多邻国世界语新版tips and notes Politics（中英对照）
The suffix -ism
后缀-ism
The Esperanto suffix -ism- can be used to denote a world view, religion, ideology or system, similarly to the suffix "-ism" in English. It can be attached
在世界语里，后缀-ism-能用于表示世界观、宗教，观念或者制度，就和英语里的后缀“-ism”类似：
either to a word that describes the worldview or system, as in naciismo(nationalism) and komunismo" (communism), derived from nacio (nation) and komuna (common, as in common ownership),
这个后缀可以和表示世界观或者社会制度的单词相结合：例如naciismo(民族主义) 和 komunismo" （共产主义），源自于nacio（民族）和komuna（共同，共同的所有权）
or to the name of the founder of that worldview or religion, as in budhismo (Buddhism) and marksismo (Marxism),
也可以和以创始人的名字命名的世界观或者宗教相结合：例如budhismo （佛教）和marksismo （马克思主义）。
or to a word that denotes an adherent of that worldview or religion, as in kristanismo (Christianity), hinduismo (Hinduism), judismo (Judaism) and veganismo (veganism), which are derived from kristano (a Christian), hinduo (a Hindu), judo (a Jew) and vegano (a vegan).
还可以和表示世界观或者信徒的词相结合，例如kristanismo (基督教), hinduismo (印度教), judismo (犹太教) 还有veganismo (素食主义)，上述的词来自于kristano (基督徒), hinduo (印度教徒), judo (犹太教徒) 和 vegano (素食者).
More about the -ism and -ist affixes
关于词缀-ism和-ist的内容
If you are interested in exploring this topic in more detail, read on.
如果你想知道这个话题的更多内容，就请继续看下文吧：
In 1. above, the adherent of that worldview is usually named by replacing the suffix -ism- by -ist-. So naciisto and komunisto mean a nationalist and a communist.
在上文的第一点中，那些世界观的信仰者们可以用后缀-ist-来代替-ism-。因此，naciisto 和 komunisto的意思也是民族主义者和共产主义者。
However, as -ist- also denotes a profession, this can in some cases cause confusion, as in the word kapitalisto (a capitalist), which is usually used for a person in control of capital rather than for an adherent of capitalism.
然而，后缀-ist-也有表示职业的意思，所以可能会在某些情况让人产生歧义，就像单词kapitalisto（资本家），通常是用来表示控制资本的人而不是资本主义的支持者。
To clearly name an adherent in such a case, one can add the suffix -an- after -ism. So kapitalismano is a clear word for an adherent of capitalism, which should not be confused with a capitalist in the sense of a person in control of capital.
为了在这种情况下能够让人区别开来，可以在后缀-ism后面再添加后缀-an。得到的kapitalismano的意思就是一个明确表示资本主义的支持者的单词。这样就不会和那个控制资本的人（资本家）弄混了 。
In 2. above, the adherent of that world view can be named by replacing -ism- by either -ist- or -an- (-ist- is generally prefered for adherents of a non-religious worldview named after a person, and -an- for adherents of a religion named after a person): So marksisto means "a Marxist", while a Buddhist can be called either budhano or budhisto (the first one is a little bit more common).
在上文的第二点，对于某种世界观的支持者的可以用后缀-ist-和-an-来替代后缀-ism-（后缀-ist-通常用于以人命名的非宗教世界观的信仰者，而-an-通常用于以人命名的宗教的信仰者）：所以，marksisto的意思是马克思主义者，而佛教徒既可以翻译为 budhano，也可以翻译为budhisto（budhano要比budhisto常见）
The word islamo (Islam) is the name of the religion, and the word of its adherents is formed using the suffix -an-: islamano (a Muslim). If you add the suffix -ism- to islamo, the resulting word islamismo is usually understood as a political ideology based on Islam, like the word "Islamism" in English.
单词islamo（伊斯兰教）是宗教的名字，它的信徒则是和后缀-an-组合而成：islamano（穆斯林）。如果你用islamo和后缀-ism-结合，得到的单词islamismo通常用来表示从伊斯兰中产生的意识形态（即伊斯兰主义），如同英语里的“Islamism”。
Note that the word kristanismo just like budhismo derives from the title of the founder, but in the case of kristanismo, the name of the religion is based on the word kristano for an adherent of the religion (which in turn derives from the title Kristo (Christ) of the founder), whereas in the case of budhismo it is directly derived from the title Budho (Buddha) of the founder.
注意：kristanismo和源自于它们创始人的头衔的budhismo类似，但是kristanismo这个词是由单词kristano（基督徒）衍生出来的，而kristano则是衍生于他们创始人的称呼Kristo（基督）。而budhismo则是从佛教创始人的称呼Buddha（佛陀）中衍生出来。
原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Politics/tips-and-notes
翻译：vanilo
