【真题解析】四川美术学院2020年环艺考研真题——生态水吧设计！
没有特别幸运，那么请先特别努力，别因为懒惰而失败，还矫情地将原因归于自己倒霉。你必须特别努力，才能显得毫不费力。
考研的意义在于你真正投入的过程，请务必坚持信念，守得云开见月明！
临近考研我们和同学们一样紧张，也时刻关注着今年考研的动态，对每年的各专业的考研题目研究解析，这篇文章是针对川美环艺考研真题做的深度解析！（时刻更新历年真题中）
一、真题展示
二、题目解读
1、为了建筑、城市、景观环境的“可持续”，建筑学、城市规划学、景观建筑学学科开始了可持续人类聚居环境建设的思考。近几年美院也是针对这个话题不断的进行设计研究，这也一直是考试考察的热点。
在 2018 年初试专业快题中已经有考察到“滨水咖啡馆”这个构筑物设计，这次的“生态水吧”设计可以在原有基础上加一些“生态”的元素，甚至是直接套原图，再次印证了历年考试考题的重要性。
2、这类偏建筑的考题，在最初构思的时候需要考虑空间布局，即空间的功能分区问题。在这个咖啡厅当中，自然会存在售卖区域、客座区域（室内室外）、卫生间、操作间等，在题目给到的红线范围内，合理安排以上空间的位置和大小，而不是只在乎其形式问题。
3、整张快题中需要明确表现出来的核心点在于水吧自身与“生态”的关系，如果只是单纯的画了一个造型还不错的水吧，没有任何场域环境表现和主题表现的话，也没有办法取得高分，甚至直接视为套题。
因此，在整个设计过程中，我们需要充分考虑“生态”对于这个建筑体来说是怎么样的存在，甚至于说，我们在分析图方面更多的表现“生态”技术，不仅仅是从自然材质入手，更多的可以融入生态技术，比如雨水收集、自然光照明、绿色植物塑造等等，设计一个独一无二的与“生态”息息相关的特色水吧。
4、例如，从能源的可持续利用角度进行考虑，对于水吧的顶面可以进行特别设计。夏季和冬季，对于水吧顶面的通气口的处理有所不同：在夏季，由于烟囱效应，热空气被排出，避免了热量分层，而在冬季，它们像温室一样发挥作用：积聚太阳能，并在建筑物内重新散发。所有这些都无需成本，也无需特别技术的投入。
想探索的就是这个想法：在建筑的分析和模拟上比仅技术投入更多，从而创建能源系统混合型的建筑。这代表了朝着生态时代迈进的建筑的真正变化，气候极端情况下带来的巨大环境挑战成为了创新发展的机遇。
那么这个出发点的设计表现，更多的就需要分析图来做说明。也或者是将分析图以泡泡图的形式遍布在整个画面效果当中，作补充说明。
5、但如果对于生态技术了解的不多，无法在分析图中有过多“生态”元素的表现，那么对于环境氛围的营造就变得尤其重要了。因此对于各个场景的拿捏和掌握是我们在练习各个种类的快题中需要不断积累和练习的。
三、示范快题
更多院校真题陆续更新中
四、实际案例
在设计过程中，我们在不断思考，芙蓉湖公园对于住宅的意义是什么？它对于这片区域的居民的意义是什么？设计面对场地内文化、生态、社会问题的复杂交织，率先确定了“绿色基底”的调性。利用“生态”所具备的柔性、流动性和渗透性，对城市斑块进行生态填补，让公园成为城市结构中的“粘合剂”。同时构建多样生活场景，吸引周边社区居民融入，实现公园“无界”的理念。未来的芙蓉湖公园，不仅仅是一个的城市公园绿地，更是社区和城市之间的强力纽带。
▼场地与概念分析，analysis diagram ©林德设计
In the design process, we are constantly thinking, what is the significance of Furong Lake Park to the residence? What does it mean for the residents of this area? Faced with the complex interweaving of cultural, ecological and social issues within the site, the design took the lead in determining the tone of the “green base”. Utilize the flexibility, fluidity and permeability of “ecology” to ecologically fill urban patches and make parks become the “glue” in the urban structure. At the same time, a variety of life scenes will be constructed to attract residents from the surrounding communities and realize the concept of “unbounded” in the park. The future Furong Lake Park is not only an urban park and green space, but also a strong link between the community and the city.
