From "useful tools" to "emancipating the soul"

Topic:

From "useful tools" to "emancipating the soul" 解放灵魂——A survey of Ideological and political education in Nussbaum's critique of utilitarian education

Background:

Martha  Craven  Nussbaum,  a  famous  American  philosopher  and  educationist, emphasizes the educational model of cultural pluralism, especially the democracy of education.

Nussbaum's critique of utilitarian education is inspired by the educational thoughts of some democratic educators.

On this basis, it analyzes the current situation of  American  education  and  some  countries  in  the  world,  and  gradually  realizes  the harm  of  utilitarian  education  which  lacks  rational  judgment  and  compassion. 

It  also criticizes the "economic growth oriented" American educational development model,

and  puts  forward  educational  reform  proposals  to  the  world,  aiming  to  cultivate democratic  citizens  with  critical  power,  imagination  and  compassion.  Instead  of focusing  on  cultivating  those  who  "only  accept  technical  training,  have  no  doubt about authority, and fully obey" and "capable but sluggish, no thinking and thinking tools  to  make  money". 

We  should  abandon  the  educational  concept  of  "profit orientation" and provide a new educational model for the world's educational reform.

So she drew lessons from the traditional education thought and put forward the theory of "super utility education". But her criticism of the reality of global education is not to  destroy  the  existing  education  completely,  but  to  advocate  the  creative  reform  of education. She hopes to find out the disadvantages of education through the analysis of national education under different systems, so as to restore the status of Humanities and  Social  Sciences,  construct  a  modern  education  concept  of  "super  utility"  from "useful tool" to "soul liberation", truly liberate the "soul" of human nature, and realize the purpose of non utility education.

What:

This paper is divided into six chapters, as follows:

The  first  chapter  is  the  introduction.  In  the  chapter  of  introduction,  it  mainly discusses  the  background  and  significance  of  the  research,  the  research  review  at home  and  abroad,  the  research  ideas  and  methods,  as  well  as  the  innovation  and shortcomings. For the overall writing of the article to prepare materials and theoretical support.

The second chapter is about the practical state of utilitarian education in the West. Based  on  this,  the  author  first  analyzes  the  concept  of  utilitarian  and  utilitarian education;  secondly,  explains  the  historical  background  and  theoretical  premise  of Western  utilitarian  education;  finally,  after  combing  the  historical  and  theoretical clues,  it  is  not  difficult  to  find  that  Western  utilitarian  education  has  entered  into  a certain practical deviation, which leads to a certain negative impact.

The  third  chapter  is  the  generation  of  utilitarian  education  of  Baum's "emancipating  the  soul".  In  this  chapter,  firstly,  it  explains  the  background  of Nussbaum's  super  utilitarian  education;  secondly,  it  traces  back  to  the  theory  of cultivating  individual  critical  thinking,  compassion  and  imagination;  finally,  it  finds out the logic of Nussbaum's super utilitarian education to reality.

The  fourth  chapter  is  the  core  of  Nussbaum's  ultra  utilitarian  education.  This chapter  is  the  key  chapter  of  the  full  text,  which  focuses  on  Nussbaum's  rational criticism  of  utilitarian  education  thought,  appeals  to  the  theoretical  connotation  of Nussbaum's  ultra  utilitarian  education  thought,  and  puts  forward  the  practical principles of Nussbaum's ultra utilitarian education thought.

The  fifth  chapter  is  the  evaluation  of  Nussbaum's  ultra  utilitarian  education thought  and  Marxist  criticism.  In  this  chapter,  we  will  illustrate  and  analyze  the rationality  and  limitations  of  Nussbaum's  ultra  utilitarian  education  theory,  and criticize  its  theoretical  value  based  on  the  Marxist  perspective,  so  as  to  make theoretical  preparation  for  revealing  the  advantages  of  Ideological  and  political education.

The  sixth  chapter  is  about  the  value  of  Ideological  and  political  education  of Chinese  Nussbaum's  super  utilitarian  education.  Although  Nusa's  super  utilitarian educational  thought  has  certain  educational  advanced  nature,  there  still  exist  the limitation  of  bourgeois  ideology.  In  this  chapter,  we  must  understand  why  China's ideological  and  political  education  can  maintain  its  scientific  and  advanced  nature.

参考文献来源：华  昉

从“有用工具”到“解放灵魂”

——努斯鲍姆《功利教育批判》的思想政治教育审视