外刊高翻第31课
“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平，
帮助世界解决饥荒和贫困
Yuan Longping, Plant Scientist
Who Helped Curb Famine, Dies at 90
第一段
SHANGHAI — Yuan Longping, a Chinese plant scientist whose breakthroughs in developing high-yield hybrid strains of rice helped to alleviate famine and poverty across much of Asia and Africa, died on Saturday in Changsha, China. He was 90.
上海——中国植物科学家袁隆平周六在湖南长沙逝世，享年90岁。他在高产杂交水稻方面的突破性工作，帮助从亚洲到非洲的大片地区解决了饥饿和贫困问题。
His research made him a national hero and a symbol of dogged scientific pursuit in China. His death triggered messages of grief across the country, where Mr. Yuan — slight, elfin-featured and wizened in old age — was a celebrity. Hundreds left flowers at the funeral home where his body was being kept.
袁隆平的研究让他成了一名民族英雄和中国坚持科学追求的象征。他的去世引发了全国各地的哀悼。袁隆平身材瘦小，曾经清秀的面容由于年老略显干瘪，他在中国是名人，有数百人在停放他遗体的殡仪馆前献了鲜花。
Mr. Yuan made two major discoveries in hybrid rice cultivation. Those discoveries in the early 1970s, together with breakthroughs in wheat cultivation in the 1950s and 1960s by Norman Borlaug, an American plant scientist, helped create the Green Revolution of steeply rising harvests and an end to famine in most of the world.
袁隆平在杂交水稻种植方面有两项重大发现。这些20世纪70年代初的发现，加上美国植物科学家诺曼·布劳格(Norman Borlaug) 20世纪50年代和60年代在小麦育种上取得的突破性进展，带来了一场使粮食产量大幅增长、结束了世界大部分地区饥荒的绿色革命。
By 170, Mr. Yuan was growing frustrated with his halting progress in creating more productive rice crops. He hit upon a shift in strategy: search for wild varieties across remote areas of China for more promising genetic material.
1970年时，袁隆平对自己在提高水稻产量方面进展缓慢越来越感到懊恼。他突然有了一个改变策略的想法：去中国偏远地区寻找野生品种，以获得更有希望的遗传物质。
A breakthrough came when Mr. Yuan’s team came upon a stretch of wild rice near a rail line on Hainan Island in southernmost China. The following year, Mr. Yuan separately published a research paper in China that explained how genetic material from wild rice could be transferred into commercial strains.
在中国最南端的海南岛，袁隆平的团队在一条铁路附近找到一片野生水稻，这是第一个突破。第二年，袁隆平在中国发表了一篇研究论文，描述了如何将野生水稻的遗传物质转移到商业品种中去的技术。
Once the wild rice’s genetic material was added, the world’s heavily inbred commercial rice strains could be hybridized with ease to produce big gains in crop output.
加入了野生稻遗传物质后，世界上高度自交的商业水稻品种就可以容易地进行杂交，从而大幅提高作物产量。
As Mr. Yuan and his ever-growing teams of rice experts introduced hybrid strains across Asia and Africa, they also taught farmers a wide range of advanced rice-growing techniques that produced further gains.
随着袁隆平及其不断壮大的水稻专家团队将杂交品种引进到亚洲和非洲各地，他们也向农民传授了一系列先进的水稻种植技术，让产量进一步提高。
Steeply rising yields helped to make famines a distant memory in most rice-growing countries. He saved a lot — a lot — of lives.
