拉丁语翻译笔记 喀提林阴谋 (4)

背景、符号标记等见序言

13.1 [Nam quid] ea memorem, (quae [nisi iis], (qui videre), [nemini] <credibilia> sunt): (a privatis compluribus subvorsos montis, maria constrata esse)?

洛：Why, pray, should I speak of things which are incredible except to those who have seen them that a host of private men have levelled mountains and built upon the seas?

试：For what should I mention these, which are credible to nobody except those who have seen: the mountains overthrown and seas were covered by several private men?

思考：

1. 此句难点较多：主句是使用考量虚拟式的疑问句，其中又嵌套了多个定语从句。疑问代词和关系代词需要小心辨别。

2. 词法方面，videre(..3.p.pef)，montis(m.p.c)都不算是常见形式，需要小心避免混淆。

试（中）：我为何要提及那些无人相信除非亲眼目睹的事呢：山峰与海洋竟被一些私人搬走填平？

 

13.2 Quibus mihi videntur ludibrio fuisse divitiae: quippe, quas honeste habere licebat, abuti per turpitudinem properabant.

洛：To such men their riches seem to me to have been but a plaything; for while they might have enjoyed them honourably, they made haste to squander them shameful.

试：To them, wealth seems to me to have been of mockery: in fact, it is allowed to keep wealth honourably, which they hastened to spent through ugliness.

 

13.3 Sed lubido stupri, ganeae ceterique cultus non minor incesserat: viri muliebria pati, mulieres pudicitiam in propatulo habere; vescendi causa terra marique omnia exquirere; dormire prius, quam somni cupido esset; non famem aut sitim, neque frigus neque lassitudinem opperiri, sed ea omnia luxu antecapere.

洛：Nay more, the passion which arose for lewdness, gluttony, and the other attendants of luxury was equally strong; men played the woman, women offered their chastity for sale; to gratify their palates hey scoured land and sea; they slept before the needed sleep; they did not await the coming of hunger or thirst, of cold or of weariness, but all these things their self-indulgence anticipated.

试：But the desire of disgrace, disorderly house and other thing came into culture no less: men submitted to effeminacy, women used their purity in open space; with the cause of eating they searched out everything on earth and in sea; they slept before the desire of sleeping came, they didn’t wait for hunger or thirst, cold or lassitude, but they went against all these beforehand with extravagance.

1. 全句使用历史不定式

2. viri muliebria pati中pati在Chambers Murray词典中被解释为submit to（使用的例句即为此句），同时还给出了某不可描述的暗示。商务印书馆版选择了experience这一释义也可接受，但不如洛译的play来得 一 语 双 关，请读者自行体会。

 

13.4 Haec iuventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant:

洛：Such were the vices that incited the young men to crime, as soon as they had run through their property.

试：These desires excited a young man to make evil, when his family resources failed:

 

13.5 animus inbutus malis artibus haud facile lubidinibus carebat; eo profusius omnibus modis quaestui atque sumptui deditus erat.

洛：Their minds, habituated to evil practices, could not easily refrain from self-indulgence, and so they abandoned themselves the more recklessly to every means of gain as well as of extravagance.

试：a soul soaked in evil morals by no means easily denied desires; it was devoted more lavishly to gain and expense in all ways.

 

段落大意 (13)：

对于巨富之家而言，金钱只是一种玩物。一旦人们习惯了这样的价值观，他们便会不择手段地满足自己的欲望。

 

14.1 In tanta tamque corrupta civitate Catilina, id (quod factu facillumum erat), omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat.

洛：In a city so great and so corrupt Catiline found it a very easy matter to surround himself, as by a bodyguard, with troops of criminals and repro-bates of every kind.

试：In the so great and so corrupt city, Catiline considered it, which was extremely easy to do, and made crowds of all rascals and criminals around him just as retinues.

思考：

1. id和se受到共同谓语habebat的支配，分别使用了不同的意思。这样可以解释id看似悬空出现的现象，有无更合理的解释？

 

14.2 Nam quicumque inpudicus, adulter, ganeo, manu, ventre, pene bona patria laceraverat quique alienum aes grande conflaverat, quo flagitium aut facinus redimeret,

洛：For whatever wanton, glutton, or gamester had wasted his patrimony in play, feasting or debauchery; anyone who had contracted an immense debt that he might buy immunity from disgrace or crime;

试：For whoever shameless, adulterer, debauchee, consumed inherited gifts with hand, belly, penis, and who forged large debt, by which he redeemed shame or crime.

1. manu，ventre，pene都有指代意味，试译选用原义。

 

14.3 praeterea omnes undique parricidae, sacrilegi, convicti iudiciis aut pro factis iudicium timentes, ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua periurio aut sanguine civili alebat, postremo omnes, quos flagitium, egestas, conscius animus exagitabat, ii Catilinae proxumi familiaresque erant.

