英文科技论文写作样式指南-标点符号之双引号（quotation marks）
英文科技论文写作样式指南-标点符号之双引号（quotation marks）
本文英文内容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）
第9章（9. Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling）
第121–122页
Quotation Marks
双引号
Location of closing quotation marks with respect to other punctuation is a style point in which ACS differs from other authorities. In 1978, ACS questioned the traditional practice and recommended a deviation: logical placement. Thus, if the punctuation is part of the quotation, then it should be within the quotation marks; if the punctuation is not part of the quotation, the writer should not mislead the reader by implying that it is.
结束双引号相对于其它标点符号的位置是ACS与其它权威机构不同的样式点。1978年，ACS对传统做法提出质疑，并提出了一个偏差：逻辑布局。因此，如果标点符号是引文的一部分，那么它应该在双引号内；如果标点符号不是引文的一部分，作者就不应该暗示标点符号是引文，从而误导读者。
Ø Place closing quotation marks before all punctuation that is not part of the original quotation. Place them after all punctuation that is part of the quotation.
Ø 将结束双引号放在所有不属于原始双引号的标点符号之前。将它们放在引用的所有标点符号之后。
例1：The sample solution was stirred briefly with a magnetic “flea”.
例2：Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.”
Ø Use quotation marks around words used in a new sense or words not used literally, but only the first time they appear in text.
Ø 在新意义上使用的单词或未按字面意思使用的单词周围使用双引号，但仅在它们首次出现在文本中时使用。
例1：Plastocyanin is a soluble “blue” copper protein.
例2：The integrated intensity of each diagonal in the spectrum is proportional to a “mixing coefficient”.
例3：The “electron-deficient” cations are, in fact, well-established intermediates.
Ø Use quotation marks to enclose the titles of uniquely named parts and sections of a book or a paper.
Ø 使用双引号将书籍或论文中名称独立指定部分和章节的标题括起来。
例1：A complete description of the oils is given in the section “Flavonoids in Citrus Peel Oils”, and other references are listed in the bibliography.
但是：
The preface describes the complexity of the problem.
序言描述了这个问题的复杂性。
Ø Use quotation marks to enclose short direct quotations (up to three sentences).
Ø 用双引号括起简短的直接引语（最多三句话）。
例1：In the book Megatrends, Naisbitt concludes, “We are moving from the specialist who is soon obsolete to the generalist who can adapt.”
Ø Use a narrower column width (that is, indented on both sides) for longer quotations (extracts) of 50 words or more. Do not use quotation marks.
Ø 对于50个单词或更多的较长引文（摘录），请使用较窄的列宽（即两边缩进）。不要使用双引号。
例1：
Everything is made of atoms. That is the key hypothesis. The most important hypothesis in all of biology, for example, is that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.
—Richard Phillips Feynman
However, this convention does not apply in an article quoting someone who has been interviewed. In such cases, quoted text need not be differentiated by column width, and quotation marks should be used.
然而，这一惯例不适用于引用接受采访的人的文章。在这种情况下，引用的文本不需要按列宽进行区分，应该使用双引号。
Ø Use single quotation marks only when they are within double quotation marks.
Ø 仅当单引号位于双引号内时才使用单引号。
例1：He said, “You should read the article ‘Fullerenes Gain Nobel Stature’ in the January 6, 1997, issue of Chemical & Engineering News.”
