dole
dole是一个英语词,有两个不同的意思。第一个意思是“一份由政府或慈善机构给失业或贫困的人的钱、食物或衣物”。第二个意思是“悲哀或悲痛”。它的词源是古英语,分别来自dāl(分配)和dolor(痛苦)两个词。从词源的角度来解释这个词,第一个意思表示一种分发或施舍的行为,通常是出于仁慈或义务的目的。第二个意思表示一种情感或表达的状态,通常是出于悲伤或哀怨的原因。例如:
they are receiving the dole(他们正在领取救济金)
the customary dole was a tumblerful of rice(惯例的施舍是一杯米饭)
death be his dole who worst maintains the strife.
这句话是从一首古英语诗歌《The Battle of Maldon》中引用的,这里的dole是指一个人的分配或命运,而strife是指战斗或冲突。这句话表达了一种英雄主义的精神,即宁死不屈,不畏强敌。
he uttered his dole in a mournful voice(他用哀伤的声音说出了他的悲哀)
这个词的近义词有:
benefit(救济金)
gift(礼物)
donation(捐赠)
offering(供品)
handout(施舍)
grief(悲痛)
sorrow(悲哀)
lamentation(哀悼)
dolour(忧伤)
从词源的角度来解释这些近义词,它们都有表示一种给予或接受的物质或精神上的支持或影响的含义,例如:
He applied for unemployment benefit.(他申请了失业救济金。)
She gave him a gift for his birthday.(她给了他一个生日礼物。)
He made a generous donation to the charity.(他对慈善机构做了慷慨的捐赠。)
They brought their offerings to the temple.(他们把他们的供品带到了寺庙。)
He refused to accept any handouts from his friends.(他拒绝接受朋友们的任何施舍。)
She was overcome with grief when her husband died.(她丈夫去世时,她被悲痛所淹没。)
He expressed his sorrow for what he had done.(他为自己所做的事表示了悲哀。)
She sang a lamentation for her lost love.(她为她失去的爱唱了一首哀歌。)
He felt a great dolour in his heart.(他心中感到一种巨大的忧伤。)