02 介词连词大致规律

规律一：大会、协议、合同、条约、法律等涉及的内容，往往通过“on”来连接：

[1.大会类]

特点：首先是哪一年举行的/第几次，阐述大会的范围，解释是大会/研讨会/座谈，最后通过介词来体现是关于哪方面内容的

The 2015 White House Conference on Aging； 2015年 白宫 老龄化 大会

The 2014 Asian Conference on the Life Sciences and Sustainability； 2014年 亚洲 生命科学和可持续发展 大会

The Fifth International Conference on Communications and Electronics；

第五次 国际 通讯与电子 大会

The Third International Conference on Communications and Information Technology

第三次国际 通讯与信息技术 大会

[2.协议、合同、条约类]

Agreement on Rules of Origin（原产地规则协议）；关于原产地规则的协议

Agreement on Safeguards（WTO保障措施协议）；safeguards 保障措施

The Rio+20 Treaty on Higher Education；里约+20高等教育条约

Singapore Treaty on the Law Of Trademarks；新加坡商标法条约

General Agreementon Tariffs and Trade(GATT)；关贸总协定

The General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS)；服务贸易总协定

商品贸易trade in goods(哪一方面的贸易 用介词In）

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)；核武器不扩散条约（关于哪方面的条约，用介词ON）

[3.协议、合同、条约类]

Sharia Law on Divorce；伊斯兰离婚法

Common Law on Trademark Abandonment；商标放弃普通法

Law on the Protection Of Trademarks and other Signs；有关商标以及其他标识 保护法

Law on the Protection Of Literary and ArtisticProperty； 文学与艺术财产保护法

Law 0n the Protection Of Rights and Interests of Women；妇女权益保护法（有关加不加主要看官方行文

Law of the People's Republic of China 0n the Protection Of Consumer Rights and Interests；中华人民共和国消费权益保护法

规律二：有关某方面上升、下降、增加、减少介词选用 in

Rise in population of elderly；

The biggest rise in population；

16％ rise in population；

aspikeininvestmentactivity；

Spike in first half investment；上半年投资活动的大幅上涨

Benefit from spike in prices；从价格上涨中获益

Huge spike in London hotel investment in Q1；一季度伦敦酒店出现大幅上涨

The increase in the green coverage area； 哪一方面的增加 绿化面积/区域

An increase in cost Of living；生活成本的上涨

A surprise drop in US job creation；美国就业岗位出现突如其来的下降

Drop in unemployment；哪一方面的下降 失业率

The drop in laborforce；劳动力

A decline in domestic Violence；家庭暴力 domestic refuse=domestic waste

A decline in competence；能力

A decline in operating profit；运营利润

规律三：关于"as"必须予以重视，这里重点学习"as"作为连词引导

事实背景，中文的大致意思就是"随着““ “在…的背景下"，逻辑上来讲属于主句的原因。

AS population ages,driving issues Will increase.随着人口老龄化，交通发生事故的问题也会增加

As Connecticut population ages,elder abuse rises.虐待老人的案例

As pollution worsens,China turns to big data.

Texas pollution worsens as budget shrinks for regulators.预算缩减 监管部门

China's manufacturers feel the squeeze as costs rise.随着成本的不断上涨，中国的制造企业也感受到了压力（As+句子，用一般现在时；不断地，日益地 用As，翻中文先处理as的句子）

规律四：遇到时间、地点或者数字时相关介词或连词必须强化记忆，如：

In the year to 31 January 2006，截止到2006年6月31日，常常用来表达同比增长/下降的概念（与一年前的这一天相比=year on year

China reported a record monthly trade surplus, of 47.3 billion for July. 

这里的report可以用record/register代替，表示实现了，或者不翻译也可以

这个report没有报道的含义，仅用于句式连接

是多少，用of连接

哪个月份，用for连接

七月份，中国月度贸易顺差创造记录，达到了……（一般用美元统计）

Exports to America grew by 12.3％，and those to Europe by 17％，compared with July 2013·

与2013年7月相比，中国对美出口增长12.3%，对欧出口增长17%

对谁出口 export to

增长多少 grow by

第一篇文本：

GDP fell by 6.8％ at an annual rate in the second quarter,

Fall by 下降了多少（这个by可要可不要

At…rate以什么速度

具体季度用in

在第二季度，日本经济增速同比下降6.8%

offsetting the bump in demand in the first quarter

用-ing表示后果

Bump in 上涨

这个offset不用直译，只用通过上下文来进行解释

由此使得第一季度需求出现了上涨

as consumers brought forward purchases to beat the tax rise.

as给出事实背景，表示原因

Bring forward to 提前进行

beat the rise 赶在…之前

在日本的消费税出现之前，很多消费者纷纷进行采购

The tax is scheduled to increase again, from 8％ to 10％ in October next year.

