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英语中最常用的词根词缀 用心总结版

2022-08-23 12:54 作者:铭钧亦大  | 我要投稿

 

最常用的前缀总结

上表又可浓缩成一首五言诗:

上下中前后

里外肯否定

共同总分离

程度通重复

单双十百千

万分多一半

首位自立善

优恶大微远

1、词根

1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气” aeroplane, aerial,

2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作” active, agent, reaction,

3) alt, 含义是“高”, altitude

4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更” alternate,

6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)

7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获” capture, except, concept, capacity

8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)

9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)

10) claim, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim

11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include

12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture

13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord

14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)

15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict

16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document.

17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)

18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect

19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击” defence, offence

20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)

21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, finish, confine

22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定)

23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)

24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex

25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish

26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform

27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” force, enforce, effort

28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” generate, generation

29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录” telegram, diagram, photograph

30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progress

31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit

32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion

33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject

34) jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)

35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” conjunction, junction(连合)

36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate

37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集” collect, select, lecture

38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live

39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location, dislocate(脱位)

40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger

41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent,

42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend

43) man, manu, 含义是“手,手法” manage, manual

44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial

45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental

46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant

47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量,度量” measure, meter, diameter

48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority

49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣,送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile

50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove

51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)

52) not, 含义是“记号,注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)

53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous

54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同,对等b)准备” compare, prepare

55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)

56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)

57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone

58) plac, 含义是“位置,场所” place, replace

59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民,民众” public, republic, popular, people

60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)

61) press, 含义是“压,压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression

62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验,验证” prove, approve,

63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找,探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查,追究)

64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank

65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正,直” correct, direct, erect

66) riv, 含义是“河流,流远”,river, arrive, derive

67) rupt, 含义是“破坏,毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption

68) sci, 含义是“认识,知识” science, conscious

69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写,记录” describe, script

70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉,情感” sensation, sentiment

71) sign, 含义是“标记,符号” signal, signature, design

72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似,类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)

73) soci, 含义是“结合,社交” social, association

74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看,视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect

75) struct, 含义是“建筑,构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction

76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽,掩盖” detect, protect

77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间,时机” tense, contemporary, temporal

78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend

79) test, 含义是“证明,证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)

80) text, 含义是“编织, 构成” textile, texture, context

81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉,吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)

82) tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute

83) us, ut, 含义是“用,使用” usable, utilize, abuse

84) vac, van, 含义是“空,虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)

85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走,去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)

86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转,反转” convert, inversion(倒转), reverse, divert(使转向)

87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看,看见” television, visible, evident, interview, survey

88) viv, vit, 含义是“生,活” vivid, vital, survival

89) war, ward, 含义是“注意,保护” aware, wary(谨慎), ward(守护)

90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always

二、词缀

(一)前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, nonsense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示"错误"的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience(伪科学)
3)表示"反动作"的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示"相反,相互对立"意思
anti-, ant- antiknock(防震), antiforeign(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)

ounter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1)a-表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside
2)by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-,表示“周围,环绕,回转” circumstance, circuit
4)de-,表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade
5)en-,表示“在内,进入” encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-,表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-,表示“额外” extraction (提取)
8)fore-表示“在前面” forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于” inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-,表示“在……间,相互” international, interaction, internet
11)intro-,表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-,表示“中,中间” Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward
14)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-,表示"向后,在后边,次” postscript(附言)
16)pre-,表示"在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-,表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-,表示“在下面,下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-,表示“在…..之上” superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-,表示“在…..下面,下的” underline, underground, underwater
22)up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示时间,序列关系的前缀
1)ante-, anti-,表示“先前,早于,预先” antecedent, anticipate
2)ex-,表示“先,故,旧” expresident, exhusband
3)fore-,表示“在前面,先前,前面” foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)
4)mid-, medi-,表示“中,中间” midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表示“在后,后” postwar
6)pre-, pri-,表示“在前,事先,预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-,表示“在前,先,前” prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)
8)re-,表示“再一次,重新” retell, rewrite

