多邻国世界语新版tips and notes Verbs Present 动词现在时篇(中英对照)

Verb Types
动词种类
Transitive verbs
及物动词
Transitive verbs may take a direct object. For example:
及物动词后面可能会跟直接宾语
Mi trinkas sukon. = I drink juice.
我喝果汁
Ŝi legas libron. = She reads a book.
她在看书
Sometimes, although the verb is transitive, the direct object is not expressed, so we may say Mi trinkas or Ŝi legas, without naming the thing that the person is drinking or reading.
有些时候,虽然所用的动词是个及物动词,但是它的后面却没有跟着宾语。所以我们可能会说 Mi trinkas or Ŝi legas。没有了被喝或者被看着的物体的名称。
Intransitive verbs
不及物动词
Intransitive verbs never take a direct object. For example:
不及物动词后面不跟直接宾语。例如:
Mi sidas. = I am sitting.
我坐着
La knabino kuras. = The girl is running.
那个女孩在跑步
Differences between Esperanto and English
与英语的不同之处
Please note that the rules concerning verbs and objects are stricter in Esperanto than in English.
要注意的是,在世界语中,涉及到动词和宾语之间的规则要比英语要严格。
In English, we know a lot of verbs that can be used both with and
without a direct object. In English we can say "He closes the door" and
"The door closes", using the same verb, although the meaning is
different. In the first example, someone performs the action of closing
the door, while in the second, the door becomes closed. In Esperanto,
there are two words for this:
在英语中,我们知道不少动词后面既可以跟直接宾语,也可以不跟。在英语里面我们可以说 "He closes the door" 和"The door closes",尽管意思不同,但是我们所用的动词都是同一个。第一个例句是某个人实施了“关门”这个动作,而第二句则是门关上了,在世界语里面,这两句是这么说的:
Li fermas la pordon. = He closes the door.
他关上了门
La pordo fermiĝas = The door closes.
门关上了
In the same way, Esperanto distinguishes between komenci(to start to do something) and komenciĝi (to start happening):
同样的,世界语也把komenci(开始去做某件事)和komenciĝi(开始发生)区分开来:
La instruisto komencas la lecionon =The teacher starts the lesson.
老师开始上课了
La leciono komenciĝas. = The lesson is starting.
课程开始了
To use grammatical terms, fermi and komenci are transitive (take a direct object), while fermiĝi and komenciĝi are intransitive (cannot take a direct object).
用语法术语来说,fermi和komerci是及物动词(后面跟直接宾语)而 fermiĝi和 komenciĝi是不及物动词(后面不跟直接宾语)

Atendi
Atendi can mean "to wait," "to wait for" or "to expect." For example:
atendi的意思是"to wait," "to wait for" 或者"to expect."例如:
Mi atendas. = I wait.
我等
Mi atendas buson. = I wait for a bus.
我等巴士
Mi atendas profiton. = I am expecting a profit.
我期望获利
Note: Kion vi atendas? can mean either "What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?" depending on the context.
注意:Kion vi atendas? 可以意为 "What are you expecting?" (你在期待什么)或者 "What are you waiting for?"(你在等什么?),具体意思取决于语境。

Tiel... kiel
The combination tiel...kiel means as...as:
词组tiel....kiel的意思是“as...as”(和……一样)
Ĉu vi kantas tiel bone kiel ŝi?
Do you sing as well as she (does)?
你能够唱的和她一样(好)吗?
Ŝi estas tiel bela, kiel mia fratino.
She is as pretty as my sister.
她和我姐姐一样漂亮
原文:www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs-Present/tips-and-notes
翻译:vanilo