DAO 能否建造下一个伟大的城市？

DAO 或“去中心化自治组织”能否成为建设下一个伟大城市的关键？实验性城市学家 Scott Fitsimones 分享了这些任务驱动、区块链管理、集体所有的组织如何提高建设城市的速度和效率（以及许多其他应用程序）——同时以一种激进的协作方式汇集决策权。听听他如何在怀俄明州购买了 40 英亩的土地并开始经营“加密货币合作社”...

How do you start a new city? Turns out it's not easy. You need to survey terrain, get permission from a state, buy land, convince people to move there. And until Elon Musk gets us to Mars, land is a finite resource. And the good spots are probably all taken.

你如何开始一个新的城市？ 事实证明这并不容易。 你需要勘测地形， 获得州政府的许可，购买土地， 说服人们搬到那里。 在埃隆·马斯克把我们带到火星之前， 土地是一种有限的资源。 而好的地方可能都被占用了。

But what if we could start smaller, like really small? And just post on Twitter. That's what I did, because it allowed me to find people all over the world willing to help me figure it out. My new internet friends and I started a group chat, pooled cryptocurrency,researched locations, and three months later, we bought 40 acres of land near Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

但是，如果我们可以从更小的开始，比如非常小的开始呢？ 只需在 Twitter 上发布。 这就是我所做的， 因为它让我找到了世界各地 愿意帮助我解决问题的人。 我和我的新朋友开始了群聊， 汇集了加密货币， 研究了地点， 三个月后，我们 在怀俄明州的黄石国家公园附近购买了 40 英亩的土地。

Now we had a piece of land, a pool of money, and a lot of decisions to make collectively. That’s why we decided to start a DAO, or a decentralized autonomous organization, called CityDAO. A DAO is an internet native, blockchain-governed,collectively owned organization working towards a shared mission. Most DAOs pool cryptocurrency in a treasury where members vote on how it's used.

现在我们有了一块土地，一大笔钱， 还有很多需要集体做出的决定。 这就是为什么我们决定创建一个 DAO， 或者一个去中心化的自治组织，称为 CityDAO。 DAO 是一个互联网原生的、由区块链管理的、 集体所有的组织，致力于共同的使命。 大多数 DAO 将加密货币集中在一个金库 中，成员对其使用方式进行投票。

In a traditional company, a CEO works with executives to set the direction, the budgets and hands priorities down the org chart to be implemented. In a DAO, members act as peers, contributing capital, proposing and working on projects and making decisions as a group. Top-down management is replaced by blockchain-based rules encoded in smart contracts. For example, funding a project if a proposal passes.

在传统公司中， CEO 与高管一起制定方向、预算 并下达要实施的组织结构图的优先级。 在 DAO 中，成员充当同行、 贡献资金、 提议和处理项目 并作为一个群体做出决策。 自上而下的管理被 智能合约中编码的基于区块链的规则所取代。 例如，如果提案通过，则为项目提供资金。

If a traditional company succeeds, most of the wealth will accrue to a few founders, some early employees and investors who are generally already higher net-worth. A DAO is a sort of crypto co-op, giving a wider group of people the opportunity to own a piece, participate in management and share in the potential upside.

如果一家传统公司成功了， 大部分财富将归于少数创始人、 一些早期员工 和投资者，这些人通常已经拥有较高的净资产。 DAO 是一种加密合作社， 让更多人有机会拥有一块、 参与管理 并分享潜在的上行空间。

CityDAO grew out of my frustrations dealing with city bureaucracy and red tape while building a start-up that helps cities better utilize their empty parking lots. It took us over three months to get a permit just to sell parking in San Francisco. And it was an archaic bureaucratic nightmare. Things like putting a parking lot to higher and better use, which my urbanist self really wants to do, like, you know, build a food truck park, logistics hub, maybe even new housing, a farmer's market. These things are also really tedious, can take months, years, or even just be illegal due to zoning laws.

