加密货币 / Cryptocurrency

「释义」

加密货币是一种使用密码学原理来确保交易安全及控制交易单位创造的交易介质。

跟平常使用的纸币需要防伪设计一样，加密货币的防伪是利用数字货币和虚拟货币使用密码学及数字散列而成并与智能合约的绑定之下的新型通证。比特币在2009年成为第一个去中心化的加密货币，这之后加密货币一词多指此类设计。

加密货币基于去中心化的共识机制，与依赖中心化监管体系的银行金融系统相对。

去中心化的性质源自于使用分布式账本的区块链技术。

「应用场景」

取代。

第三象限的创新建立在单个案例和本地化技术应用的基础之上，所以新颖度较低，但由于其公用范围和幅度更广，所需协调度很高。这些创新旨在取代整个商业模式，但也因此面临巨大障碍——它们需要更高的协调度，而且想要取代的流程可能已经很成熟，并在组织和机构中已根深蒂固。取代的案例包括加密货币。这是种健全的新货币系统，由简单的比特币支付技术演进而成。两者最大的不同是，加密货币要求进行货币交易的各方都要使用该系统，这给长期以来处理、监管此类交易的政府和机构带来了挑战。消费者也要改变自己的行为模式，并了解如何使用加密货币的新功能。

Substitution.

The third quadrant contains applications that are relatively low in novelty because they build on existing single-use and localized applications, but are high in coordination needs because they involve broader and increasingly public uses. These innovations aim to replace entire ways of doing business. They face high barriers to adoption, however; not only do they require more coordination but the processes they hope to replace may be full-blown and deeply embedded within organizations and institutions. Examples of substitutes include cryptocurrencies—new, fully formed currency systems that have grown out of the simple bitcoin payment technology. The critical difference is that a cryptocurrency requires every party that does monetary transactions to adopt it, challenging governments and institutions that have long handled and overseen such transactions. Consumers also have to change their behavior and understand how to implement the new functional capability of the cryptocurrency.

《区块链真相》

马尔科·扬西蒂，卡里姆·拉哈尼

2017年1月刊

“The Truth About Blockchain”

by Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani

编辑：马冰仑