口译理论与实践（七）

口译记忆力机制
Introduction
listening-memorizing-processing-delivering 听意思表
Note-taking is just ancillary.

Theory
Types of memory
1. sensory memory
2. long-term memory
3. short-term memory（working memory）
capacity：7±2（Magical 7）
process=stm+ltm

Strategy
retelling，paraphrasing
1. Visualizatoin（mental pictures）
2. Chunking（meaningful units）
3. Association
4. Organization
5. Repetition

口译笔记
The contents
5W+1H (who, what, when, where, why, how)
figures and proper names
logics

Layout
vertical sense group in vertical order
  one main idea on each line
spacing
  (with indention)
diagonal layout
narrow columns
clear endings
more lines, fewer chracters
large font, with lots of white space
loose structure
concluded with a horizontal line

Logics
The order of paragraphs or group of meaning
Line or diagonal and vertical layout

Use abbreviation and symbols
Express logics
Adverbs of degree or frequency or intensity
Changes
signs / symbols / abbreviations / letters / language (source & target)

Seven Principles
1. Noting the idea and not the word
2. The rules of abbreviation
3. Links
4. Negation
5. Adding emphasis
6. Verticality
7. Shift

口译逻辑分析

Logical Analysis of Interpreting
Intro
complicated and multi-task
Listening-Memorizing-Processing-Delivering
听：口译听辨，逻辑分析
忆：记忆力机制，口译笔记
思：视译技巧，数字口译，语言重组
表：影子练习，口译演讲，应对策略
Language has national characteristics, but logical judgement is universal.
comprehend the source language
reduce your chance of making mistakes
improve your interpreting quality
enhance the retention of information in one's memory
Logical Relations
Horizontal analysis
generalization
to sum up, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word, on the whole
cause-effect
problem-solution
for, because, as, since, on account of, due to, as a result, thus, for this reason, so therefore, consequently
compare & contrast
and, as well, also, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, futhermore, what's more, however, but, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, yet, whereas, otherwise, still, instead, in spite of, despite
classification
sequencing
simple listing
first, second, third, next, then, furthermore, and so on, after, before, when, during, meanwhile, finally
Strategy
Horizontal analysis 句间段间（逻辑链接🔗）
The purpose is to follow the patterns of organization we have introduced before, so as to understand the links between pieces of information.
to link all the pearls together
Vetical Analysis 篇章层次（提纲式的、立体的）
The purpose is to clarify layers of information, which is a top-bottom scope thus called vertical.
to make information from top to down in a 3D model
Logical Analysis
Anticipation

口译演讲
A good interpreter must be a good publicspeaker.
briefness / assistance of nonverbal tactics / swift response
Verbal sills : moderate and natural volume / speed / clear utterance / no awkward pause
Nonverbal skills : dressing / hand gesture / eye contact / facial expressions (smiling and soft) / no coughing...