▼公园总体鸟瞰，aerial view of the project ©三映建筑景观摄影
自然与城市咬合紧密，公园与住宅相互拼接。设计希望能将自然拼接进城市乃至社区，营造一个有温度、有生活、有情感的公共社交场所。市民的生活是千姿百态的，人们对空间的使用也经常能够带来惊喜，只有人的使用才能给一个城市开放空间带来无限的活力，同时也完成对空间的完整定义。比空间更重要的，是连接人与自然，人与人之间的关系。在这里，你将享受的是公园里的小确幸时光 。
Nature and the city are closely intertwined. The park and the house are connected to each other. The design hopes to splice nature into the city and even the community, creating a public social place with warmth, life and emotion. The lives of citizens are varied, and people’s use of space can often bring surprises. Only human use can bring infinite vitality to an urban open space and at the same time complete the complete definition of space. More important than space is the connection between man and nature, and the relationship between man and man. Here, what you will enjoy is a little fortunate time in the park.
▼六大主题空间，six theme of the project ©林德设计
绿氧时尚全龄乐园
Green Oxygen Fashion Paradise Full Age
孩子是公园的活力和生机之源，设计借助树屋主题，意图打造集标示性、主题性、趣味性于一体全龄成长空间。场地以水之蓝为基调，采用现代、简洁、流畅的线条，打开空间，营造别开生面的活力、趣味的儿童成长乐园。大面积的蓝色，成为这个空间的焦点，让人联想大海、天空，尤如沉浸在无尽静谧的海水中，舒服、放松。以多样亲子互动器械增强场景的生动性，自带“网红”属性，成为整个场所的记忆点。
Children are the source of vitality and vitality in the park. The design uses the theme of the tree house to create a whole-age growth space that integrates iconicity, theme and fun. The venue is based on the blue of water, using modern, concise and smooth lines to open up the space and create a vibrant and interesting children’s growth paradise. The large area of blue becomes the focal point of this space, reminiscent of the sea and the sky, as if immersed in the endless tranquil sea, comfortable and relaxing. A variety of parent-child interactive devices are used to enhance the vividness of the scene, with its own “net celebrity” attribute, which becomes the memory point of the entire place.
▼绿氧时尚全龄乐园总体概览，overall of the Green Oxygen Fashion Paradise Full Age ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼集标示性、主题性、趣味性于一体全龄成长空间，a whole-age growth space that integrates iconicity, theme and fun ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼场地以水之蓝为基调并设有沙池，The venue is based on the blue of water and has a sand pool ©三映建筑景观摄影
在如今的后疫情时代，公园连接着城市与生活。我们认为创造一个让人们在自然中消磨时间的空间至关重要。他们可以在这里和孩子散步、休息、野餐、运动，形成一个活跃的，以社区为导向的无界水岸公园。
In today’s post-epidemic era, parks connect the city and life. We believe that creating a space for people to spend time in nature is very important. They can walk, rest, picnic, and exercise with their children in an active, community-oriented unbounded waterfront park.
▼孩子们在沙池中玩耍，Children playing in the sand pool ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼种类丰富的游乐设施，Rich variety of rides ©三映建筑景观摄影
水上漂艺术走廊
Floating Art Corridor
源于自然，匠心打造，公园改造现状水面成为内湖美景，并在雨水收集，净化，本土植物种植，植物多样性进行了大量的实践和探索，提升了新城的整体生态环境和生物多样性。设计多种多样的全年龄的社交场所，提供实现幸福美好生活的城市公共开放空间。
Originated from nature and crafted with ingenuity, the current water surface of the park has been transformed into the beautiful scenery of the inner lake. A lot of practice and exploration have been carried out on rainwater collection, purification, native plant cultivation, and plant diversity, which has improved the overall ecological environment and biodiversity of the new city. Design a variety of social places for all ages to provide urban public open spaces that realize a happy and beautiful life.