到明年的十月份，消费税还会再次上涨，从8%上涨到10%

Oil prices continued to fall despite heightened tensions in the Middle East and Russia.

尽管…局势日益紧张，但是油价持续下跌

Brent dipped to a 13-month low.

…降到13个月以来的新低

Dip to 下降到…程度

Oil markets, which the International Energy Agency described as "eerily calm in the face Of mounting geopolitical risks" have been quiet because the increase in American

And OPEC production has led to a glut in supply.

国际能源机构称，虽然现在地缘政治风险不断攀增，但石油市场依然出奇的平静（价格并没有波动）

这是因为XXX和XXX石油产量上升，由此供应过剩

Worldwide demand for OiL has also eased slightly.

Demand of sb for sth

Demand of China for oil

世界对石油的需求也出现了轻微的下降/有所下降

Tata Motors of India launched its first new model in four years.

四年内，首度推出了车型....

It thinks the Zest, priced at 7，500，

Be price at 竞价是多少

will reclaim some of the market for compact cars in

什么样的市场，介词用for

要夺回紧促车型的部分市场份额

India that it has lost to Japanese and South Korean rivals.

Lose sth to sb ….输给了谁

RARELY have the Christmas resuIts for Britain's supermarkets been awaited with such trepidation.

Result for sb 对谁的结果

Be awaited with

Most Of them, especially the market leader, Tesco, struggled in 2014, the hard discount stores, 

折扣比较多的折扣店

Aldi and Lidl, continued to under cut them, 

Under cut sb以低价来竞争/价格战

相互打价格战under cut each other

gobbling up market share,获得了更多的市场份额

while falling food prices ate into their profits.

While 表对比 于此同时

Eat into 蚕食=cut 下降 削弱

Would the weeks leading up to Christmas and New Year's Day,

Lead up to 在…到来之前

generally the strongest sales period, bring some relief?

=In the run-up to New Year's eve;=before

GDP is shrinking by almost 10％ in the year to the first quarter (in the first quarter of the year compared to the same quarter in 2013);

As a result, inbound tourism spend in 2015 is expected to increase by 4.5％, with visitors from overseas expected to spend £22.2b 一 an increase of almost £1b on 2014 with spend forecast to be £21.3b for this year.

In 2010 total spend from overseas visitors was £16.8b from 29.8 million trips.

03 读译《中国日报》，积累笔译砖块（上）

State of the Union address of US President Barack Obama：

《国情咨文》演讲，相当于中国国务院总理的《政府工作报告》（the Report on the Work of the Government）

回顾过去，展望未来（what was done and achieved in the past year and what will be done in the coming year）

State of the Union address国情咨文

 

进一步加剧了政治分歧；反映了经济上的差距：

Deepen political divide; reflect economic divide;

[引申表达]

贫富差距：wealth divide;

数字鸿沟：digital divide;

城乡差距：urban-rural divide;

divide分歧 差距

 

美中关系：

US-China relations; US-China relationship;

Sino-Japanese relations; China-Japan relationship,

[引申表达]

经贸关系：trade and economic relations;business ties;

经贸合作：economic cooperation and trade;

relations为复数

relationship一定为单数或者不可数

Sino+形容词

不存在trade cooperation，因为trade本身就有合作的意思（注意trade的位置）

 

与中国签署气候变化协议：

Sign a climate deal with Beijing;

[引申表达]

与美国签署技术合作协议：sign a technology cooperation agreement/pact/deal with Washington;

此处以首度代指国家

 

新减排目标让国会两党渐行渐远：

New climate targets further divide the Congress;

美中在亚洲的关系也渐行渐远：

Polarize US-China relations in Asia;

[引申表达]

人们对此看法不一：people remain divided over sth.;

Divided 作a. 有分歧的

 

"重返亚洲"战略：

Pivot to Asia policy;

认为这一战略其实是换汤不换药的遏制政策：

See it as a containment policy by another name;

[引申表达]

制止......的蔓延：contain/check/curb/stem/rein in the spread of;

重返不用return

See sth. As

Containment policy遏制政策

Engagement policy 接触政策

Contain 遏制 制止 包含

 

 

跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)：

Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement;

[引申表达]

中国针对TPP提出了RCEP（区域全面经济伙伴关系）：Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership；

针对美国主导的World Bank和IMF与日本主导的ADB（亚洲开发银行），中国提出了亚洲基础设施投资银行（AllB:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank）

 

制定计划：

Develop a plan，

美国努力避免遭受双重打击：

America seeks to avoid a double-whammy;

[引申表达]

对......造成沉重打击：deal a heavy blow to sb.

