新概念英语第一次21-41课 复习笔记
口语表达
What's in it?
-A piece of cheese. / A pound of sugar.
Can you make the tea?
-Yes, of course.
Where's the tea? -It's over there, behind the teapot. over there :那，在那。
Hurry up!
Can you come here a minute please?(工作场合常用） -Yes，sir？
Can she type this letter for me？ - Ask her please. - Yes, sir.
表达是否喜欢：Do you like coffee? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
表达是否想要：Do you want any sugar? - Yes, please. /No, thank you.
选择疑问句： Do you want beef of lamb? -Beef, please. / Lamb, please.
-To tell you the truth. I don't like chicken either! (to tell you the truth=to be honest=to be frank)
-either:也 （否定）
问来自哪里
-Where do you come from? - I come from Greece.
-Where are you from? - I am from Greece.
问气候climate，天气weather：
-What's the climate like in your country? - It's very pleasant.
-What's the weather like in spring? - It's often windy in March. / It's always warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes.
Which season ( fruit / subject / sport ) do you like best? - I like spring and summer. The days are long and the nights are short. The sun rises early and sets late.
Is that all? - That's all, thank you.
不舒服：What's the matter with him? -He feels ill.
电话号码：Can you remembeer the doctor's telephone number? / What's the doctor's telepone number
-It's 09754 ( zero nine seven five four)
感冒： He has a cold. / He catches a cold.
发烧： He has a fever. / He has a temperature.
卧床休息： He is in bed.
打算干什么： be going to do
- What are you going to do this evening, Jill? - I'm going to meet some friends, Dad.
表示要求，命令
- You mustn't come home late. You must be home at half past ten. - I can't home so early, Dad.
- Can I have the key to the front door, please? - No, you can't.
问一个人怎么样？ - What‘s Ron Marston like, Pauline? -He's awful.
预约 - Do you have an appointment? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
情态动词否定疑问句，表示请求。- Can't you wait till this afternoon?
- I can wait, but my toothache can't.
分类词汇
四季：
spring， summer， autumn - fall ， winter
月份：
January，February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
星期：
Sunday， Monday , Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
天气：
pleasant，sunny， rainy， snowy, windy , warm, hot , cold .
身体部位/ 面部器官：
head， neck ，arm , hand , leg , foot feet , eye , eyebrow , nose , mouth , tongue舌头 , ear, face .
病痛（常以ache结尾的词）
headache , earache , toothache , stomachache , backache ,
食物 greengrocer's 蔬菜水果店
meat：pork ， beef , fish , lamb , chicken , mince , steak ,
vegetable: tomato，potato ， cabbage卷心菜 , lettuce莴笋 ， pea 豌豆， bean 豆角，
语法
量词L21
a piece of : 一片 a piece of cheese
a loaf of : 一条 a loaf of bread （ loaf:指条状物）
a bar of: 一块 a bar of soap & a bar of chocolate
a bottle of: a bottle of milk
a pound of：a pound of sugar
a tin of : a tin of tobacco tin：罐子&罐头
方位词
1.in 在...里面
in the kitchen
in the room
in the middle of 在...中间
2.out: ...出来
Some children are coming are coming out of the building.
Some of them are going into the park.
come out of: 从... 出来
go into : 进去...
in & into （into 更强调进去）
She in the hospital.
She gets into the hospital.
3.on
1.在...表面上
on the wall & on the floor
2.方位
on the left & on the right
3.靠近，临近
The village is on a rive.
4.over 在...上面
on & over on:表面有接触 over：在上方，没有接触。
There is a book on the floor.
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
5.under 在...下面
under the tree & under the table
6.in front of 在...的前面
I'm going to put it here, in front of the window.
区分 两个表示位置的短语 in front of & in the front of
in front of : 表示在范围之外的前面
我们的教室前面有一颗树（教室外）There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of : 表示在范围之内的前面
我们的教室前面有一块黑板（教室内）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
e.g. in front of ➡️There is a car in front of our bus.
in front of➡️There is a young driver in the front of our bus.
7.behind 在...后面
Where‘s the tea? - It's over there, behind the teapot.
He is behind the plan. 他是主谋。
8.across 横穿，横过
It's running across the grass. an expedition across Africa
9.near 离...近
The armchairs are near the table.
The stereo is near the door.
10. between 在...中间
Our village is in a valley. It is between two hills. 村庄处在山谷中，它在两座小山中间。
11.along 沿着...