洛：all, furthermore, from every side who had been convicted of murder or sacrilege, or feared prosecution for their crimes; those, too, whom hand and tongue supported by perjury or the blood of their fellow citizens; finally, all who were hounded by disgrace, poverty, or an evil conscience——all these were nearest and dearest to Catiline.

试：moreover, from everywhere all murderers of parent and the sacrilegious, the convicted or fearful of judges for crimes, besides, whom hand and tongue fed by perjury or blood of citizens, at last all, whom disgrace, indigence, and sharing spirit excited, they were the nearest friends of Catiline.

参考中译：此外，还有所有那些因谋杀或渎神而被判了罪的人或是所有那些因本身的罪行而害怕受到追究的人；还有靠发伪誓的手和舌头或靠他们本国公民的血而生活的那些人；最后，所有那些受到耻辱、贫困或一个邪恶的良心的因扰的人都从四面八方集合起来：他们都是同喀提林最亲最近的人。

试（中）：此外，一切弑亲者和渎神者，被判有罪者或畏惧刑罚者，还有以伪誓之口和谋杀之手为生的人，最终，所有这些被耻辱、贫穷和相似理念所刺激的人，从四面八方而来，他们是喀提林最亲密的朋友。

 

14.4 Quod si quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam eius inciderat, cotidiano usu atque illecebris facile par similisque ceteris efficiebatur.

洛：And if an guiltless man did chance to become his friend, daily intercourse and the allurements of vice soon made him as bad or almost as bad as the rest.

试：Because if who even free from blame carved into his friendship, in daily profit and allurement, he was easily made equal and similar to others.

 

14.5 Sed maxume adulescentium familiaritates adpetebat: eorum animi molles etiam et fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur.

洛：But most of all Catiline sought the intimacy of the young; their minds, still pliable as they were and easily moulded, were without difficulty ensnared by his wiles.

试：But he greatly obtained the friendship of young people: their still weak and unstable minds were seized by his wiles with no difficulty at all.

 

14.6 Nam ut cuiusque studium ex aetate flagrabat, aliis scorta praebere, aliis canes atque equos mercari; postremo neque sumptui neque modestiae suae parcere, dum illos obnoxios fidosque sibi faceret.

洛：For carefully noting the passion which burned in each, according to his time of life, he found harlots for some or bought dogs and horses for others; in fine, he spared neither expense nor his own decency, provided he could make them submissive and loyal to himself.

试：For, as the eagerness of each one blazed in accordance with age, he offered harlots to some people, dogs and horses to other people; finally he was neither sparing to expense nor his modesty, provided that he made those men under obligation and trusty to himself.

 

14.7 Scio fuisse nonnullos, qui ita existumarent iuventutem, quae domum Catilinae frequentabat, parum honeste pudicitiam habuisse; sed ex aliis rebus magis quam quod cuiquam id compertum foret, haec fama valebat.

洛：I am aware that some have believed that the young men who frequented Catiline's house set but little store by their chastity but that report became current rather for other reasons than because anyone had evidence of its truth.

试：I know there have been some people, who therefore estimated the youth, who frequented Catiline’s home, little decently had purity, but this fame grew more from other things than because it was discovered to anyone.

 

段落大意 (14)：

因此，喀提林在罗马可以轻易聚集一大批行为肮脏道德败坏的狐朋狗友。要知道，喀提林善于用好处和花言巧语去诱惑与腐蚀一个人，特别是年轻人。当然他也因此声名狼藉。

 

15.1 Iam primum adulescens Catilina multa nefanda stupra fecerat, cum virgine nobili, cum sacerdote Vestae, alia huiusce modi contra ius fasque.

洛：Even in youth Catiline had many shameful intrigues——with a maiden of noble rank, with a priestess of Vesta——and other affairs equally unlawful and impious.

试：Moreover, in the beginning young Catiline made many abominable, disgraceful things, with a young noble woman, with a priestess of Vesta, and other things in the way against human and divine law.

 

15.2 Postremo captus amore Aureliae Orestillae, cuius praeter formam nihil umquam bonus laudavit, quod ea nubere illi dubitabat timens privignum adulta aetate, pro certo creditur necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse.

洛：At last he was seized with a passion for Aurelia Orestilla, in whom no good man ever commended anything save her beauty; and when she hesitated to marry him because she was afraid of his stepson, then a grown man, it is generally believed that he murdered the young man in order to make an empty house for this criminal marriage.

试：At last, caught in love of Aurelia Orestilla, to whom no good man praised anything except beauty, because she doubted to marry him, fearing the step-son who was in the grown-up age, according to the fact he is believed to have made his house empty for the wicked marriage by having his son killed.

 

15.3 Quae quidem res mihi in primis videtur causa fuisse facinus maturandi.

洛：In fact, I think that this was his special motive for hastening his plot;

试：Which thing in fact seems to me especially to be the reason of hastening this deed.

 

15.4 Namque animus inpurus, dis hominibusque infestus, neque vigiliis neque quietibus sedari poterat: ita conscientia mentem excitam vastabat.

