passage 123 NEWHALL的艺术标准
★★★☆
看题：
1. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Newhall’s third criterion? 细节信息，定位+推理
2. According to the passage, which of the following is a way in which This is the American Earth satisfies Newhall’s criteria for judging photographic art? 直接细节，题干不好定位
3. According to the passage, one of the criteria Newhall uses in making judgments about photographic art is the degree to which the art 直接细节
文章讲解：
①One way to assess This is the American Earth, a collection of photographs selected and arranged by Nancy Newhall, is to apply Newhall’s own criteria for judging photographic art. ②Does this photographic essay achieve results impossible in other media? 承接上句，即标准1 ③By contrasting the small with the vast—for example, placing a photo of a rock pool next to one of a spiral galaxy—Newhall exploits the camera’s ability to manipulate the size of an object, thereby challenging viewers to question their conventional concepts of size. ④However, a similar result could be achieved in the medium of painting.
⑤Does the work bear its creator’s imprint, and does it draw viewers’ interest even after repeated viewings: Newhall’s second and third criteria? 标准2和标准3 ⑥Indeed, Newhall’s work bears her unmistakable imprint in the juxtaposition of the photos and in the rhythmic prose accompanying them, but the individual viewer must decide whether Newhall’s work evokes, as it did for this reviewer, new experiences upon subsequent viewings. 标准2是有的，3就要人们自己决定了。
①
↓ ↓
②v1 ⑤v2&v3
↓ ↓
③↔④×v1 ⑥v2√，but v3 ✘
题型解析：
1.The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Newhall’s third criterion?
态度+推断
A. It’s satisfaction may depend on the reactions of individual viewers. 对应⑥
B. It cannot be applied by the individual viewer on the basis of his or her own experience. NE/RE
C. It is easier to apply than are Newhall’s other criteria 没有证据
D. It is the most important criterion to consider when judging photographic art. NE
E. Its application may be more difficult when a photographic essay rather than another form of photographic art is being evaluated. NE
2. According to the passage, which of the following is a way in which This is the American Earth satisfies Newhall’s criteria for judging photographic art? 直接细节
A. It takes advantage of one of the camera’s unique abilities. 无关
B. It leaves viewers with a particularly strong visual impression. 没有证据
C. It contains elements identifying it as a particular person’s work. 对应⑤，标准2
D. It consistently evokes an emotional response from viewers. 没有证据
E. It successfully destroys an overemphasis on humans’ concept of size. 没有证据
3. According to the passage, one of the criteria Newhall uses in making judgments about photographic art is the degree to which the art 直接细节
A. provides viewers with an experience that will encourage subsequent viewings. NE 有一定干扰的选项
B. challenges viewers to question their preconceptions NE
C. evokes similar experiences for different viewers in different circumstances NE
D. achieves results that have not been realized by earlier works of photographic art NE
E. produce results that can only be achieved in the medium of photography ②，标准1
背景拓展：
Nancy Newhall
Nancy Wynne Newhall (May 9, 1908 – July 7, 1974) was an American photography critic. She is best known for writing the text to accompany photographs by Ansel Adams and Edward Weston, but was also a widely published writer on photography, conservation, and American culture.
This is a very special Ansel Adams book with a limited availability. It contains 44 photographs of an ecological/ environmental nature by Ansel Adams as well as work by Eliot Porter, Philip Hyde, Edward Weston and Margaret Bourke-White.
安塞尔·亚当斯，美国风光摄影师，f/64小组创始人之一。他的作品大多为美国西部黑白风光照片，取景波澜壮阔，影调柔和细腻。他对相机和暗房技术的掌控严苛、精准，提出了“区域曝光法”。该理论主张预先想象影调，以此为依据决定曝光和显影时长，由此控制照片的深浅浓淡，以达到预期效果。
14岁时，亚当斯参观了优胜美地大峡谷（Yosemite Valley），他发现它的美丽和浩瀚“给人一种强烈的冲击和体验，几近痛苦。自1916年那天起，我的生命被内华达山脉壮观的地形所影响和改变。”45岁时，他用柯达布朗尼相机（Box Brownie）在那儿拍了第一张照片。之后，他在旧金山学习了暗房技术，平均每天冲洗1000张照片。他每年都去优胜美地和内华达山探险、拍照，成了热情的自然资源保护者。
