Language names

语言名称

To name a language in Esperanto, the full expression is "la angla lingvo", "la franca lingvo" (the English language, the French language). However, people usually drop the word "lingvo" and just say "la angla" (English), "la franca" (French):

世界语里面对于语言的名称，其完整的表达是“la angla lingvo"(英语), "la franca lingvo"（法语）。然而，人们通常把“lingvo”一词去掉，只说“la angla”，“la franca”

La itala estas bela lingvo.
Italian is a beautiful language.

意大利语是一门优美的语言

Mi parolas la hispanan.
I speak Spanish.

我说西班牙语

Don't try this with Esperanto though! In theory you could say "la Esperanta lingvo", but in practice this form is never used. The language has always been known as Esperanto right from the start

尽管在理论上能将世界语表达成"la Esperanta lingvo"，但是在生活中从不使用这种说法。因为这门语言一开始就被人称为Esperanto。

Oni

Oni is equivalent to "one" in English. It is used frequently in Esperanto, more often than the pronoun "one" is used in English. It is used to make general statements, as follows:

Oni相当于英语里面的“one”（有些人，有的人）。Oni在世界语里很常用，比英语里的代词"one"用得还要频繁。它用于叙述，例如：

Oni diras, ke la angla estas malfacila lingvo. 
One says that English is a difficult language.
People say that English is a difficult language.

人们说，英语是一门困难的语言

Oni parolas Esperanton en la domo. 
One speaks Esperanto in the house. 
Esperanto is spoken in the house.

人们在屋子里说世界语

Ke

Subordinate clauses are often introduced by ke ("that"): Li diras, ke vi parolas Esperanton. In English, It is possible to leave out "that", and say "He says you speak Esperanto", instead of "He says that you speak Esperanto." However, in Esperanto keng> must always be included. Note also that there is always a comma before ke, though the English translation may not have one.

从句通常由ke（that）引入：Li diras, ke vi parolas Esperanton. （他说，你讲世界语）。在英语里，“that”一词有可能会被省去，把"He says that you speak Esperanto."说成"He says you speak Esperanto"。然而，世界语里的ke不能够省略。同时要注意，ke前面通常会有个逗号，虽然有时候英文译文里面（that的前面）没有（逗号）。

Nek ... nek ...

既不...也不...

Nek means both "neither" and "nor":

Nek既有“两者都不”也有“也不是”的意思

Mi parolas nek la francan nek la anglan. 
I speak neither French nor English.

我既不说法语，也不说英语

Li parolas nek Esperanton, nek la anglan. 
He speaks neither Esperanto nor English.

他既不说世界语，也不说英语

Nek ni nek ili loĝas en Aŭstralio. 
Neither we nor they live in Australia.

我们和他们都不住在澳大利亚

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Languages/tips-and-notes

翻译：vanilo                              

2018/8/19         13:16