医英每日一句【2.18-2.20】

2.18 肺泡 The alveoli Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange in the lungs. The alveoli are made of alveolar type I cells, which are simple squamous epithelium. They are thin to permit the diffusion of gases.  The alveoli are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries, which are also made of simple squamous epithelium. Elastic connective tissue between alveoli is important for normal exhalation.  A thin layer of tissue fluid lines each alveolus. This is essential to permit diffusion of gases. Alveolar type II cells produce pulmonary surfactant that mixes with the tissue fluid lining to decrease surface tension to permit inflation of the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages phagocytize foreign material. ☑️注释：  🔵alveolus /ælˈvɪələs; ˌælvɪˈəʊləs/ 肺泡 (复数alveoli /ælˈvɪəlaɪ; ˌælvɪˈəʊlaɪ/) 🔵site /saɪt/ 地点；位置；现场；发生地；场所 🔵gas exchange /ˌɡæs ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ 气体交换 🔵lung  /lʌŋ/ 肺 🔵alveolar type I cell /ælˈvɪələ ˌtaɪp ˌwʌn ˈsɛl; ˌælvɪˈəʊlə/ I型肺泡细胞 🔵simple squamous epithelium /ˈsɪmpl ˈskweɪməs ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/ 单层扁平上皮；单层鳞状上皮 🔵diffusion  /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ 扩散；弥散；传播 🔵pulmonary capillary /ˈpʌlmənərɪ kəˈpɪlərɪ; ˈkæpəlɛrɪ/ 肺毛细血管 🔵elastic connective tissue /ɪˈlæstɪk kəˈnɛktɪv ˈtɪʃuː/ 弹性结缔组织 🔵exhalation /ˌɛkshəˈleɪʃən/ 呼气；呼出 🔵layer  /ˈleɪə/ 层 🔵tissue fluid /ˈtɪʃuː ˈfluːɪd/  组织液 🔵line  /laɪn/ v. (在某物的内部)形成一层 🔵alveolar type II cell /ælˈvɪələ ˌtaɪp ˌtuː ˈsɛl; ˌælvɪˈəʊlə/ II型肺泡细胞 🔵pulmonary surfactant /ˈpʌlmənərɪ sɜːˈfæktənt/ 肺表面活性物质 🔵lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ (身体器官内壁的)膜；内衬；衬里 🔵surface tension /ˌsɜːfɪs ˈtɛnʃ(ə)n/ 表面张力 🔵inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/ 充气；膨胀；增大 🔵alveolar macrophage /ælˈvɪələ ˈmækrə(ʊ)feɪdʒ; ˌælvɪˈəʊlə/ 肺泡巨噬细胞 🔵foreign material /ˈfɒrən məˈtɪərɪəl/ 异物 2.19 大肠癌筛查 Colorectal cancer screening saves lives. Colorectal cancer can affect anyone, and is most often found in people 50 or older. As more adults get screened, fewer are getting colorectal cancer. Screening can find abnormal growth so they can be removed before turning into cancer, and can find the cancer early, when it's easiest to treat. If you're over 50, talk to your doctor about getting screened for colorectal cancer. ☑️注释： 🔵colorectal cancer  /ˌkəʊləʊˈrɛktəl ˈkænsə/ 结直肠癌；大肠癌 🔵screening  /ˈskriːnɪŋ/ n. 筛查 🔵affect /əˈfɛkt/ (疾病)困扰(某人)；侵袭；使感染 🔵screen  /skriːn/ v.  筛查；检查 🔵abnormal /æbˈnɔːm(ə)l/ 异常的；反常的；不正常的；变态的 2.20 高血压 High blood pressure, also called hypertension, means that your blood pressure is consistently higher than the recommended level. Having high blood pressure increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. It's often called a silent killer as you may not have any symptoms. Nearly 5 million people in the UK don't realise they have high blood pressure. So knowing your blood pressure could save your life. And it's quick, free, and easy to get checked.  ☑️注释： 🔵hypertension  /ˌhaɪpəˈtɛnʃən/ 高血压 🔵consistently  /kənˈsɪstəntlɪ/ 一贯地；始终 🔵recommended  /ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd/ 被推荐的；建议的；被推崇的 🔵stroke  /strəʊk/ 脑卒中；中风 🔵symptom  /ˈsɪmptəm/ 症状；征兆；征候