My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. 我和我妻子沿着河岸一直走。
Walk along this street and turn left at the second corner.
3.代词
some，one , ones
使用这三种代词的目： 避免重复
some : 指代名词
Where are the cups? - There are some in the cupboard. (some➡️ some cups）
one , ones : 不定代词
one
L11
Give me a book please, Jane.
Which book? This one?
No , not that one. The red one. (one➡️glasses)
ones
L12
Give me some glasses please, Jane.
Which glasses? These glasses?
No, not those. The ones on the shelf. (one➡️glasses)
4.及物动词，不及物动词
及物：后面跟东西➡️名词或者名词性短语作宾语。
I like coffee.
I want a cup of coffee.
不及物：后面不直接跟宾语，也可以完整地表达意思。
I run.
Birds fly.
通过句型，短语结构判断是否及物。
5.频率副词
often经常
always经常，总是
sometimes有时，偶尔（数字+times：表示次数）
He telephone me four times yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday.
6.时间的表达
季节，时间，天气：用人称代词 it 作主语。
1.整点时间表达
数字+o'clock
e.g. It is six o"clock.
It is six o'clock a.m.
It is six o'clock p.m.
sharp:整点 It's six o'clock sharp.
2.一刻，几刻，半
quarter：刻
It is a quarter to four. 现在是3点45。 / 差一刻4点
It's a quarter past eight. 现在是8点15。8点过一刻。
It's three quarters past ten. 现在是10点45分。
It's half pass eight. 8:30。
3.直接读出数字
8:30 It is half pass eight. / It is eight thirty1:22 It is one twenty-two.
5:43 It is five forty-three.
7.反身代词 oneself
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
enjoy oneself! 祝...玩的开心
enjoy yourself! 祝你玩的开心
enjoy yourselves! 祝你们玩的开心
8.have = have got 拥有
I have two interesting story books.
I have got two interesting story books.
have的另一种用法：从事，进行
L41 have a bath 洗澡 have a cigarette 吸烟
have a glass of whisky 喝一杯威士忌
have lunch 吃午饭
have dinner 吃晚饭
9.用所有格表示地点
在英语中，表示某一种商店，可以省略shop。
at the butcher's
at the greengrocer's
at the hairdresser's
at the doctor's
at my mother's
10.数量
序数词
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty first （twenty+first 通过最后个位数的序数词变化来体现）
twenty second
twenty third
twenty fourth
形容物体的量：many，much , a lot of 修饰名词
many：加可数名词的复数
Teddy has many books. (book可数名词）
much：加不可数名词
I don't have much money. (money不可数名词）
a lot of: 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
a lot of books & a lot of money
注意：在使用短语修饰名词的时候，要首先判断名词是：
可数名词countable noun,
还是不可数名词uncountable noun。
11.方式状语
go to school by bus/ car / bike / ship / plane
on foot 步行
12.情态动词
can : 表示“能力”
I can swim.
情态动词的否定式：情态动词+not构成
I cannot swim. = I can‘t swim.
疑问句：把情态动词放句首，后面跟句子的主语和主要的谓语动词。
Can you swim?
特殊用法：情态动词的否定疑问句，表示请求。
Can't you wait till this afternoon
13.时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时
一般现在时
I am a boy. & He goes to work.
在一般现在时里，当主语是单数第三人称（he, she , it)的时候，谓语动词变成单三形式。（加s/es）
现在进行时：表示说话的时候，正在进行的动作或者事件。
She‘s sitting under the tree. He's climbing the tree.
结构：be 的现在时（ am，is ，are） + 现在分词
现在分词 ：
a.对于大多数动词来说，在动词后面直接加ing形式就可以构成现在分词。
doing / climbing
b.以字母e结尾的单词：去e + ing
e.g. make➡️ making
c.如果动词只有一个元音字母，后面跟了一个辅音字母，则需要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing。
e.g. running / sitting
一般过去时：过去发生的，现在已经结束的动作。
结构：
1.当动词是be动词时：
第一，第三人称单数：was ; 其他的情况 ： were
e.g. I was a student. & We were good friends.
2.be 动词以外的动词
a. 规则动词，在动词后加ed
e.g. answer➡️ answered
b.以字母e 结尾的动词，直接加d
e.g. telephone ➡️ telephoned & arrive➡️ arrived
c.不规则动词
e.g. do ➡️ did & say➡️ said
