【双语字幕】社会学入门: 社会学的想象力 纽约大学 Introduction t

1. The sociological imagination who we are and how we got here.上

• We have to look beyond the individual and their own sense of how they got to be where in life or geographical space.
• Mills says the answer is intersection of biography and history.

• 教授举失业作为例子，我们通常会从个人角度出发反思自己的问题，比如学历不够，专业不对，能力不足之类的，然而另一种思考方式是更加宏观的，与我们的社会环境相关，比如我们现在的经济出现什么问题，是否有全新的经济格局的产生，是否有某一种工作在这个市场是显学，自己喜欢的工作可能不能养活自己。
• It is about the structure of the situation and the way forces have eloved over history.
• 

  1 社会学的想象力 - 第 1 部分 - The Sociological Imagination - Part 1 P1 - 13:17

  
• Individual troubles is a very important another idea from mills. People tend to go around seeing their life as a series of private troubles, but missing the boat they should be seeing the relationships between their private troubles and public issues. (人们通常将他们的生活看做是有一系列的个人问题，但是忽略了个人问题和公共事件之间的联系）
• 

  1 社会学的想象力 - 第 1 部分 - The Sociological Imagination - Part 1 P1 - 17:01

  
• The sociological imgination is a call for political action, that means when you have the sociological imagination-whether you're a professional sociologist or you are a citizen, you are engaged the world-not just trying to understand the world, but alos changing the world. You effort to understand the world is to break through and create the kind of knowledge that is to generate changes. （不管你的职业是什么，当你拥有社会学的想象力，你所做的就是吸收知识并且用你所学到的知识去改变这个世界）

Sociology should have built in moral and political role in the world.

这一部分这位老师在讲 the chosen这本书描述美国名校选拔学生的标准，比如说哈佛之类的常春藤从最初的家族血缘，到地理分布，到后来根据申请者品质选拔人才，其中体育作为提现品质的一个重要标准被大学所重视还有领导力，课外活动，但这些东西所占的比例是非常主观，为了实现学生群体的多元。即使是在加州大学系统这样的公立学校，根据学生家庭收入的众数，学校等级也可以按层级进行划分，UCLA、UCB，到州立大学，再到社区学院。中上阶层可以将他们的社会地位转移到下一代。永恒的发现是，美国大学精英化严重，越有名的大学，有钱人家的孩子越多，这个研究结果是可以经得起时间和区域考研的。

社会学家总是在寻找可以部分解释结果或者现象的原因，特别是通过不同的层级，社会背景，历史时期。

IQ test - Jim FLYNN is famous for flynn effect: He studied the IQ scores of all the people in the world where IQ tests was given and across history about 100 hundred years ago, he found the scores go up to such an incredible degree, people got smarter, so IQ test cannot be measured for something intrinstic intelligence.

We are able to read the context, and this ability to know what is the right answer, at the right moment, at the right place, at the right time, is partially taught in school.

我们个人的成长和发展其实是收到周边环境或者历史进程的影响有的力量很大，有的力量很小，比如说出身，家庭教育，地理分配，出身一个中上等阶级家庭就可以上名校，要是一个犹太人就不行，哪怕是三角形的认知，有一些家庭教育好的会帮助孩子学习，有一些则不行。

from the micro to the macro.

生词：

1. be buffeted by the forces of history
2. plumber 水管工
3. predicament 困局
4. resonate 产生共鸣
5. segment 片段
6. discriminate 区分，辨别，歧视
7. hierachy

参考书目：

1. <sociological imagination>(参考书目） was coined by wright mills.
2. 被选中的 : [美]杰罗姆•卡拉贝尔
3.