【自用跟读版】新概念2-Lesson 10 Not for jazz
一、单词
1.jazz /dʒæz/ n. 爵士乐；
① pop music 流行音乐
classic music 古典音乐
country music 乡村音乐
rock and roll 摇滚乐
②listen to jazz
He listen to jazz almost every day.
2. musical /ˈmjuːzɪk(ə)l/ adj. 音乐的，配乐的；悦耳的，动听的
① musical film 音乐剧
②动听的 She has a musical voice 她有着动听的嗓音
③music + al-> adj.
post -> postal 邮政的
nature -> natural 自然的，天然的
3. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 器械；乐器；仪器；
music instrument 乐器
piano 钢琴
violin 小提琴
4. clavichord /ˈklævɪkɔːd/ n. 古钢琴
5. recently /ˈriːs(ə)ntli/ adv. 最近，不久前
recent (adj.) 最近的 + ly -> recently (adv.)
recent news 最新消息
in recent years 最近几年
They have recently discovered an island.
Lee came to see me recently.
6.damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. （有形的）损坏，损失；损害，伤害； v. 损坏，损害；
①v. 损害
The car was damaged in the accident.
Smoking can damage your heath.
②n. 损害，损失
do damage to … 对… 造成损害
cause damage to …
7.key /kiː/ n. 钥匙；（电脑、打字机或乐器的）键；关键，要诀；答案；
the key to the front door. 前门的钥匙
a key to the exercise 练习的答案
8.string /strɪŋ/ n. 线，细绳；弦；
9.shock /ʃɒk/ n. 令人震惊的事；愤怒，生气； v. 使震惊，使难以置信；（言语或行为）（使）愤慨，（使）生气；
①Jane was shocked at the news.
be shocked at … 对…感到震惊
② His words shocked us
sth shock sb 某事另某人感到震惊
③n.震惊
His words gave me a shock
give sb a shock
10. allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许，准许；
① allow doing sth. 允许做…
We allow smoking only in smoking area.
② allow sb to do 允许某人做…
His parents won’t allow him to smoke.
Photography is not allowed in the museum.
③ be allowed to do sth.
11. touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触摸，碰；感动，触动，使同情；
① Don’t touch the painting.
② I touched him on the shoulder
touch sb on … 触碰某人的某个部位
③ The story touched me deeply. 感动
二、课文和语法
1. We have an old musical instrument.
musical instrument 乐器
该句是主动句，句子的主语是动作的发出者。
表示状态的动词通常不用在被动句中，have表示拥有的状态，不用在被动句中
表状态的词有have, fit, cost, lack, posses, belong to
The shirt cost me $99
2. It is called a clavichord.
该句是被动句，主语是动作的承受者，句子是被动句
改为主动句: We call it a clavichord.
3. It was made in Germany in 1681. 被动句
make-made-made
该句动作的发出者不明确，所以还是保留被动句的说法
be made in… 制造于…
make 生产、制造，常见的搭配有:
①be made in sw. 产于某地
These desks were made in Shanghai.
②be made by sb 由某人制造
This cake is made by my sister
③ be made of sth. 由某种材料制成(看得出材料)
The ring is made of gold.
④ be made from sth. 由多种材料混合制成（看不出单个材料）
The cake is made from sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
⑤ be made into sth. 被制作成了成品
This piece of cloth can be made into a dress
⑥ be made up of sth. 由… 组成，构成（机构、团体等）
4. Our clavichord was kept in the living room. 被动句
We keep our clavichord in the living room
keep-kept-kept
5. It has belonged to our family for a long time.
belong vi. 属于… 只用于主动句中
不及物动词往往不用于被动语态
The bike belongs to Mike.
He belongs to a golf club
6. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
buy-bought-bought
My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago.
7.Recently it was damaged by a visitor
A visitor damaged it recently.
damage 损坏，强调程度较轻
8. She tried to play jazz on it.
try to do sth… 不定式作宾语
动词的宾语是不定式或动名词时，通常不能变被动语态
I hope to see you soon.
She like singing.
play jazz 演奏爵士乐
play后接乐器的时候，乐器的前面要加the
play the piano
play +乐曲+ on the +乐器
play a tune(曲调) on the violin
9. She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
strike-struck-struck
break-broke-broken
The keys were struck too hard and she broke two of the strings.
10. My father was shocked
It shocked my father
11. We are not allowed to touch it .
allow sb to do sth.
Sb be allowed to do sth.
My father don’t allow us to touch it.
12. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s
be being done 进行时的被动语态
A friend of my father’s is repairing it.
a friend of my father’s 是双重所有格结构
在双重所有格结构中，代词（你，我，他，你们，我们，他们）要用名词性物主代词
Mike is a friend of mine.
She is a friend of Jane’s
①双重所有格用来表示所有关系是人，不是物
a friend of my father’s
② 双重所有格还常用this, that, these 和those 修饰of短语前面的名词，表示爱、恨、褒、贬等情感
this son of mine 我这个儿子
that dog of Robert’s 罗伯特的那条狗
those dirty hands of yours 你那肮脏的手
13. 被动语态
结构为 be done
被动语态的时态是由be的变化来表示
只有动作时及物动词才能构成被动语态
强调动作由什么人或者什么东西发出的，常用介词by+行为发出者
被动语态没有将来进行时和各种完成进行时态
被动语态各种时态形式如下
14. 名词的属格
(1)名词所有格的构成
1)单数名词，词尾加’s
2) 复数名词
① 不以-s 或-es结尾的特殊变化的复数名词，在词尾加’s
the children’s Day 儿童节
②以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’构成所有格
③ 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s
my father-in-law’s company
④ 对于and连接的并列名词，当表示共有的情况下，只需在最后一个名词后加’s， 若各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s
John and his wife’s bank savings
(2) 名词所有格的用法
1)用于有生命的名词：姓名、人称、不定代词、国家、集体名词、高等动物等名词后面
Mary’s brother
my brother’s car
nobody’s fault
China’s exports and imports in January
the horse’s mouth
2)用于无生命的名词：
①表示时间、距离
a month’s salary
②表示重量、度量或价值
two pounds’ weight
two dollars’ worth of sugar
③表示国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词等
China’s industrial development
④用于交通工具及其部件的所属关系
the plane’s engine
3）省去名词的所有格
①若名词所有格所修饰的名词已经出现，则在第二次出现的所有格后的名词可省去，避免重复
This is my room and that is my sister’s
②在一些店铺或者教堂的名词所有格后可省去名词，此时所有格表示相应的场所，且一般要在所有格名词前加定冠词the
at the chemist’s 在药店
at the butcher’s 在肉店
4) of属格的用法
①表示无生命物体的名词所有关系
the leg of the table
②当声明名词后接短语或从句时，也用of属格
The mother of the boy in a red suit is president of our company.
那个男孩的妈妈穿着红色套装，是我们公司的总裁。
