英语在用：初级语法21

Unit 21 is done   was done（被动语态1）

A

The office is cleaned very day.

The office was cleaned yesterday.

请比较主动语态与被动语态：

Somebody cleans the office every day.（主动）

The office is cleaned every day.（被动）

Somebody cleaned the office yesterday.（主动）

The office was cleaned yesterday.（被动）

B 被动语态

过去分词

一般现在时

一般过去时 am/is/are

was/were (not) cleaned done

invented built 

injured taken等

规则动词的过去分词为-ed形式（cleaned/damaged等）。

关于不规则动词的过去分词形式（done/built/taken等），参见附录2-3。

Butter is made from milk.

Oranges are imported into Britain.

How often are these rooms cleaned?

I am never invited to parties.

This house was built 100 years ago.

These houses were built 100 years ago.

When was the telephone invented?

We weren’t invited to the party last week.

‘Was anybody injured in the accident?’ ‘Yes, two people were taken to hospital.’

C was/were born

I was born in Berlin in 1989.（而不用I am born）

‘Where were you born?’ ‘In Cairo.’

Tom has a shower every morning.

D 被动语态 + by ...

The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Bell invented it)

I was bitten by a dog a few days ago.

Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine.

Exercises

21.1 用括号中的词语造句。1-7句用现在时。

1 (the office / clean / every day) ____________________________________

2 (these rooms / clean / every day?) ____________________________________

3 (glass / make / from sand) ____________________________________

4 (stamps / sell / in a post office) ____________________________________

5 (this room / not / use / very often) ____________________________________

6 (we / allow / to park here?) ____________________________________

7 (how / this word / pronounce?) ____________________________________

8-15句用过去时。

8 (the office / clean yesterday) ____________________________________

9 (the house / paint / last month) ____________________________________

10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago) ____________________________________

11 (three people / injure / in the accident) ____________________________________

12 (when / this bridge / build) ____________________________________

13 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) ____________________________________

14 (how / these windows / break?) ____________________________________

15 (you / invite / to Jon’s party last week?) ____________________________________

21.2 改正下列句子。

1 This house built 100 years ago. ____________________________________

2 Football plays in most countries of the world. ____________________________________

3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? ____________________________________

4 A garage is a place where cars repair. ____________________________________

5 Where are you born? ____________________________________

6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? ____________________________________

7 Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen. ____________________________________

8 When was invented the bicycle? ____________________________________

21.3 用下列动词的被动语态（一般现在时或一般过去时）完成句子。

clean damage find give invite make make show steal take

1 The room ____________________________________ every day.

2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people ____________________________________ to hospital.

3 Paper ____________________________________ from wood.

4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms ____________________________________.

5’Where did you get this picture?’ ‘It ____________________________________ to me by a friend of mine.’

6 Many American programmes ____________________________________ on British television.

7 ‘Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?’ ‘No. They ____________________________________, but they didn’t go.’

8 ‘How old is this film?’ ‘It ____________________________________ in 1965.’

9 My car ____________________________________ last week, but the next day it ____________________________________ by the police.

21.4 他们是在哪里出生的？

1 (Ian / Edinburgh) ____________________________________

2 (Sally / Manchester) ____________________________________

3 (her parents / Ireland) ____________________________________

4 (you / ???) ____________________________________

5 (your mother / ???) ____________________________________