第八节 动词前缀 “under-”
“under-”前缀动词则表示“不足”、“不够”,多数情况下与“out-”前缀动词构成反义。
1. appreciate vt 正确地判断…的价值;鉴赏
an underappreciated person. 不被欣赏的人。
2. act vi/vt 演戏;表演
overact vi/vt 演得过火;演得太夸张;underact vi/vt 表演不够卖力
to underact the part of Hamlet. 没演出哈姆雷特这个角色的特色。
3. bid vt 出价
Will anyone bid 5 dollars for this painting? 有人出五美元买这幅画么?
underbid /overbid vt/vi (拍卖时)出价低/高过(他人)
He would either overbid/underbid the project, not bid at all.
他会出过高(低)的价钱来投标工程,或根本不投标工程。
4. charge vt /vi 索价;要价
overcharge vt(向某人)索价太高;undercharge vt 少讨(某物)的价钱。
We were overcharged/undercharged for the eggs. 我们的鸡蛋买贵/便宜了。
5. cut vt 说服(某人)减价等
we managed to cut him down by 30 dollars.
我们总算说服他把价格减低了 30 美元。
undercut vt 索价低于竞争者
Yet surprisingly, no one has come in to undercut them and offer a comparable
product at half price.
但令人意外的是,没有人提供质量类似、售价只有其一半的产品,来抢走他们的生意。
6. estimate vt/vi 评定;估计
underestimate vt 低估
They underestimated the enemy's strength. 他们低估了敌人的力量。
7. feed vt/vi 给予食物;喂
She underfed his former wife's children. 她总是不让他前妻的孩子吃饱。
underfed adj 吃得太少的,没吃饱的
8. pay vt 付款;给某人报酬
overpay vt 多付。
underpay vt 付给(工人等)太低的工资。
Has Jack been overpaid/underpaid for his work? 杰克的工作报酬是否过高(低)?
9. populate vt 居住于
thinly populated parts of China. 中国人口稀少的地方。
underpopulated adj (指一国家或地区)人口稀少的
10. rate vt/vi 估价;评价
overrate vt/vi 高估;估计过高。
underrate vt/vi 低估;估计过低。
overrate/underrate sb’s abilities. 高估某人的能力。
11. sell vt /vi 卖;售
undersell vt(较竞争者)廉价出售
This store can undersell other stores because it sells by cash.
这个商店售价低于其他店是因其以现金交易。
12. staff vt 供以人员
staff a new school. 预备一个新学校的人员。
an understaffed office. 人手不够的机关。
13. state vt 说;陈述
overstate vt 夸大叙述;言过其实
understate vt 未充分或完整表地陈述
Don’t overstate/understate your case. 不要夸张(保留)你的实情。
14 . value vt 估…的价格;定…价
undervalue vt 低估…的价值。
He often undervalued the literary works of young writers.
他经常低估青年作家的文学作品。
词 汇 积 累
1. cloak n 披风;斗篷
under the cloak of justice. 披着正义的外衣。
2. clock n 钟
a. The clock is ticking. 时间紧迫。
b. We’ve never been on the clock like this before. 我们的时间从未如此紧迫过。
c. I am off the clock.下班了。
d. Clock starts. 倒计时开始。
3. closure n 关闭;停业
the base closure. 基地关闭(停用)。
4. clue n 线索;端倪
Many people don’t have a clue that is biological illness with a distinct pathophysiology.
许多人并不知道这是一种具有独特的病理生理学机制的生理性疾病。
5. cluster n (指人、动物、物件等)小群
cluster cases . 群体性事件。