在大多数种植水稻的国家，产量的大幅上升让饥荒成了一个遥远的记忆。他挽救了很多很多生命。
1. 标题不是中英文一一对照的翻译
2. Develop研发
3. Strains菌株 breed动物的品种 variety不分动植物
4. Alleviate=curb缓解
5. Roadside stores=curbside stores路边摊
6. 先翻主句再翻从句，从句的作用是引出事实背景，表示原因放前，不表原因，前后均可
7. Dogged pursuit顽强的追求
8. Grief哀悼 offer condolences to sb向..表示哀悼 mourn the loss of 哀悼..逝世
9. Norman Borlaug小麦方面的成就
10. Help do A and B
11. Of包括..内容 a park of trees and flowers有花有树的公园/a mother of three有三个孩子的妈妈 a man of few words少言寡语的人 a man of integrity一个正直的人
12. Much of大片的，没有达到50%；超过大多数就是most of
13. create more productive,比较级翻译成相应的比较的动词：提高产量，增加等词会更加生动
14. How英译汉，翻译成如何翻不通的时候可以去掉
15. Gains获得的东西 在哪方面的增加；可以把produce删掉 名转动，动词优先 big gains大幅提高
16. No pains no gains没有付出就没有回报
17. produced further gains产生进一步的提高 （gain的妙用）
18. Make famines a distant memory使饥荒成为遥远的记忆 / put sth behind us让..成为历史 consign sth to history/make sth a thing of the past
19. 简明英语更有力量 Hangzhou is beautiful and innovative city杭州既是秀美之地也是创新智慧之城
第二段
Xu Zhihong, a former president of Peking University and a longtime professor of life sciences there, said that Mr. Yuan’s underlying talent was always clear: He paid minute attention to rice plants and how they grew.
曾任北京大学校长、并一直在北大从事生命科学研究的许智宏说，袁隆平根本的才能一直都很明显：他对水稻及其生长方式有细致入微的观察。
Mr. Yuan also had an enormous effect on Chinese agriculture because he was a good mentor and a strong leader of teams, the botanists agreed. So Mr. Yuan ended up playing a far larger role than if he had confined himself to laboratory work and writing papers.
这些植物学家一致认为，袁隆平对中国农业也有巨大影响，因为他既是一名好导师，也是团队的有力领导者。这让袁隆平最终起了更重要的作用，而不是只将工作局限于实验室和写论文上。
1. professor of life sciences ：a teacher of English英语老师 English teacher有可能是来自英国的老师 life sciences 复数 centers for disease control and prevention疾控中心：中心用 复数
2. talent天赋 人才时：talent是不可数名词 才能时:用复数talents
3. Strong team leader团队领袖 team player团队精神
4. Ended up doing sth以..结束
5. Play a far larger role发挥更大的作用
第三段
After his discoveries in the early 1970s, Mr. Yuan became a strong advocate for sharing his breakthroughs internationally instead of using them to achieve Chinese dominance in rice production.
袁隆平在20世纪70年的发现之后，一直强烈主张与世界共享他的突破性工作，而不是用这些突破来实现中国主导全球的水稻生产。
In recent decades, the Communist Party came to celebrate Mr. Yuan as a model scientist: patriotic, dedicated to solving practical problems, and relentlessly hard-working even in old age. At 77, he even carried the Olympic torch near Changsha for a segment of its route to the Beijing Olympics in 2008.
近几十年来，中国共产党把袁隆平颂扬为科学家的榜样：他爱国、致力于解决实际问题，即使到了老年也坚持不懈地努力工作。他曾在77岁那年，为2008年北京奥运会在长沙附近传递过火炬。
“There’s no secret to it, my experience can be summed in four words: knowledge, sweat, inspiration and opportunity,” Mr. Yuan said in a video message last year encouraging young Chinese to go into science. In English, he quoted the scientist Louis Pasteur: “Chance favors the prepared mind.”
“这不是什么秘密，我的经历可以用四个词来概括：知识、汗水、灵感和机会，”袁隆平去年在一段鼓励中国年轻人投身科学的视频中说。他还在英语引用了科学家路易斯·巴斯德(Louis Pasteur)的话：“机会青睐有准备的头脑。”
1. 名词本身有动词的形式 advocate强烈主张，主张是动词 achieve 名转动，动词优先
2. 这不是什么秘密。我的经历可以用四个词来形容：知识，汗水，灵感和机会。/机会青睐有准备的头脑
3. Knowledge知识的积淀，sweat汗水的付出，inspiration灵感，opportunity机会
4. Encourage sb to go into鼓励..投身
5. Lean in前倾，向前一步 lie down躺平，随波逐流