▼水上漂艺术走廊总体概览，overall of the Floating Art Corridor ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼水上漂艺术走廊鸟瞰，aerial view of the Floating Art Corridor ©三映建筑景观摄影
以生态为主题，沿湖种植芦苇、香蒲，菖蒲，设计架空栈道，穿行与湿地植物区，体会公园良好的生态环境和生物多样性，使孩子们在自然中学习和观察世界。这里同时也是青少年户外教育基地。
With ecology as the theme, reeds, cattail and calamus are planted along the lake, and the aerial boardwalk is designed to walk through the wetland plant area, experiencing the good ecological environment and biodiversity of the park, so that children can learn and observe the world in nature. It is also an outdoor education base for teenagers.
▼伞状结构具有避雨、排水以及雨水收集的作用，Umbrella structure has the function of sheltering from rain and collecting rainwater ©三映建筑景观摄影
漂浮森心会客室
Floating Mori Reception Room
架空栈道系统也为人们感受美景提供了丰富途径。栈桥穿梭在湖泊之间，通过缓坡与园路连为一体；滨水栈道作为陆地向水面伸展的一部分，使人们得以更接近水体，亲近自然。
The overhead plank road system also provides rich ways for people to experience the beautiful scenery. The trestle bridge shuttles between the lakes and is connected with the garden road through a gentle slope; the waterfront plank road, as a part of the land extending to the water surface, allows people to get closer to the water body and get closer to nature.
▼漂浮森心会客室总体概览，overall of the Floating Mori Reception Room ©三映建筑景观摄影
公园不仅是住宅居民的一处休闲绿地，同时也激活了城市多功能共享生活空间。在公园里慢跑或散步，在平台广场上活动或观赏，在湖岸边与水亲近，亦或是在草坪上快意追逐奔跑……公园里不同尺度空间的场所，满足了大部分居民活动的需求。公园不再是只有特定时间，特定需求才会被使用，而是时时刻刻都被需求，全天候充满生机与活力的城市公园空间，它正体现出强大的生命价值。
The park is not only a recreational green space for residential residents, but also activates the city’s multifunctional shared living space. Jogging or walking in the park, activities or watching on the platform plaza, getting close to the water on the lake shore, or chasing and running freely on the lawn… The spaces of different scales in the park meet the needs of most residents’ activities . The park is no longer only a specific time and specific needs will be used, but a city park space that is required all the time, full of vitality and vitality all the time, it is embodying a strong life value.
▼漂浮森心会客室对面的亲水平台，Waterfront platform facing to the Floating Mori Reception Room ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼城市多功能共享生活空间，city’s multifunctional shared living space ©三映建筑景观摄影
缤纷欢乐剧场Colorful Joy Together
在感性的城市空间里，漫无目的地行走，我们尝试在这复杂的社会关系网络里，创造与熟人和陌生人偶遇的机会，我们可以因为志同道合而相识，也可以因为陌生好奇而交织。不同的群体相互交错融合，正是城市公园所具有的魅力。
Walking aimlessly in the perceptual urban space, we try to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers in this complex social network. We can meet because of like-minded people, or we can be intertwined because of strangers and curiosities. Different groups are intertwined with each other, which is the charm of urban parks.
缤纷欢乐剧场Colorful Joy Together
在感性的城市空间里，漫无目的地行走，我们尝试在这复杂的社会关系网络里，创造与熟人和陌生人偶遇的机会，我们可以因为志同道合而相识，也可以因为陌生好奇而交织。不同的群体相互交错融合，正是城市公园所具有的魅力。
Walking aimlessly in the perceptual urban space, we try to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers in this complex social network. We can meet because of like-minded people, or we can be intertwined because of strangers and curiosities. Different groups are intertwined with each other, which is the charm of urban parks.
▼缤纷欢乐剧场概览，overall of the Colorful Joy Together ©三映建筑景观摄影
在现场体验这里的公园空间，感受这里的一切，回想从无到有的过程，无论是通宵赶图，为了获得最佳的效果，一改再改，不断论证方案，还是收到特发的指令，一路向北，像踩着风火轮一样赶去现场给领导汇报，看着眼前的一切都觉得值了！
Experiencing the park space here, feeling everything here, recalling the process from scratch. Whether it is rushing to the map overnight, in order to obtain the best effect, change and change, continue to demonstrate the plan, or receive special instructions. All the way to the north, rushed to the scene to report to the leaders like stepping on a hot wheel, and looked at everything in front of me and felt that it was worth it!
