Renewal-Zone：华沙防御工事的交错新生︱波兰军事博物馆新总部

自1920年根据约瑟夫·毕苏斯基 (Józef Piłsudski) 元帅的法令成立以来，波兰军事博物馆始终未曾拥有展示其特色藏品的总部，而馆内藏品已超30万件。在一个多世纪的发展之后，博物馆终于向公众开放了现代化的总部，设有永久展览区和举办临时展览和文化活动的大厅空间。新的建筑由WXCA建筑设计事务所设计。

WXCA建筑设计事务所于2009年赢得了华沙城堡波兰军事博物馆新总部的国际建筑和城市设计竞赛。WXCA的获奖概念对场地在沙皇防御工事建立之前的历史进行了回溯。规划设计借鉴了波兰皇家近卫兵营和中心广场在18世纪的空间布局形式，围合在波兰军事博物馆的北楼和南楼，以及波兰历史博物馆总部的两座翼楼之间。

基于竞赛获奖概念打造的特色综合体，将与华沙城堡的X馆和历史堡垒遗址上已有的卡廷博物馆共同构成欧洲规模最大、最现代化的博物馆建筑群之一。该建筑群不仅是纪念和文化空间，更重要的是成为华沙居民日常活动的场所。被砖墙封闭至今的超30公顷的广阔绿地也将与这座19世纪的防御工事一同面向华沙人开放。

WXCA建筑师在他们的设计概念中传达了军事表征，通过波兰军事博物馆严谨的几何结构以及波兰皇家卫队广场两侧紧凑的布局来表达。南楼首先落成，其建筑表达由使用材料的材质、视觉特性及应用方式来定义。建筑师采用了彩色建筑混凝土材料，与华沙城堡的砖墙相呼应。巨大的体块表面印有特别设计的图案，设计以此化解了结构的巨大体量。V形图案巧妙地传递出军事意味。空间形式被构想为光影交错雕刻的表面，并随着一天中时间的变化影响人们对建筑的整体感知。每一个装饰模块的尺寸都由WXCA的建筑师依据人的尺度尤其是手的尺寸来设计，从而呈现出具有层次感的美学体验。当人们接近宏伟、严谨的建筑主体时首先注意到的是独特的立面细节。

波兰军事博物馆南楼由八个功能区构成，其中四个为永久展览区。规模最大的三个体量用于展示波兰从建国初至二战结束期间的武器历史，另一个则收藏东方的武器。第五个体量设有临时展览厅，也是博物馆的核心区域，用于举办特色活动和纪念性展览。这个大厅无限的灵活性将成为人们不断造访波兰军事博物馆的原因。近6000平方米的展览空间由三个体量补充：一个用于游客服务设施，其中包括办公和管理空间、一个最多可容纳百人的视听区域，以及仓库和技术办公区域。室内设计立足于特定建筑体块间的空间及张力，整体被设计为各色展览的简洁背景。

建筑师 Paweł Wolanin表示：“功能体块之间的玻璃幕墙模糊了室内外的界限。绿色空间将举办户外展览，同时华沙城堡的一些历史建筑也将被改造为游客服务设施，博物馆通过其他一些方式与公园相呼应。我们将整个综合体的建筑结构和公园空间视为一个不可分割的整体，这正是我们谈到的“博物馆公园”一词的含义，这颠覆并超越了博物馆空间的传统思维。”

波兰军事博物馆北楼将于二期开发完成。这两座建筑将构成华沙新兴的博物馆建筑群的核心——博物馆城堡，其中涵盖波兰历史博物馆的总部。项目将成为欧洲当今规模最大、最现代化的博物馆建筑群之一。

波兰军事博物馆项目创作者包括：Szczepan Wroński、Marta Sękulska Wrońska、Paweł Grodzicki、Krzysztof Budzisz、Paweł Wolanin、Krystian Tomczyk、Katarzyna Billik、Ewelina Szeląg、Anna Dobek、Kajetan Szostok、Małgorzata Gilarska、Michał Grabowski、Barbara Płonczyńska、Marcin Jurusik、Marcin Bieńka、Adrianna Nowak、Małgorzata Dębowska、Andrzej Bulanda

WXCA是波兰最负盛名和赞誉的建筑设计事务所之一，并屡次荣获国际性认可。WXCA的建筑师团队承担了2020年迪拜世博会的波兰馆设计，以及华沙城堡内波兰历史博物馆和波兰军事博物馆的博物馆综合体的设计，并曾两次荣获欧盟著名的密斯凡德罗奖提名。

Although the Polish Army Museum was established back in 1920 by a decree of Marshall Józef Piłsudski, the institution never had its own headquarters where it could present its unique collection, now amounting to over 300,000 exhibits. Today, after more than 100 years of existence, the museum can finally invite the public to its modern headquarters, which also includes a permanent exhibition as well as a hall for temporary exhibitions and cultural events. The new building was designed by the WXCA Architectural Design Studio.