Formulate/develop/hammer out/work out制定

Seek to do sth

Deal 造成

 

避免出现......的局面：

Avoid the scenario where...

[引申表达]

争取实现双贏的局面：achieve a win-win scenario;

最坏的状况会是......：the worst scenario would be..

scenario对将来的局面进行的假设、预期

这实际上会有损奥巴马的政绩：

This would effectively undermine his legacy;

[引申表达]

实际上：ineffect; effectively; practically;

奥运遗产：Olympic legacy;

上届政府留下了一个烂摊子：leave us with a rotten legacy;

前仆后继，发扬某人的精神：build on the legacy of sb.;

Effectively/practically

legacy政绩

水立方

Volunteerism

legacy可以指理论上的，也可以指精神上的，比如志愿者精神等

 

积极推动这两大协定的签署，即便最终的协定内容大幅缩水也在所不惜：

Push aggressively both deals-at the expense of substantial dilution in the final agreements;

[引申表达]

以......为代价：do sth. at the expense/cost/sacrifice of

Push 推动

积极地 aggressively

Substantial dilution大幅缩水

 

加大依靠创新提升竞争力的力度：

Accelerate innovation-led competitiveness;

在网络威胁等问题上对中国也是含沙射影：

make implicit allusions to China, particularly in context of cyber threats;

[引申表达]

以质量取胜：build quality-led competitiveness;

Implicit-explicit

Allusions

Particularly

 

在网络活动上双方依然存在较大分歧：

Deep bilateral differences remain over cyber activities;

美国认为自身是商业机蜜窃取行为的受害者：

Washington sees itself as a victim of “commercial theft“

不断遭到网络攻击：

be under incessant cyber intrusions;

[引申表达]

成为......受害者：fall victim to/ fall prey to...

商业机密的窃取行为 commercial theft

遭到… be under +criticism

 

重申要完成有关中美减排新目标：

Reiterate their commitments to fulfilling the new China-US emission targets;

[引申表达]

重申/表示要继续......:reaffirm/renew one’s commitment to do/ doing sth

Be committed to sth /doing sth这个to是介词

commitment则不受限了

 

履行减排承诺：

Stick to its climate pledge;

[引申表达]

履行承诺:deliver/deliver on/make good on/honor/live up to one’s commitment/pledge/promise;

 

美国经济增速加快，达到5％，创11年来新高：

US growth intensified to 5 percent, the strongest in 11 years;

[引申表达]

三十年不遇的洪水/百年不遇的旱情：

The worst flood in 30 years; the worst drought in a century;

Intensify 加快

 

尽管人们一再提及所谓''紧缩"和“再平衡"政策：

Despite all the rhetoric about "austerity” and rebalancing

[引申表达]

Belt-tightening; tighten one's belt;

China's biggest economic challenge is the need to rebalance the economy in order to achieve sustainable long-term growth, says Haruhiko Kuroda, president of Asian Development Bank(ADB).转方式，调结构

紧缩austerity

再平衡 rebalancing

勒紧裤腰带

有时候不能简单的翻译成再平衡

中国需要转方式，调结构，来实现经济的再平衡

Re- 表调整的概念

[引申表达]

Though suffering a slower GDP growth, China's painful steps to achieve economic rebalance could offer long-term gains, Ewen Cameron Watt, chief strategist at the BlackRock Investment Institute, said Thursday.

China's lower value-added, export-driven model will be dropped and the emerging giant will rebalance the economy and stimulate demand.转方式调结构

调整经济结构并刺激内需，来重新获得经济发展的势头

 

到2020年，美国经济增速将逐步放缓至2.3％：

US growth will steadily decelerate to 2.3 percent by 2020；

美国经济靠外资拉动：

the US growth is fueled by foreign investment.

[引申表达]

靠出口拉动增长：export-driven growth;be driven by

经济增速

速度放缓decelerate to +百分点

Slow down

Be fueled by 靠…拉动

Drive 项目 活动 计划=campaign

现代化建设 modernization drive=program=initiative

The leading economic driver经济的主要推动力

 

美国政界分歧更大，政策信号不一，甚至会出现完全对立的政策：

A more divided Washington, mixed policy messages and potentially confrontational policies from the US

[引申表达]

人们对此反响不一：this has met mixed responses;

结果可谓喜忧参半：the result is mixed;

A more divided分歧更大

Mixed messages信号不一

confrontational