passage 10 关注简奥斯汀的作品中不同的时代背景

★★★

文章分析：

①Unlike most Jane Austen scholarship before 1980, much recent scholarship analyzes the novels of Austen, who lived from 1775 to 1817, in the context of Austen’s tumultuous times, which saw the French and American revolutions and the Napole'onic Wars. ②Yet Frantz notes another revolution, rarely mentioned in Austen scholarship: the Great Masculine Renunciation that altered conventions in men’s dress and behavior. ③During the later eighteenth century, wealthy gentlemen exchanged the velvets and satins long in fashion for somber woolen suits. ④Frantz contends that this change reflected deeper cultural changes. ⑤The value once placed on men’s expressiveness, reflected in Mackenzie’s novel The Man of Feeling (1771), gave way to a preference for emotional restraint. ⑥In Austen’s novels, the heroine often struggles to glimpse the true nature of hero beneath his reserved exterior. 

最后一句，想想《傲慢与偏见》，就很容易理解为什么伊丽莎白一开始看不透达西了。

① 事实，现在学界的做法

② 转折，客观对比，F发现另外一个视角

③ 顺承事实

④ 顺承观点

⑤+⑥ 顺承事实结果

① ↔ ②

          ↓

         ③

          ↓

         ④

          ↓

      ⑤+⑥

1. The author of the passage mentions The Man of Feeling (1771) in order to 结构功能题，修饰服务主干

A. contrast Mackenzie’s reasons for writing novels with those of Austen 没有证据

B. introduce evidence regarding the influence of particular writers on Austen 没有证据

C. corroborate a claim that a convention of masculine behavior changed during Austen’s lifetime 符合

D. suggest that Austen’s novels were more reflective of their historical context than Mackenzie’s had been 没有证据

E. challenge a particular misconception about the modes of behavior common among gentlemen in the later eighteenth century 没有证据

2. The passage suggests which of the following about scholarship on Jane Austen? 细节推断题，定位①句

A. Much recent scholarship has begun to place greater emphasis on gender conventions governing men’s behavior during Austen’s lifetime. 没有证据/无关/相反

B. Some scholarship has debated whether Austen’s novels depict emotional restraint as an admirable quality. 没有证据/无关

C.Certain scholars argue that Austen’s novels do not accurately reflect cultural changes during Austen’s lifetime that changed the way gentlemen dressed and behaved. 没有证据/无关

D. After 1980, scholarship on Austen shifted toward a greater emphasis on the historical context in which she wrote.符合

E.With few exceptions, recent scholarship depicts Austen as a writer who had little interest in the tumultuous events of her time. 没有证据

背景拓展：

Jane Austen

"Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery." - Jane Austen

Jane Austen (/ˈɒstɪn,ˈɔːs-/; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. Her use of biting irony, along with her realism, humour, and social commentary, have long earned her acclaim among critics, scholars, and popular audiences alike.

With the publications of Sense and Sensibility (1811),  Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled Sanditon, but died before its completion. She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript, a short epistolary novel Lady Susan, and another unfinished novel, The Watsons. Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.

A significant transition in her posthumous reputation occurred in 1833, when her novels were republished in Richard Bentley's Standard Novels series, illustrated by Ferdinand Pickering, and sold as a set. They gradually gained wider acclaim and popular readership. In 1869, fifty-two years after her death, her nephew's publication of A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced a compelling version of her writing career and supposedly uneventful life to an eager audience.

Austen has inspired many critical essays and literary anthologies. Her novels have inspired many films, from 1940's Pride and Prejudice to more recent productions like Sense and Sensibility (1995), Emma (1996), Mansfield Park (1999), Pride & Prejudice (2005), and  Love & Friendship (2016). 

Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813), and the Seventh (1815). 

Learn more:

https://www.thoughtco.com/french-revolutionary-and-napoleonic-wars-2361116

Frantz Fanon (/ˈfænən/; 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961), also known as Ibrahim Frantz Fanon, was a French West Indian psychiatrist and political philosopher from the French colony of Martinique (today a French department), whose works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory and Marxism.

弗朗茨·法农是20世纪研究非殖民化和殖民主义的精神病理学的其中一个具影响力的思想家，其研究多从社会学，哲学，精神病学等角度着手，同时他自己也写了很多关于这些方面的著作。超过40年来，他的作品启发了不少反帝国主义解放运动。同时各国对他的关注及学术研究也与日俱增，比如2011年12月6日，是他逝世50周年，法国一些机构组织就专门举办了关于他的纪念活动。

法农也是近代最重要的黑人文化批评家之一，以黑人的角度探索黑色非洲，并使得非洲研究真正受到西方学界重视。在法国完成医学学位后，于法国及阿尔及利亚两地行医。在法期间，法农完成了《黑皮肤、白面具》，书中道尽身为黑人知识份子在法国的境遇。在阿尔及利亚则完成了《地球上受苦受难的人们》，深度探讨阿尔及利亚人被法国殖民的痛苦。

the Great Masculine Renunciation

The Great Male Renunciation is the historical phenomenon at the end of the 18th century in which men stopped using brilliant or refined forms in their dress, which were left to women's clothing. Coined by psychoanalyst John Flügel in 1930, it is considered a major turning point in the history of clothing in which the men relinquish their claim to adornment and beauty. The Great Renunciation encouraged the establishment of the suit's monopoly on male dress codes at the beginning of the 19th century.

The fashion movement was associated with American republicanism, with Benjamin Franklin giving up his wig during the revolution, and later the Gold Spoon Oration of 1840 denouncing Martin Van Buren.

Mackenzie’s novel The Man of Feeling (1771)

The novel presents a series of moral vignettes which the naïve protagonist Harley either observes, is told about, or participates in. This novel is often seen to contain elements of the Romantic novel, which became prolific in the years following its publishing.