passage 95 女性晋升并没有天花板效应，不要没事就带性别节奏

★★★★

看题：

1.The primary purpose of the passage is to 主旨目的看框架

2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “limited evidence” from Sweden and Australia? 直接细节

3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following? 态度题

文章讲解：

①Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business.  ②This proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor. ③Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has failed to support the increasing-disadvantage model. ④Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporate hierarchies. ⑤In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.
① 大众观点，女性晋升阻力大于男性
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② ↔ ③

          ↓

       ④+⑤

proposition: 陈述，主张，观点；提议

①Comparing cross-sectional[CJ3]  national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’s at higher levels. ②Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a myth. ③Women’s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels. （越往上劣势累积）

①顺承上段的事实

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② （作者）观点

↓

③

myth 虚构，虚假

 [CJ3] A cross-sectional study is defined as a type of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a pre-defined subset.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 观点点评，证据不足以支撑观点

B

A. compare two explanations for a recurring problem 没有证据

B. summarize evidence relevant to a hypothesis 

C. point out inconsistencies in a set of findings 不直接攻击论据

D. account for the persistence of a point of view 相反，立驳颠倒

E. reconsider the origins an ongoing issue 没有证据

2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “limited evidence” from Sweden and Australia? 直接细节，这里是一个让步选项

A. It lends support to the increasing-disadvantage model 对应让步

B. It correlates with findings on women’s mobility from most other countries. 没有证据

C. It suggests important cultural similarities between these countries. NE

D. It points to a phenomenon not widely recognized in these countries. NE

E. It helps explain the persistence of the glass ceiling 不能解释，NE

★3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following? 态度题，异中取同

A. Lower down on the organizational ladder, women tend to experience fewer disadvantages than they do at higher levels 大众观点（越往上越难）的另一种形式，而非作者观点

B. Women experience no more disadvantages in moving up the organizational ladder than do men 作者的

C. The degree of disadvantage experienced by women remains constant as women move up the organizational ladder 作者的

D. The obstacles to women’s advancement vary significantly from country to country NE

E. Women face some disadvantage at each stage of the organizational ladder 文章讨论的是这个难度有没有随着阶层变化，前提是认为都有难度的

Q1：主旨题

根据文章结构分层可以知道，文章分为四部分：

1.背景介绍什么是organizational ladder以及glass ceiling metaphor; 

2.目前数据不支持这个理论；

3.论证为什么不能支持，给出证据；

4.得出结论，估计是一个谜。

A 比较关于某个重复出现的问题的两个解释（没有比较两个解释，错误）

B 总结与猜想相关的证据（提出了支持的证据和反驳的证据，最后指出是一个谜，符合）

C 指出一系列发现前后矛盾（没有提及发现的前后矛盾，错误）

D 解释某个观点持续存在（没有证据）

E 重新考虑一个发展中问题的来源（没有重新考虑起源）