▼剧场旨在创造与熟人和陌生人偶遇的机会，The theater aims to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers ©三映建筑景观摄影
漂浮亲水吧
Floating and Enjoy the Water
美好的景观不仅能吸引人们来到这里，更能吸引小动物来这里安家，植物在这里也生长得很繁茂。大自然的风、光、湖，植物、动物等，与人形成一个自然共生的生态系统。在此项目中，设计师除了创造更能还原生活，满足人们精神层面需求，有体验，有情感的景观场景，我们没有辜负场地原有的优质水系资源，对自然湖泊的边界稍加修整，驳岸自然入水，让人们更有机会接近水面，植物搭配上大多数选用乡土树种、蜜源植物以及水生植物，更吸引小动物的加入。
The beautiful landscape not only attracts people to come here, but also attracts small animals to settle here. Plants also grow luxuriantly here. Nature’s wind, light, lakes, plants, animals, etc. form a natural symbiosis ecosystem with people. In this project, the Designer created a landscape scene that can restore life better, meet people’s spiritual needs, experience, and emotion. We did not live up to the original high-quality water resources of the site, and the boundary of the natural lake was slightly refurbished and reveted. Natural entry into the water gives people more opportunities to get close to the surface of the water. Most of the plants are matched with native tree species, nectar plants and aquatic plants, which attracts the addition of small animals.
▼漂浮亲水吧总体概览，overall of the Floating and Enjoy the Water ©三映建筑景观摄影
林间氧气吧Oxygen In the Forest
公园的无界，是让城市景观与自然景观相互渗透，人类在这里是参与者，放弃主导和控制，强调融入和体验。人的活动轨迹与日月星辰、花鸟鱼虫的显隐交织，最终成为无界空间中的普通元素之一。
The unboundedness of the park is to allow the urban landscape and the natural landscape to penetrate each other, where humans are participants, giving up dominance and control, and emphasizing integration and experience. The trajectory of human activity is intertwined with the sun, moon, stars, flowers, birds, fish, and insects, eventually becoming one of the common elements in the unbounded space.
▼林间氧气吧概览，overall of the Oxygen In the Forest ©三映建筑景观摄影
想起一位同行的话——景观设计师就是创造这个世界的人！想来可能有点夸张了！我想我们暂时可能还没做到吧，但起码我们是能整合各种元素，用我们微薄的力量，不断平衡大自然和人类的关系，让这个世界在变好。我想这大概就是景观设计师的价值所在！
Think of a colleague’s words: Landscape Architect is the person who created this world! It may be a bit exaggerated! I think we may not have done it yet, but at least we can integrate various elements and use our meager power to constantly balance the relationship between nature and humans, so that the world is getting better. I think this is probably the value of landscape architects!
▼公园步道与点缀其间的景观小品，Park trails and landscape pavillons interspersed between them ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼花丛间的步道，path between flowers ©三映建筑景观摄影
打破边界，连接公园、城市与社区，
让自然住在身边，与自然亲密触碰，
我们将不断继续，用景观连接无限可能，
敬请期待……
Break boundaries.Link parks, cities, and communities.
Let nature live nearby, touch nature intimately,
We will continue to connect unlimited possibilities with the landscape,
Stay tuned…
▼让自然住在身边，与自然亲密触碰，Let nature live nearby, touch nature intimately ©三映建筑景观摄影
▼总平面图，master plan ©林德设计
项目名称: 周口万达芙蓉湖生态城市公园
项目地点：河南省周口市
业主：河南万达置业集团有限公司
景观设计：林德设计
景观设计主创：戎正瑶
摄影：三映建筑景观摄影
项目面积:110916 ㎡
开工时间: 2020年4月
竣工时间: 2021年6月
Project Name: Zhoukou Wanda Furong Lake Ecological City Park
Project Location: Zhoukou City, Henan Province
Client: Henan Wanda Real Estate Group Co., Ltd.
Design Company Name: Inter Design
Chief Designer: RebeccA Rong
Photographer: Shine LAB
Project Area: 110916 m2
Start Date: April 2020
Completion Date: June 2021
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