4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-,表示“副,次要的” byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-,表示“超越,额外” extraordinary
3)hyper-表示“超过,极度” hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out-,表示“超过,过分” outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太” overeat, overdress, oversleep
6)sub-, suc-, sur-,表示“低,次,副,亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur-表示“超过” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣,低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice-表示“副,次” vicepresident, vicechairman
5.表示"共同,相等"意思的前缀
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-表示“共同,一起”。 connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,共,和,类” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6.表示"整个、完全"意思的前缀
1)al-表示“完整,完全”alone, almost
2)over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充满)
3)pan-表示“全,总,万”panentheism(泛神论),panorama
7.表示"分离,离开"意思的前缀
1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离,离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)de-表示“离去,处去”depart, decolour
3)dis-, di-, dif-,表示“分离,离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)
4)ex-, e-,表示“离开,分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱逐出境)
5)for-表示“离开,脱离”forget, forgive
6)表示“离开”release, resolve
7)表示“分离,隔离”separate, seduce, select
8.表示"通过,遍及"意思的前缀
1)dia-,表示“通过,横过”diameter, diagram
2)per-, pel-,表示“通,总,遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
3)trans-,表示“横过,贯通”transparent, transmit, transport

9.表示"加强"意思的前缀
a-, arouse, ashamed
ad-, adjoin, adhere(粘着)
10.表示变换词类作用的前缀(一般由名词或形容词变换为动词)
be-, befriend
en-, enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)
11.表示数量关系的前缀
1)表示“单一”,“一”
mon-, mon-, monotone(单调),monopoly, monarch
uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表示“二,两,双”
ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)
bi-, bicycle
di-, diode(二级管)
twi-, twilight
3)表示“十”
deca-, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals
4)表示"百,百分之一"
hecto-, hect-, hectometer,
centi-, centimeter
5)表示"千,千分之一”
kilo-, kilometer
6)表示"万,万分之一”
myria-, myri-, myriametre
mega-, meg-, megabyte
micro-, microvolt (微伏特)
7)表示"许多,复,多数”
multi-,mult-, multipmetre (万用表)
poly-,polysyllable,
8)表示“半,一半”
hemi-, hemisphere demi-, demiofficial
semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent
pene-, pen-, peninsula(半岛)
12.表示特殊意义的前缀
1)arch-,表示“首位,第一的,主要的”architect, archbishop
2)auto-,表示“自己,独立,自动”automobile, autobiography
3)bene-,表示“善,福”benefit
4)eu-,表示“优,美好”eugenics(优生学),euphemism
5)male-,mal-表示“恶,不良”maltreatment, malodor,
6)macro-,表示“大,宏大”macroscopic(宏观)
7)magni-,表示“大”magnificent
8)micro-,表示“微”microscope
13.表示术语的前缀
1)aud-,表示“听,声”audience,
2)bio-,表示“生命,生物”biography(传记)
3)ge-,表示“地球,大地”geography
4)phon-,表示“声,音调”phonograph
5)tele-,表示“远离”television, telephone
(二)后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ain,表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian
2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人" principal
3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student(由study派生来)
4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art,表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian,表示"……派别的人, ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary,表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary
8)-ant,表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat,表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee,表示"动作承受者"(动作施行者为加er)employee, examinee
12)-eer,表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer
13)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese,表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese(广东人)
15)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician
18)-ician,表示"精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist,表示"……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic,表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic
21)-ie,表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier,表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
23)-ine, ian,表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist,表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive,表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive
26)-logist,表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or,表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster
29)-yer,表示"从事……职业者” lawyer
(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age,表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al
a)表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b)表示具体的事物 manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft,表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国之策)
8)-cracy,表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy,表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy
10)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry,表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety,表示"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture,表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice,表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service
16)-ine,表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine

17)-ing,表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action,solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise,表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony,表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our,表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error,
26)-osity,表示"动作,状态” curiosity
27)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure,表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
31)-y,表示"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3)带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age,表示"住所,地点" village, cottage
2)-ary,表示"住所,场地" library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, -ry,表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)-ory,表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4)带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy,表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, -ics,表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy,表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery,表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y,表示"……学,术,法” photography, philosophy
(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)

5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant,-ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
3)-ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing, clothing, matting
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, -etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, -ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, -ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义

1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent
(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous    3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western    2)-ward, downward, forward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble   2)-ple, triple    3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen     2)-ty, fifty     3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9)表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less,表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize, -ise,表示"做成,变成,……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4.副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise


英语中最常用的词根词缀 用心总结版的评论 (共 条)

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