洛：for his guilt-stained soul, at odds with gods and men could find rest neither waking nor sleeping, so cruelly did con science ravage his overwrought mind.

试：And for the filthy soul, danger to human and gods, could neither calm down in vigilance nor in rest, thus conscience ravaged his excited mind.

 

15.5 Igitur color ei exsanguis, foedi oculi, citus modo, modo tardus incessus: prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat.

洛：Hence his pallid complexion, his bloodshot eyes, his gait now fast, now slow; in short, his face and his every glance showed the madman.

试：Therefore, to him the appearance was pale, eyes were horrible, pace was sometimes quick, sometimes slow: madness was absolutely in his appearance and expression.

1. 不确定ei是否为属有与格？

2. incessus(m..)是名词，意为节奏、步伐。modo...modo意为sometimes...sometimes...

3. 笔者认为不宜把前半句译成悬垂状语的结构，而是应补上esse，成为独立的句子。

 

段落大意 (15)：

喀提林年轻时就有混乱的私生活。据说他为了和一个美女结婚，杀害了自己的儿子以腾出住宅。作者认为这也促成了他更大的罪行。此时的他也已经充满疯狂。

 

16.1 Sed iuventutem, quam, ut supra diximus, illexerat, multis modis mala facinora edocebat.

洛：To the young men whom he had ensnared as I have described, he taught many forms of wickedness.

试：But he taught young people which he allured, as I spoke above, evil deeds in many ways.

 

16.2 Ex illis testis signatoresque falsos commodare; fidem, fortunas, pericula vilia habere, post, ubi eorum famam atque pudorem attriverat, maiora alia imperabat.

洛：From their number he supplied false witnesses and forgers; he bade them make light of honour, fortune, and dangers; then, when he had sapped their good repute and modesty, he called for still greater crimes.

试：From those he supplied false witness and signers; made the price of faith, fortune and danger small, afterwards, when he worn away their fame and sense of shame, he gave orders for greater things.

思考：

1. fidem, fortunas...vilia habere的主语（省略）仍是Catilina，洛译使用了类似间接话语的结构，但原文中直接的宾语还应是fidem...等。

 

16.3 Si causa peccandi in praesens minus suppetebat, nihilo minus insontis sicuti sontis circumvenire, iugulare: scilicet, ne per otium torpescerent manus aut animus, gratuito potius malus atque crudelis erat.

洛：If there was no immediate motive for wrong doing, he nevertheless waylaid and murdered innocent as well as guilty; indeed, he preferred to be needlessly vicious and cruel rather than to allow their hands and spirits to grow weak through lack of practice.

试：If the cause of doing wrong didn’t suffice, no less he oppressed and murdered innocent as the guilty: certainly, in order that hands or mind would not grow dumb through leisure, he was rather evil and cruel without profit.

 

16.4 His amicis sociisque confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum per omnis terras ingens erat et quod plerique Sullani milites largius suo usi rapinarum et victoriae veteris memores civile bellum exoptabant, opprimundae rei publicae consilium cepit.

洛：Relying upon such friends and accomplices as these, Catiline formed the plan of overthrowing the government, both because his own debt was enormous in all parts of the world and because the greater number of Sulla's veterans, who had squandered their property and now thought with longing of their former pillage and victories, were eager for civil war.

试：When Catiline trusted by these friends and allies, at the same time because the debt throughout every lands was huge and because the most Sulla’s soldiers, enjoying rather largely with their property of pillages and victory, remembering of the old thing, desired civil war, took the plan of overwhelming the state.

思考：

1. largius应是副词比较级，而不是中性的形容词比较级。因为milites是n.p.，Sullani若按形容词理解则是n.p.（一致原则），largius不是复数，修饰milites不符合一致原则；若按Chambers Murray词典的名词（supporters）理解是m.p（做同位语），largius的性和数都无法符合一致原则。笔者认为洛译和商务印书馆译本对这个词的表现都不够清楚。这个副词应是修饰分词usi的。

 

16.5 In Italia nullus exercitus, Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat; ipsi consulatum petenti magna spes, senatus nihil sane intentus: tutae tranquillaeque res omnes, sed ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae.

洛：There was no army in Italy, Gnaeus Pompeius was waging war in distant parts of the world; Catiline himself had high hopes as a candidate for the consulship: the senate was anything but alert, all was peaceful and quiet this was his golden opportunity.

试：In Italy there was no army, Gneaus Pompeius was carrying war in the far lands; the hope to seeking consulship for himself was great, the senate was not tense at all: all things were safe and tranquil, but that was absolutely the opportunity for Catiline.

 

段落大意 (16)：
受他诱惑的年轻人是喀提林重要的力量来源。他会继续把他们拖进犯罪的深渊。此时此刻，国内的苏拉旧部渴望新的战争，庞培的军队远在国外，元老院因当下的和平而全无戒备，这是喀提林实施阴谋的好机会。