雅思写作素材（新版）| Lecture 3 犯罪（适用口语Part 3)
Lecture 3 犯罪
Part 1 必备素材-犯罪
- commit crimes 犯罪=violate laws
- minor crimes 轻微犯罪（vandalism 破坏公物；driving under the influence 酒后驾车；shoplifting 商场偷盗）
- serious offences 重犯罪(rob; blackmail勒索，敲诈)
- criminals-offenders-law-breakers 犯罪的人3种
- habitual criminal 惯犯
犯罪的原因 reasons
- violent or sexual images-imitate / copy 网络上色情和暴力的图像去模仿
- make friends with wrong people (take drugs;gamble )- go astray 误入歧途
- consumerism prevails 消费主义盛行 - spend more than they earn
- character flaws/peer pressure - anti-social behavior 反社会行为/misbehavior 不当行为 /misconduct
解决方案 Solutions-prevent crimes / reduce crime rates
- create jobs - a stable source of income创造就业机会
- reduce social inequality-bridge the gap between the rich and the poor 减少社会不公，缩短社会差距
- Eliminate corruption 消除腐败- be treated unfairly-lead to resentment导致怨恨
- Deter crime制止犯罪：increase police forces；install CCTV in public places安装闭电视；formulate laws to punish criminals 制定法律/ impose severe punishment on them重罚; report crime (but: sensationalise crime耸人听闻 - cause public panic导致公众恐慌)
prison term（imprison）关押
利Pros
A deterrent effect 震慑作用
Give comfort to victims and relatives 给受害者安慰
弊 Cons
Exclude them from society-lose job skills-hard to reintegrate into society 与社会隔离哈，很难融入
so-解决方案
First-time offender-rehabilitate / rehabilitation教化- become the able members of society 变成社会的有用之才
Part 2 同义替换
1、损害 impair
2、改变 alter
change / alter the nature of science 改变科学的本质
modify the design 修改设计
3、确保 guarantee /ensure
guarantee 确保质量
Part 3 必备句式
1、主语+affect（s）somebody / something in a number of undesirable ways 以很多不好的方式影响或者某事 万能句式
eg： The ‘cult of celebrity’ is affecting children in a number of undesirable ways.
注：cult of celebrity 名人崇拜
2、主语 + contribute（s）to something 导致或者有助于某事
eg：The sense of belonging to a team or a
working community contributes to job satisfaction.归属感有利于工作满意度
注: the sense of belong 归属感；
job satisfaction 工作满意度