CityDAO 源于我对处理城市官僚主义和繁文缛节的挫败感，同时建立了一家 帮助城市更好地利用空置停车场的初创公司。 我们花了三个多月的时间才拿到在旧金山出售停车位的许可证。这是一个古老的官僚主义噩梦。诸如将停车场用于更高更好的使用，这是我的城市主义者自己真正想做的事情，例如，您知道，建造食品卡车公园，物流中心，甚至可能是新住房，农贸市场。这些事情也非常乏味，可能需要数月、数年，甚至由于分区法而只是非法的。

CityDAO was among the first DAOs brave enough to buy land.And speaking of bureaucracy, it took us over a month to do sounder the current system. We had to find an agent, coordinate tours, make offers, wait for counteroffers, put down a deposit,form an LLC, fill out paperwork. At CityDAO, we imagine an on-chain city where things like permitting, budgets, laws, deeds and records, they're all just transparent on a blockchain, and smart contracts can speed up the transactions and reduce bureaucracy.

CityDAO 是第一批勇敢购买土地的 DAO 之一。 说到官僚主义，在现行制度下，我们花了一个多月的时间才这样做。 我们必须找到代理、协调旅游、提供报价、等待还价、支付押金、成立有限责任公司、填写文书工作。在 CityDAO，我们想象一个链上城市，其中许可、预算、法律、契约和记录等内容在区块链上都是透明的，智能合约可以加快交易速度并减少官僚主义。

Let me give you an example. Things that used to take weeks, like buying or selling land or taking a loan out against your property,that could happen in seconds through a smart contract.

让我给你举个例子。 过去需要数周才能完成的事情， 例如买卖土地或为您的财产贷款， 通过智能合约可以在几秒钟内完成。

DAOs are financial flash mobs, often organizing seemingly overnight in pursuit of an idea. They usually start out as a few people who have a big vision but realize it will take a large collective effort to get it done. So they usually start the community in a group chat server, and the most common is called Discord. We use Discord for weekly community calls where people can share ideas and debate proposals. In the server, channels are set up around teams and projects. Instead of a formal boss, each team has an elected facilitator who holds regular meetings. People can contribute to the DAO full-time, part-time, but one of the most common ways is through bounties, where you hop in and out of the DAO, taking on small tasks and contributing where you can.

DAO 是金融快闪族， 通常似乎在一夜之间组织起来以追求一个想法。 他们通常从几个有远见的人开始， 但意识到要完成它需要大量的集体努力。 所以他们通常在群聊服务器中启动社区， 最常见的就是所谓的 Discord。 我们使用 Discord 进行每周一次的社区电话会议 ，人们可以在这里分享想法和辩论提案。 在服务器中，围绕团队和项目设置频道。 每个团队都没有正式的老板，而是 有一个选举产生的促进者定期举行会议。 人们可以全职或兼职为 DAO 做出贡献， 但最常见的方式之一是通过赏金， 你在哪里跳进跳出 DAO，承担小任务并尽你所能做出贡献。

Most DAOs raised some initial funding by selling a governance token that gives holders voting rights over DAO activities. You can either buy these tokens on the open market using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum, or you can earn them by contributing to the DAO. For example, things like designing a logo, researching or writing some code. At CityDAO, we raised over six million dollars from 5,000 people through our governance token called “Citizenship”. Citizens get to vote in things like where our next piece of land will be located.

大多数 DAO 通过出售治理代币筹集了一些初始资金，该代币 赋予持有者对 DAO 活动的投票权。 您可以 使用以太坊等加密货币在公开市场上购买这些代币， 也可以通过向 DAO 捐款来赚取这些代币。 例如，设计徽标、研究或编写一些代码之类的事情。 在 CityDAO，我们 通过称为“公民身份”的治理代币从 5,000 人那里筹集了超过 600 万美元。 公民可以投票决定 我们下一块土地的位置。

DAOs have been called group chats with a bank account. And I know what you're thinking. "Scott, sharing a bank account with my significant other is already hard enough. Now you're telling me I have to share one with 5,000 people on the internet?"

