进行)
例如:
He sat there ,reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
4. 过去分词: done
• 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分 词表示主动或完成。
• polluted river 被污染的河流 (及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系,即“河流被污染”)
• fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系,即“叶子落下来”)

动名词与从句之间的转换
1 .动名词作主语可转换成that引导的主语从句。
例如: Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French .
→That Tom knows English helps him in learning French .
2 .动名词作宾语可转换成that引导的宾语从句。
例如: I remember having paid him for his work .
→ I remember that I have paid him for his work .
3 .动名词作表语可转换成that引导的表语从句。
例如: Our worry is your depending too much on him .
→Our worry is that you depend too much on him .

分词与从句之间的转换
1 .分词作定语可转换成that ,who ,which引导的定语从句。
例如: The man talking to my teacher is my father .主动
→The man who/that is talking to my teacher is my father .
→The man who/that talks to my teacher is my father .
2 .分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。
例如: While waiting for the bus ,I caught sight of her .
→While I was waiting for the bus ,I caught sight of her .
3 .分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。
例如: I found him waiting for a bus at the station .
→ I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station .
4 .分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。
例如: He died, leaving his daughter much money .
→ He died ,and he left his daughter much money .
不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句
例如: I have many letters to type .(动宾关系)
→ I have many letters which I should type .
I have many letters to be typed .(被动主谓关系)
→ I have many letters which are to be typed by others .
不定式多作目的状语和结果状语.故可以转化为相应的目的状
语从句和结果状语从句。
例如: Mother got up early to catch the early bus .( 目的状语)
→ Mother got up early as to (in order to) catch the early bus .
→ Mother got up early that (in order that) she might catch the early bus .

highways have been built in China, it much easier
for people to travel from one place to another.
A .making B .made
C .to make D .having made
【答案】A
2 .Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have
her written English in a short period.
A .improved B .improving
C .to improve D .improve