The WXCA Architectural Design Studio won the international architecture and urban design competition for the new headquarters of the Polish Army Museum at the Warsaw Citadel in 2009. One of the aspects for which the concept of the WXCA architects was awarded included reaching back to the history of the place before the erection of the tsarist fortifications. The authors proposed an urban layout that draws from the 18th century spatial composition of the Polish Royal Foot Guard barracks and centrally positioned square. It is boxed in on both sides by the North and South Buildings of the Polish Army Museum and between two wings of the headquarters of the Polish History Museum. The representative complex that was based on the competition concept, along with the X Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel and the Katyń Museum already located on site of the historic fortress, will together form one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in Europe. This complex will be a place of remembrance and cultural goods and also – perhaps first and foremost – a place of everyday activities of Warsaw's residents. This is because over 30 hectares of expansive greenery that were so far closed off behind a brick wall will also be made available to Varsovians together with the 19th century fortification.

The WXCA architects also alluded to motives of military symbolics in their concept, which was expressed by a geometric, disciplined form of structures of the Polish Army Museum and their compact organisation from two sides of the square of the Polish Royal Foot Guards. The South Building was the first to be completed. Its architectural expression is defined by physical and visual properties of the applied materials and the method of working them. The architects decided to use coloured architectural concrete that refers to the brick walls of the Warsaw Citadel. The designers broke up the monumentality of the structure by a specially designed pattern that was imprinted on the surface of the massive blocks. This chevron pattern was intended to subtly invoke military motives. Its spatial form was conceived as a surface for the sculptural interplay of light and shadows that change depending on the time of day, thus, transforming the overall perception of the building. The size of a single module of the ornament was designed by the WXCA architects with reference to a human scale, specifically, that of a human hand, which results in a gradation of the aesthetic experience – when approaching the monumental, rigorous body of the building it is the façade detail that first comes to the fore.

The South Building of the Polish Army Museum comprises eight functional blocks. Four of them are intended to house the permanent exhibition. The three largest blocks are dedicated to the history of Polish Arms, from the beginnings of Poland's statehood right up to the end of the Second World War. The fourth  is devoted to the oriental weaponry collection. The fifth block, considered the heart of the museum, houses the Temporary Exhibition Hall – a space meant for special events and commemorative exhibitions. The variability of this hall will be a reason to keep returning to the Polish Army Museum. Close to 6,000 m2 of exhibition space will be complemented by three blocks: one for visitor services and facilities including office and administrative facilities, an audiovisual block with a capacity of up to 100 people, and a warehouse and technical office block. The interiors rely on the spatial tensions between specific building bodies and the spaces between them. As a whole, it was designed as a minimalist background for the presented exposition.

"There are glass façades between the functional block bodies that blur the boundaries between the interiors and the exteriors. The Museum corresponds with the park also in other ways, as there will be outdoor exhibition spaces among the green areas and some of the Warsaw Citadel historic buildings will be adapted to house visitor services and facilities. We treated the architectural structures of the entire complex and park space as an indissoluble whole. This is exactly what we mean by the term "museum park", which challenges and goes beyond traditional thinking about museum space," heralds architect Paweł Wolanin.

The North Building of the Polish Army Museum will be completed on the second stage of the development. Both buildings will constitute the central elements of the emerging museum complex in Warsaw – the Citadel of Museums, which also comprises the Polish History Museum headquarters. It will be one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in today's Europe.

Polish Army Museum Project authors: Szczepan Wroński, Marta Sękulska Wrońska, Paweł Grodzicki, Krzysztof Budzisz, Paweł Wolanin, Krystian Tomczyk, Katarzyna Billik, Ewelina Szeląg, Anna Dobek, Kajetan Szostok, Małgorzata Gilarska, Michał Grabowski, Barbara Płonczyńska, Marcin Jurusik, Marcin Bieńka, Adrianna Nowak, Małgorzata Dębowska, Andrzej Bulanda

WXCA is one of the most prestigious and best-known Polish architectural design studios, often attaining international recognition. The architects at WXCA are also responsible for the design of the Polish Pavilion at World Expo 2020 in Dubai and for the museum complex at the Warsaw Citadel housing the Polish History Museum and Polish Army Museum. The studio was twice nominated for the prestigious EU Mies van der Rohe Award.

Website: www.wxca.pl

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