DAO 被称为与银行账户的群聊。 我知道你在想什么。 “斯科特，与我的另一半共享银行账户 已经够难的了。 现在你告诉我我必须在互联网上与 5,000 人共享一个？”

Well, it's not that bad. Blockchain helps fix this. So funds live in a public blockchain treasury where anyone can audit income and spending. And any time spending or money transfers are involved, the DAO approves it through a proposal. Typically written by a DAO member, a proposal starts as an idea that gets debated and is put to a vote of the token holders.

好吧，这还不错。 区块链有助于解决这个问题。 因此，资金存放在公共区块链金库 中，任何人都可以在其中审计收入和支出。 并且涉及到任何时间花费或资金转移， DAO 通过提案予以批准。 通常由 DAO 成员编写， 提案从一个经过辩论的想法开始， 并提交给代币持有者投票。

For example, one of the first proposals at CityDAO was, of course, which piece of land to buy. The DAO debated must-haves, nice-to-haves, and DAO contributors combed through Wyoming land listings and narrowed it down to the top three,outlining the pros and cons of each and presenting the final proposal to the DAO for a vote. We voted to acquire Parcel 0 near Cody, Wyoming. Chosen for being close to an airport, having an on-site well for water access, and of course, the most important criterion of all, being near Kanye West.

例如， CityDAO 的第一个提案当然 是购买哪块土地。 DAO 就必须具备的条件、值得拥有的条件进行辩论， DAO 的贡献者梳理了怀俄明州的土地清单 ，并将其缩小到前三名， 概述了每个方面的优缺点， 并将最终提案提交给 DAO 进行投票。 我们投票决定收购怀俄明州科迪附近的 Parcel 0。 选择是因为靠近机场， 有现场水井，当然， 最重要的标准 是靠近 Kanye West。

OK, OK, that wasn't really in the criteria, but it just so happens our piece of land in Wyoming is not far from Kanye's own Cody ranch.

好吧，好吧，这并不是真正的标准， 但碰巧 我们在怀俄明州的这块土地离 Kanye 自己的 Cody 牧场不远。

The next steps at CityDAO are things like voting on what gets built on the land and who gets to use it when. Some other proposals floating around are things like buying a piece of land in the Amazon for conservation or building out a network of DAO-owned spaces where citizens can visit at any time, a decentralized city, perhaps. Today we're seeing DAOs do all kinds of really interesting things together. They're building products, they're investing in start-ups, they're buying art and assets,they're funding research and raising money.

CityDAO 的下一步 是投票决定在土地上建造什么 以及谁可以在何时使用它。 其他一些漂浮 的提议包括在亚马逊购买一块土地进行保护，或者建立一个 DAO 拥有的空间网络 ，公民可以随时访问 ，也许是一个去中心化的城市。 今天我们看到 DAO 一起做各种非常有趣的事情。 他们在开发产品，他们在投资初创企业， 他们在购买艺术品和资产， 他们在资助研究和筹集资金。

Let's take a look at some examples. ConstitutionDAO raised over 47 million dollars in seven days in attempt to buy an original US Constitution copy. It usually takes longer than seven days just to set up a company and open a bank account. Krause House is buying an NBA team and LinksDAO a golf course. DAO members will likely get to participate in key things, like who's coaching the team or where the golf course gets built. PleasrDAO collects art and digital assets like NFTs. They recently purchased the only copy in existence of an unreleased Wu-Tang Clan album, and DAO members are now the only people in the world who can legally listen to it. VectorDAO is a collective of designers shaking up the agency model where DAO members get ownership in each project they work on. In DAOs like MetaCartel and Seed Club, members review submissions from promising start-ups and projects and decide on which ones to fund. VitaDAO is funding research, and more recently, UkraineDAO raised over six million dollars to donate towards the Ukrainian defense effort.

