passage 121 美国印第安人身居高位的比例

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先看题：

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 主旨目的，论证框架

2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole? 句子功能，句间关系

3. The passage suggests which of the following regarding “access to managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups? 间接细节，结合错误标签

文章讲解：
①Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. ②First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bu’reaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. ③This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makers to the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. ④Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed to non-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. ⑤Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades. ⑥For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. ⑦Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 主旨目的，现象解释

A. Summarize a demographic trend overt time NE

B. Present findings on a demographic group 说明文，RE

C. Analyze the demographic composition of a type of job NE/IR

D. Explain the need for particular social research 

E. Argue for the implementation of a social policy NE

2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole? 句子功能，好题，值一颗星

A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence. 与前句并列构成第三点的论据

B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence. 相反，属性也错

C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage. 也就是对第三个理由的印证

D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage. 没有证据，陪跑

E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence. 没有证据，陪跑

3. The passage suggests which of the following regarding “access to managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups? 间接细节，利用排除法，这题就占了一颗星，定位③

A. This access is only significant when the percentage of disadvantaged group members in managerial positions mirrors the percent of that group in the general public. 没有证据

B. This access is largely the result of policy decisions made in response to interest of those groups. 相反，因果倒置

C. This access has meaning apart from any policy benefits it confer on those groups. 广义同义替换，这里的meaning即symbolic value

D. This access often creates increased access to non-managerial position for those groups. 没有证据

E. The extent of this access tends to be similar across different disadvantaged groups. 没有证据