让我们看一些例子。 宪法 DAO 在 7 天内筹集了超过 4700 万美元， 试图购买美国宪法原件。 成立公司 和开立银行账户通常需要超过 7 天的时间。 Krause House 正在购买一支 NBA 球队，而 LinksDAO 正在购买一座高尔夫球场。 DAO 成员可能会参与关键事务， 例如谁在执教球队或高尔夫球场的建造地点。 PleasrDAO 收集艺术品和数字资产，例如 NFT。 他们最近购买了唯一 一张未发行的 Wu-Tang Clan 专辑， 而 DAO 成员现在是世界上 唯一可以合法收听这张专辑的人。 VectorDAO 是一个设计师的集体 改变DAO 成员在他们从事的每个项目中获得所有权 的代理模式。在 MetaCartel 和 Seed Club 等 DAO 中， 成员审查有前途的初创公司和项目的提交， 并决定资助哪些。 VitaDAO 正在资助研究， 最近，UkraineDAO 筹集了超过 600 万美元 用于捐赠给乌克兰的国防工作。

It’s still early for DAOs, and they certainly aren't for everything.They require a level of consensus building and might move slower than a company who has a boss who can just call the shots. After all, ConstitutionDAO was outbid at Sotheby's auction house by the CEO of Citadel. And some say the transparency and decentralization made it hard for the DAO to coordinate and win the auction. And while traditional corporate structures are battle-tested, DAOs are a new type of entity that can find themselves in uncharted regulatory waters. To help solve some of these issues, states like Wyoming are putting laws on the books that recognize DAOs. And we actually used one of these laws to buy our first piece of land at CityDAO, that's why it's in Wyoming.

对于 DAO 来说，现在还为时过早， 而且它们当然不是万能的。 他们需要建立一定程度的共识 ，并且可能比 拥有可以发号施令的老板的公司更慢。 毕竟，ConstitutionDAO 在苏富比拍卖行 被 Citadel 的首席执行官出价超过。 有人说，透明度和去中心化 使得 DAO 很难协调并赢得拍卖。 虽然传统的公司结构经过了实战考验，但 DAO 是一种新型实体 ，可以发现自己处于未知的监管水域。 为了帮助解决其中一些问题， 怀俄明州等州正在将法律写入承认 DAO 的书籍。 我们实际上使用其中一个法律在 CityDAO 购买了我们的第一块土地， 这就是为什么它在怀俄明州。

Once we work out the kinks, DAOs have the potential to increase economic opportunity and allow more people to share in the upsides of ownership. Things like real estate, sports teams, fine art. These are things that would typically be owned by a single, high net-worth individual that today DAOs are buying and democratizing.

一旦我们解决了问题， DAO 就有可能增加经济机会 并让更多人分享所有权的好处。 诸如房地产、运动队、美术之类的东西。 这些东西通常 由一个高净值个人拥有 ，如今 DAO 正在购买这些东西并使其民主化。

Imagine if the next social network or ride-hailing app were a DAO.And each time you posted valuable content or put in late-nights driving, you got little pieces of ownership in that platform. And since ownership means voting rights in DAOs, you can use your new voting power to propose changes to the platform if you think that there's a fairer or better way to do things.

想象一下，如果下一个社交网络或叫车应用是 DAO。 每次您发布有价值的内容或进行深夜驾驶时， 您都会在该平台上获得少量所有权。 由于所有权意味着 DAO 中的投票权， 如果您认为有更公平或更好的做事方式，您可以使用您的新投票权来提议对平台进行更改。

Agriculture enabled us to live in cities. The internet let us share information globally. And today, DAOs let us work together, trust each other and coordinate in a fairer way on larger-scale problems than ever before. And maybe a DAO can even build the next great city.

农业使我们能够生活在城市中。 互联网让我们在全球范围内共享信息。 而今天，DAO 让我们一起工作、 相互信任 ，并以比以往任何时候都更公平的方式协调解决更 大规模的问题。 也许一个 DAO 甚至可以建造下一个伟大的城市。